marv.

Brit.

/mɑː/, U.S.

/mɑr/

Forms: Old English merran (Anglian), Old English mierran, Old English mirran, Old English myrran, late Old English mærran, early Middle English mære, early Middle English mearre, Middle English mare, Middle English mer, Middle English mere, Middle English merr, Middle English merre, Middle English mire, Middle English–1600s marre, Middle English–1700s (1800s– regional) marr, Middle English– mar; Scottish pre-1700 mare, pre-1700 marr, pre-1700 marre, pre-1700 mere, pre-1700 1700s– mar, pre-1700 1900s– mer, pre-1700 1900s– merr.

Origin: A word inherited from Germanic.

Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian mēra to hinder, Old Saxon merrian to cause to stumble or err, to hinder (Middle Low German merren to hinder), Middle Dutch merren to hinder, (intransitive) to loiter (see below), Old High German marren, merren to hinder, disturb (Middle High German merren to hinder), (intransitive) to linger, delay (see below), Gothic marzjan to cause to stumble, to offend.Middle English forms in -a- probably arise from Old English (Anglian) -æ- (as i-mutation of unbroken -a- ) as well as from the later Middle English development of -er- to -ar- . (Late Old English amærran amar v. and mærran (the latter the result of emendation) in the late manuscript of Ælfred's translation of Augustine's Soliloquies probably reflect a Kentish variant, with the common spelling of æ for e , as this text has a large admixture of Kentish forms.) A parallel formation from the same Germanic base appears as Old English mearrian to go astray, err. It also underlies Middle Dutch marren to hinder, to loiter (Dutch marren to loiter), Middle High German marren to linger, loiter, but these originally distinct forms fell together phonetically with the forms described above, leaving only a distinction of transitivity. Old Icelandic merja to bruise, crush, is cited by N.E.D. (1905) s.v. as a cognate, but this is implausible on phonetic grounds (a form in -rr- would be expected), and any relationship is likely to be more distant, although the influence of Scandinavian on the sense development in English cannot be ruled out. The Germanic word from which mearrian is derived was adopted into the Romance languages, probably via post-classical Latin marrire to thwart, infringe (early 9th cent.), as Old French marrir to lose (one's way), to lead astray, perplex, afflict, distress (c1165; modern French only in past participle marri saddened, upset), Anglo-Norman marrir to vex, distress (compare senses 5 and 6, on which the Anglo-Norman and Old French word perhaps had some influence), Old Occitan, Occitan marrir to afflict, lose, go astray (also Occitan marrit bad, confused), Italian smarrire to bewilder (13th cent.), Spanish †marrido (adjective) grieved (1207). The Germanic base is perhaps further related to Sanskrit marṣaya, causative of mṛṣ to forget, Armenian moṙanam (I) forget, Lithuanian užmiršti, Latvian aizmirst to forget; the Indo-European base may have had a wider sense than that preserved in these languages. Other connections have also been proposed, but are not widely accepted.

I. To hamper or hinder; to impair or damage.

1. transitive. To hamper, hinder, interfere with, interrupt, or stop (a person, event, etc.). Now Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by interference

mareOE

disturbc1386

annoyc1405

interrupta1420

ail1499

blent1530

forelay1571

intervene1588

intervent1600

interpose1615

disrupt1817

derange1848

to put a crimp in (also into, on)1889

crab1899

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lix. 453 Se screnc[ð] ðone blindan, ðe ðone ungesceadwisan mirð mid ðy ðe he his god degel[l]ice deð, & ðeah licet swelce he yfel do.

OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) v. 4 Ða cwæð Farao..to Moyse & to Aarone: Hwi myrrað gyt þis folc fram heora weorcum?

c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 36 Þe rode merke merrð me ouer-al.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2254 (MED) Now we haue vs sped sa ferr Vr wil may he noght vs merr [a1400 Fairf. merre].

a1450 York Plays (1885) 436 Bot thowe, myghty Lorde, my mornyng mar! Mar ye, for it shulde me well pay, So happy to se hyme yf I warr.

c1480 (a1400) St. Mark 75 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 241 Sathanas sal nocht mare me.

a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. vii. 173 So thyk in stayll all marryt wolx the rout, Oneys mycht ony turn hys hand about To weyld his wappin.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/2 If these bordes shrinke, all my purpose is marred.

1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 109 Mouyng is marred, when..solution of continuitie is made.

1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 3 In case anie horseman..should bee wounded..his fighting for that day were marred.

1658 J. Durham Comm. Bk. Revelation 14 That..denomination of being mediator doth not marr us to pray to Him.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxv. 308 [He] had certainly dispatched him, if a large Brass Lamp which was burning over his Head, had not marred the Blow.

1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. L. Tieck in German Romance II. 121 ‘Then we shall see which of us is swifter’. ‘Done,’ said Mary, and began to run; ‘for we shall not mar one another by the way’ [Ger. so hindern wir uns auch nicht auf demselben Wege].

1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 653/2 [Glasgow regulations for Bowls.] If a bowl is accidentally marred by an opponent, it shall be in the option of the party playing to let it rest, or play it over again.

a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 15 Beide yow there an merr thir paips soontin doon the guitter.

2. transitive. To damage (a material thing) so as to render useless; to destroy or impair the quality of (an object); to produce a flaw or blemish in. Also (in early use): †to waste, squander (property) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)]

mareOE

shendOE

hinderc1000

amarOE

awemc1275

noyc1300

touchc1300

bleche1340

blemisha1375

spill1377

misdoa1387

grieve1390

damagea1400

despoil?a1400

matea1400

snapea1400

mankc1400

overthrowa1425

tamec1430

undermine1430

blunder1440

depaira1460

adommage?1473

endamage1477

prejudicec1487

fulyie1488

martyra1500

dyscrase?1504

corrupt1526

mangle1534

danger1538

destroy1542

spoil1563

ruinate1564

ruin1567

wrake1570

injury1579

bane1587

massacre1589

ravish1594

wrong1595

rifle1604

tainta1616

mutilea1618

to do violence toa1625

flaw1665

stun1676

quail1682

maul1694

moil1698

damnify1712

margullie1721

maul1782

buga1790

mux1806

queer1818

batter1840

puckeroo1840

rim-rack1841

pretty1868

garbage1899

savage1899

to do in1905

strafe1915

mash1924

blow1943

nuke1967

mung1969

eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xliv. 325 Ðylæs mon unnytlice mierre ðæt ðæt he hæbbe.

lOE Distichs of Cato (Trin. Cambr.) lxxii, in Anglia (1972) 90 14 Ne mer ðu ðæt ðu hæbbe, ðy læs þe geðearfige to oðres monnes.

a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) 73 Ne [heo] mynstres æhta ne utige, ne na myrre.

a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 28 (MED) He momeleþe & moccheþ ant marreþ is mawe.

c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 474 Þen wakened þe wyȝe of his wil dremes, and blusched to his wod-bynde þat broþely watz marred.

1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxxxviii. 120 Wyn taken ouer mesure..marreth and corrupteth the good blood.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 458/2 You have blotted this shete of paper so sore that it is marred.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 5700 But his shippes..rut on a Rocke, & rent all to peses, Þat mony was mard & the men drownet.

a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) VII. 40 Fishe Garths mare the Haven.

1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 1, in 2nd Pt. Herball The bathes of brimstone hurte the stomack and mar it.

1611 Bible (King James) Mark ii. 22 The wine is spilled, and the bottles will bee marred .

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxi. 252 Making markes vnder euery hard word in each page, without marring our bookes.

a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 86 There is ever some dead fly in our box, which marreth our ointment.

1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) iv. 52 Thunder mars small beer, and weak discourse.

a1848 R. W. Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. (1853) vii. 336 The vessel is so marred that it cannot be repaired.

1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 36 The breath is not the flute, Both together make the music; either marred and all is mute.

1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 25/1 These [directions for using paint remover] usually involve the spreading of the remover over the old paint with a cheap brush, leaving it for about half an hour and then scraping off the whole with a putty knife, care being taken not to mar the wood during the work.

1991 Fly Rod & Reel July 51/1 Some cosmetic hiccups—inconsistent widths of wrappings, varnish flaws—mar the appearance a bit but they don't affect performance.

†a. intransitive. To deteriorate; to spoil; to perish. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)]

marc1225

pairc1390

starvec1400

dispair1580

to go off1583

die1612

spoil1692

to go bad1799

to go wrong1882

to go in the tank1974

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 12 (MED) Þet ha [sc. wits] ne merren ne ne mealten þurh licome lustest [read lustes].

c1400 Patience 172 Lo, al synkes in his synne and for his sake marres.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 4 (MED) My mighte and my mayne es all marrande.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 638/1 The beste thyng in the worlde, if it be myskept, will marre in processe of tyme.

1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) i. sig. C4^v The Host..could not choose in that space but melt and marre.

b. transitive. To impair fatally, spoil, ruin (an enterprise, achievement, ability, intention, emotion, etc.). Often paired in proverbial antithesis with make (see make v.¹ 69b) or mend. Now frequently in somewhat weakened sense: to detract from the perfection or completeness of (a thing). Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally

atterc885

hurtc1200

marc1225

appair1297

impair1297

spilla1300

emblemishc1384

endull1395

blemishc1430

depaira1460

depravea1533

deform1533

envenom1533

vitiate1534

quail1551

impeach1563

subvert1565

craze1573

taint1573

spoil1578

endamage1579

qualify1584

stain1584

crack1590

ravish1594

interess1598

invitiate1598

corrupt1602

venom1621

depauperate1623

detriment1623

flaw1623

embase1625

ungold1637

murder1644

refract1646

depress1647

addle1652

sweal1655

butcher1659

shade1813

mess1823

puckeroo1840

untone1861

blue1880

queer1884

dick1972

forgar-

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 10 (MED) Adam & eue..merden ure cunde.

c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 38 Son se þu telest te betere þen an oðer..þu merrest þin meiðhad.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 17988 Harde haþ he werred me aȝayn, And myche marred of my mayn.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 188 It marres my myght.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 5^v Some wittes, moderate enough by nature, be many tymes marde by ouer moch studie.

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 5^v Galene saith, moch Musick marreth mens maners.

1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 4 An euill exposition marreth the text.

1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. iv. 12 It marreth the voice, bringing hoarsenes and a little cough.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 330 Striuing to better ought, we marre whats well.

1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. i. 23 It will marre all the mirth in the House.

1721 E. Young Revenge iv. i There they'll revel, and exult to find Him sleep so fast, who else would marr their joys.

a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 4 What God sees meet to mar, one will not be able to mend in his lot.

1744 J. Harris Three Treat. iii. i. 172 The Dread of them may marr the Rectitude of our Purposes.

1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 310 Ye novelists, who mar what ye would mend, Sniv'ling and driv'ling folly without end.

1833 H. Martineau Briery Creek v. 99 I cannot mar my satisfaction by groundless doubts.

1853 E. C. Gaskell Ruth III. i. 43 For the present she would neither meddle nor mar in Ruth's course of life.

c1865 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 121 I know I mar my cause with words: So be it; I must maim and mar.

1896 Notes & Queries 22 Feb. 160/1 Though marred by eccentricities and extravagances of language, the play has genuine dramatic fibre.

1937 W. S. Maugham Theatre i. 12 Not a wrinkle marred the smoothness of her skin.

1949 N. Mitford Love in Cold Climate iv. 235 Our friendship was marred by no tinge of jealousy.

1973 Observatory Apr. 66 This year our observations were unfortunately marred by a spell of fine weather.

1998 Gramophone Jan. 89/1 His warm, companionable baritone..is consistently a pleasure to hear, marred just occasionally by a hint of throatiness at forte level.

†c. transitive. to mar all: to act so as to prevent a project or operation from reaching fruition; to spoil everything, to act badly. to mar another's (also one's) market: see market n. 5c. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > do harm [verb (intransitive)] > spoil everything

to mar alla1475

to spoil all or everything1653

a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 51 Ȝif þou cast salt þer to, iwys, Þou marres alle so have I blis.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges ii. 19 Whan the iudge dyed, they turned backe, and marred all more then their fathers.

1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 22^v Mad braine to rough, marres all at plough.

1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia xii. 93 in J. Smith Map of Virginia As they had beene troublesome at sea, beganne againe to marre all ashore.

1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 16 He built..seven and forty Monasteries... But now his mixture of Vice marred all.

a. transitive. Originally: to do fatal or destructive bodily harm to (a person, limb, etc.). Later also: to mangle, disfigure, or scar.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)]

derec888

marc1275

hurt1297

shond1338

teenc1380

offendc1425

tamec1430

wreakc1440

supprisea1450

mischiefc1450

mischieve1465

wringa1529

strikea1535

danger1538

bemarc1540

violate1551

damnify?a1562

injury1579

aggrievea1716

crock1846

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1903 Vfele he [sc. a wrestler] hine mærde [c1300 Otho a-morde].

c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11150 Arðures men letten fleon vnimete flan. and merden [c1300 Otho morde] Irisc folc.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vi. 140 Goo backe agen, & marre not your horse about noughte.

1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aii^* Quhy has thow marrit my man with maistri to mene.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 598/2 And you heale his legge up afore you kyll the deed flesshe quyte you marre hym for ever.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. iii. C Wherfore do ye oppresse my people, and marre y^e faces of the innocentes?

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 5553 What mighty were marrit & martrid to dethe.

1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie viii. 21 You may kepe them from going out, and that other dogs do not byte them, or that they be troden vpon or marred with mens feete.

1656 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 59 I am confident..That if you mar the very Apple of their [sc. young swallows'] Eyes with a Needle, she shal recover them again.

1693 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (ed. 2) i. iv. 58 Those..Embryo's may by a violent cause be marred and deformed in the Womb.

1812 W. Scott Let. 17 Jan. (1932) III. 62 The watchword of these young heroes [sc. rioting apprentices]..was Mar him.

1846 R. C. Trench Christ Desire of All Nations vi. 110 Some limbs of his body broken off, and some marred and battered by the..waves.

1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid vi, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 286 Noble Deiphobus here he beholds, all mangled and marred.

c1930 Sc. National Dict. at Mar, v.² Mar him wi' a clouch, fell him with a stone.

b. transitive. To ruin, damage seriously (a person, a person's fortunes, etc.). Frequently in opposition to make (see make v.¹ 69b) or mend. Now archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > destroy or ruin a person

spillc950

amarOE

smitelOE

aspillc1175

mischievec1325

to bid (something) misadventurec1330

mara1375

fordoc1380

undo1390

wrack1564

to make roast meat of (also for)1565

wrake1567

wreck1590

speed1594

feeze1609

to do a person's business1667

cook1708

to settle a person's hash1795

diddle1806

to fix1836

raddle1951

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1171 (MED) Heiȝh king of heuene..ne fauore nouȝt so my [fo], þat falsly me so marres.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 237 (MED) The fende is wrothe with ȝou and me, And will ȝou marre if þat he may.

c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 720 Soche a maiden to mar þat þe most louet!

1560 T. Becon Sycke Mans Salve in Wks. II. f. 220^v Thys sycknesse hath vtterly marred me.

c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 66 Þe foles foundeden hem-self freres of the Pye..& marre þe puple.

1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 87 Mend your speech..Least it may mar your fortunes.

1611 Bible (King James) Jer. xiii. 9 After this maner will I marre the pride of Iudah.

1614 J. Chamberlain Let. 1 June (1939) I. 536 This parlement will mend him or quite marre him.

c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iii. 1152 But now this boy..doth all his fortunes marre.

1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxx. 67 The old Proverbe is verified, Pittie marreth the whole Cittie.

1901 R. Kipling Kim vii. 163 Draw out thy horoscope and say Which planet mends thy threadbare fate or mars!

1914 J. M. Barrie Admirable Crichton iv. 233 He can make or mar his unworthy Mary now. Have you any doubt of him?

c. transitive. To ruin or damage (a person) morally, to corrupt; (English regional) to spoil (a child) by indulgence. Cf. marred adj. Now archaic or historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > ruin or damage morally

perishc1390

marc1400

ruin1558

the mind > emotion > love > tenderness > foolish affection, excessive love or fondness > be infatuatedly fond or love to excess [verb (transitive)] > pet, indulge, or pamper > spoil (a child)

marc1400

spoil1694

c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 279 (MED) For þat þe maȝty on molde so marre þise oþer, Þat þe Wyȝe þat al wroȝt ful wroþly bygynnez.

c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 501 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 113 Þu has ne scham..þat..has lefit þi housband sc[h]amfully, & cumis here to mere me.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 483/1 You cherysshe this chylde so moche that you shal marre him.

1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 140 Maisters and scolmaisters..be ouer mekle..indulgence in bringing vp Thay mar thame quha ar committit to thair chairge.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. B3^v That it [sc. learning] doth marre and peruert mens dispositions for matter of gouernment and policie.

a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) xxiii. 153 Those that have these good abilities, must take heede of marrying [sic] themselves and defiling them by being proud of them.

1684 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 114 Digby Lord Gerard..was utterly mar'd by keeping company with base lewd fellowes.

1892 J. Hartley Halifax Clock Almanack 15 If aw say shoo's marrin him shoo'll say—‘Oh, fiddle.’

1983 P. Ackroyd Last Test. Oscar Wilde 158 If I failed, I would mar myself still further as a man.

1990 C. Palliser Quincunx 11 ‘Don't mar him, ma'am,’ she said.

II. To become confused or lost; to confuse.

†5. intransitive. To err, go astray; to be or become bewildered or confused. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > be mistaken, err [verb (intransitive)]

dwelec900

haltc900

marOE

slidea1000

misfangOE

missOE

to have wough?c1225

misnimc1225

misrekec1275

mis-startc1275

err1303

to go wrongc1340

misgo1340

slipc1340

snapperc1380

forvay1390

to miss of ——c1395

to make a balkc1430

to run in ——1496

trip1509

fault1530

mistake1548

misreckon1584

misstep1605

warpa1616

solecize1627

hallucinate1652

nod1677

to go will1724

to fare astray (misliche, amiss)a1849

slip1890

skid1920

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > be or become confused [verb (intransitive)]

wonder1297

confusec1350

maskera1375

studya1375

to annoy of?c1400

muse?c1430

marc1440

manga1450

puzzle1605

dunce1611

quandary1616

wavera1625

wilder1658

to scratch one's head1712

maffle1781

to strike up1844

turn1852

to fall over oneself1889

fuzz1930

to get the lines crossed1973

society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > miss one's way > be lost

maska1387

willc1390

mara1450

to lose one's way1530

to walk will of one's way1572

wilder1658

maroon1699

to get slewed1929

OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxii. 29 Erratis nescientes scribturas : gie merras uel ge duellas ge nuuton ða gewuriotto.

c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 110 It marrede, it mournede, it moyssede for made.

a1450 York Plays (1885) 470 (MED) Þat [drink] makis þer mynde to marre.

1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 22 Amang thay myrk Montanis sa madlie thay mer.

a1586 King Hart l. 104 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 257 All þat couth attene the castell neir It made þame for to mer amiss and mang.

6. transitive. To confuse, bewilder; to perplex, trouble; to grieve, distress, annoy. Now Scottish.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)]

bewhapec1320

mara1350

blunder?a1400

mada1425

to turn a person's brainc1440

astonish1530

maskc1540

dare1547

bemud1599

bedazea1605

dizzy1604

bemist1609

muddify1647

lose1649

bafflea1657

bewildera1680

bother?1718

bemuse1734

muddlea1748

flurrya1757

muzz1786

muzzle1796

flusker1841

haze1858

bemuddle1862

jitter1932

giggle-

a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 34 On molde y waxe mad, a maide marreþ me.

a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 884 (MED) He ferd as a mased man an marred neiȝ honde.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15725 Ful merred [a1400 Gött. marrid] war þai in þair mode.

c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 354 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 139 He..Is lyk a man þat merknes merryse.

?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection ii. 1054 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 207 To blame ye are, With this dedly sorow your-self to marre.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm5 But minds of mortal men are muchell mard, And mou'd amisse with massy mucks vnmeet regard.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 523 O mad monstour! marrit out of thi mynd.

1603 Philotus cxlviii. sig. F^v As ane out of his mynde or marrit, He hes mee of his hous debarrit.

1933 J. Gray Lowrie 85 Whaar wis I agen, doo mers me?

1949 Sc. National Dict. at Mar v.¹ 3 A'm no muckle marred.

1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. (at cited word) I wiss du widna spaek whin I'm coontin: du jöst mars me.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mar
释义	marn.¹ Brit. /mɑː/, U.S. /mɑr/ Forms: Middle English mer, Middle English mere, Middle English merre, 1500s marr, 1800s– mar; Scottish pre-1700 mer, pre-1700 mere, pre-1700 1700s–1800s marr, pre-1700 1700s– mar, pre-1700 1800s marre, 1900s– maar, 1900s– mer. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mar v. Etymology: < mar v. Compare Old English gemearr stumbling block, obstruction, error, cognate with mar v. †1. Chiefly Scottish. A hindrance, an obstruction; spec. a speech impediment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > defective or inarticulate speech > [noun] > a speech impediment leta1387 mara1400 impedimenta1513 a twist in one's tonguea1777 the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 67 (MED) For þan sal mede witouten mere be mette for dede, or bettur or were. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 24802 (MED) A gret resun wel sceu he cuth Wit-vten ani mer in muth. 1641 R. Baillie Lett. & Jrnls. (1841) I. 374 Lest anie rub or marr from this should come to him..[he] gave in a bill to have the matter cleared. 1655 R. Baillie Disswasive Vindic. 43 The main marre of their labour was the common error of Independency. 1721 Extracts Rec. Burgh Glasgow (1909) V. 114 The eastwall..is not straight, which may be a marr and hindrance in the streighting of the new street. 1786 Session Papers in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. (at cited word) [He] did not think she spoke so freely, but seemed to have a mar in her voice. 1824 J. Mactaggart Sc. Gallovidian Encycl. Maunt, to speak thick and fast; to have a marr in the speech. 2. A thing which mars or impairs something; a drawback to. Formerly also: †a fault (obsolete rare). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > imperfection > [noun] > an imperfection > defect or fault or flaw faultc1320 breckc1369 villainyc1400 offencec1425 defectc1450 defection1526 vitiosity1538 faintness1543 gall1545 eelist1549 mar1551 hole1553 blemish1555 wart1603 flaw1604 mulct1632 wound1646 failurea1656 misfeature1818 bug1875 out1886 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] burstc1000 harmOE scatheOE teenOE evil healc1175 waningc1175 hurt?c1225 quede?c1225 balec1275 damage1300 follyc1300 grill13.. ungain13.. torferc1325 eviltyc1330 wem1338 impairment1340 marring1357 unhend1377 sorrowc1380 pairingc1384 pairmentc1384 mischiefc1385 offencec1385 appairment1388 hindering1390 noyinga1398 bresta1400 envya1400 wemminga1400 gremec1400 wilc1400 blemishing1413 lesion?a1425 nocument?a1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 hindrance1436 detrimenta1440 ill1470 untroth1470 diversity1484 remordc1485 unhappinessc1485 grudge1491 wriguldy-wrag?1520 danger1530 dishort1535 perishment1540 wreaka1542 emperishment1545 impeachment1548 indemnity1556 impair1568 spoil1572 impeach1575 interestc1575 emblemishing1583 mishap1587 endamagement1593 blemishment1596 mischievance1600 damnificationa1631 oblesion1656 mishanter1754 vitiation1802 mar1876 jeel1887 1551 R. Ascham Let. 18 May in Eng. Wks. (1761) 384 I trust my will to write shall match the marrs I make in it. 1876 Duke of Edinburgh in Daily News 1 May 2/6 The only mar to the pleasure I feel in again hoisting the pennant. 1901 Pall Mall Mag. Sept. 70/1 It was no mar to the day for Roderic to share Miss Allan thus. 1931 P. S. Buck Good Earth xxx. 327 But across the lad's forehead and almost a mar to his beauty were his two black brows, too heavy and black for his young, pale face. 1987 M. Dorris Yellow Raft in Blue Water (1988) xix. 355 Even Polly..had to acknowledge it: my son was a beauty without mar. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Marn.² Brit. /mɑː/, U.S. /mɑr/ Forms: 1600s Mare, 1600s– Mar. Origin: A borrowing from Aramaic. Etymon: Aramaic mar. Etymology: < Aramaic mar ‘sir’; compare Syriac mārā lord, master, Mandaic mara, maria lord, master, owner. In the Syrian Orthodox Church and the Church of the East: a saint or a member of the higher clergy (used as an honorific title). ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > holiness > saint > [noun] hallowa885 sainta1300 apostlea1400 anointed1528 saintya1529 Holy One1535 holy1548 Mar1622 society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > [noun] bishopc893 prelate?c1225 prince of priests?c1225 high priestc1400 pontificala1450 emperor clerkc1475 gentleman untrial1486 dignitya1525 Aaron1565 hierarch1574 presul1577 monsignor1579 church governor1588 pontiff1589 archbishop1600 monseigneur1601 monsignor1611 sheikh1613 protomist1619 Mar1622 hyperochality1637 protarch1654 pontifex1655 prelatical1658 dignitary1672 hierophanta1676 Monsig.1698 ecclesiarch1781 arch-pontiff1790 Mgr1848 Msgr.1868 patriarch- 1622 T. Goad Let. (Tanner 290) f. 73 The fleeting Mare Antonio appeared at y^e appointed hour. 1694 M. Geddes tr. Hist. Church of Malabar 11 Their Bishop at that time..was one Mar Joseph, who..had been sent thither by Mar Audixa, Patriarch of Babylon. 1864 G. B. Howard Christians of St. Thomas iv. 154 In the year 1856 a certain Mar Athanasius Stephanos made his appearance,..claiming to be the rightful Metropolitan of the Christians of St. Thomas. 1892 G. M. Rae Syrian Church in India xix. 304 The first native of Malabar that ever received consecration..was Mar Athanasius Matthew. 1933 Downside Rev. 51 399 Fr Hugh Conolly was editing a number of Texts and Studies consisting of a translation of certain Syriac liturgical homilies of Mar Narsai, a fifth century Nestorian writer. 1956 N. Zernov Christian East ix. 103 In 1665 a Monophysite bishop, Mar Gregorius, arrived in South India from Palestine. 1964 P. F. Anson Bishops at Large 27 They have given themselves impressive ecclesiastical titles,..Hierarch, Mar, Metropolitan..and so on. 1972 Presbyterian Herald Jan. 20/2 As for the Mar Thoma (‘Lord Thomas’) Church, its title is unapostolic. 2003 Encycl. Brit. Online 23 Jan. at Nestorian The church survived a period of schism..and persecution..through the leadership of the patriarch Mar Aba I (reigned 540–552). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online March 2022). marv. Brit. /mɑː/, U.S. /mɑr/ Forms: Old English merran (Anglian), Old English mierran, Old English mirran, Old English myrran, late Old English mærran, early Middle English mære, early Middle English mearre, Middle English mare, Middle English mer, Middle English mere, Middle English merr, Middle English merre, Middle English mire, Middle English–1600s marre, Middle English–1700s (1800s– regional) marr, Middle English– mar; Scottish pre-1700 mare, pre-1700 marr, pre-1700 marre, pre-1700 mere, pre-1700 1700s– mar, pre-1700 1900s– mer, pre-1700 1900s– merr. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian mēra to hinder, Old Saxon merrian to cause to stumble or err, to hinder (Middle Low German merren to hinder), Middle Dutch merren to hinder, (intransitive) to loiter (see below), Old High German marren, merren to hinder, disturb (Middle High German merren to hinder), (intransitive) to linger, delay (see below), Gothic marzjan to cause to stumble, to offend.Middle English forms in -a- probably arise from Old English (Anglian) -æ- (as i-mutation of unbroken -a- ) as well as from the later Middle English development of -er- to -ar- . (Late Old English amærran amar v. and mærran (the latter the result of emendation) in the late manuscript of Ælfred's translation of Augustine's Soliloquies probably reflect a Kentish variant, with the common spelling of æ for e , as this text has a large admixture of Kentish forms.) A parallel formation from the same Germanic base appears as Old English mearrian to go astray, err. It also underlies Middle Dutch marren to hinder, to loiter (Dutch marren to loiter), Middle High German marren to linger, loiter, but these originally distinct forms fell together phonetically with the forms described above, leaving only a distinction of transitivity. Old Icelandic merja to bruise, crush, is cited by N.E.D. (1905) s.v. as a cognate, but this is implausible on phonetic grounds (a form in -rr- would be expected), and any relationship is likely to be more distant, although the influence of Scandinavian on the sense development in English cannot be ruled out. The Germanic word from which mearrian is derived was adopted into the Romance languages, probably via post-classical Latin marrire to thwart, infringe (early 9th cent.), as Old French marrir to lose (one's way), to lead astray, perplex, afflict, distress (c1165; modern French only in past participle marri saddened, upset), Anglo-Norman marrir to vex, distress (compare senses 5 and 6, on which the Anglo-Norman and Old French word perhaps had some influence), Old Occitan, Occitan marrir to afflict, lose, go astray (also Occitan marrit bad, confused), Italian smarrire to bewilder (13th cent.), Spanish †marrido (adjective) grieved (1207). The Germanic base is perhaps further related to Sanskrit marṣaya, causative of mṛṣ to forget, Armenian moṙanam (I) forget, Lithuanian užmiršti, Latvian aizmirst to forget; the Indo-European base may have had a wider sense than that preserved in these languages. Other connections have also been proposed, but are not widely accepted. I. To hamper or hinder; to impair or damage. 1. transitive. To hamper, hinder, interfere with, interrupt, or stop (a person, event, etc.). Now Scottish. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > types or manners of hindrance > hinder in specific manner [verb (transitive)] > by interference mareOE disturbc1386 annoyc1405 interrupta1420 ail1499 blent1530 forelay1571 intervene1588 intervent1600 interpose1615 disrupt1817 derange1848 to put a crimp in (also into, on)1889 crab1899 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) lix. 453 Se screnc[ð] ðone blindan, ðe ðone ungesceadwisan mirð mid ðy ðe he his god degel[l]ice deð, & ðeah licet swelce he yfel do. OE Old Eng. Hexateuch: Exod. (Claud.) v. 4 Ða cwæð Farao..to Moyse & to Aarone: Hwi myrrað gyt þis folc fram heora weorcum? c1225 (?c1200) St. Margaret (Bodl.) (1934) 36 Þe rode merke merrð me ouer-al. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 2254 (MED) Now we haue vs sped sa ferr Vr wil may he noght vs merr [a1400 Fairf. merre]. a1450 York Plays (1885) 436 Bot thowe, myghty Lorde, my mornyng mar! Mar ye, for it shulde me well pay, So happy to se hyme yf I warr. c1480 (a1400) St. Mark 75 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 241 Sathanas sal nocht mare me. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid (1959) x. vii. 173 So thyk in stayll all marryt wolx the rout, Oneys mycht ony turn hys hand about To weyld his wappin. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 705/2 If these bordes shrinke, all my purpose is marred. 1578 J. Banister Hist. Man viii. f. 109 Mouyng is marred, when..solution of continuitie is made. 1590 J. Smythe Certain Disc. Weapons 3 In case anie horseman..should bee wounded..his fighting for that day were marred. 1658 J. Durham Comm. Bk. Revelation 14 That..denomination of being mediator doth not marr us to pray to Him. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxv. 308 [He] had certainly dispatched him, if a large Brass Lamp which was burning over his Head, had not marred the Blow. 1827 T. Carlyle tr. J. L. Tieck in German Romance II. 121 ‘Then we shall see which of us is swifter’. ‘Done,’ said Mary, and began to run; ‘for we shall not mar one another by the way’ [Ger. so hindern wir uns auch nicht auf demselben Wege]. 1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 653/2 [Glasgow regulations for Bowls.] If a bowl is accidentally marred by an opponent, it shall be in the option of the party playing to let it rest, or play it over again. a1917 E. C. Smith Braid Haaick (1927) 15 Beide yow there an merr thir paips soontin doon the guitter. 2. transitive. To damage (a material thing) so as to render useless; to destroy or impair the quality of (an object); to produce a flaw or blemish in. Also (in early use): †to waste, squander (property) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > damage > damage or injure [verb (transitive)] mareOE shendOE hinderc1000 amarOE awemc1275 noyc1300 touchc1300 bleche1340 blemisha1375 spill1377 misdoa1387 grieve1390 damagea1400 despoil?a1400 matea1400 snapea1400 mankc1400 overthrowa1425 tamec1430 undermine1430 blunder1440 depaira1460 adommage?1473 endamage1477 prejudicec1487 fulyie1488 martyra1500 dyscrase?1504 corrupt1526 mangle1534 danger1538 destroy1542 spoil1563 ruinate1564 ruin1567 wrake1570 injury1579 bane1587 massacre1589 ravish1594 wrong1595 rifle1604 tainta1616 mutilea1618 to do violence toa1625 flaw1665 stun1676 quail1682 maul1694 moil1698 damnify1712 margullie1721 maul1782 buga1790 mux1806 queer1818 batter1840 puckeroo1840 rim-rack1841 pretty1868 garbage1899 savage1899 to do in1905 strafe1915 mash1924 blow1943 nuke1967 mung1969 eOE King Ælfred tr. Gregory Pastoral Care (Hatton) (1871) xliv. 325 Ðylæs mon unnytlice mierre ðæt ðæt he hæbbe. lOE Distichs of Cato (Trin. Cambr.) lxxii, in Anglia (1972) 90 14 Ne mer ðu ðæt ðu hæbbe, ðy læs þe geðearfige to oðres monnes. a1225 ( Rule St. Benet (Winteney) (1888) 73 Ne [heo] mynstres æhta ne utige, ne na myrre. a1350 in R. H. Robbins Hist. Poems 14th & 15th Cent. (1959) 28 (MED) He momeleþe & moccheþ ant marreþ is mawe. c1400 (?c1380) Patience l. 474 Þen wakened þe wyȝe of his wil dremes, and blusched to his wod-bynde þat broþely watz marred. 1484 W. Caxton tr. G. de la Tour-Landry Bk. Knight of Tower (1971) lxxxviii. 120 Wyn taken ouer mesure..marreth and corrupteth the good blood. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 458/2 You have blotted this shete of paper so sore that it is marred. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 5700 But his shippes..rut on a Rocke, & rent all to peses, Þat mony was mard & the men drownet. a1552 J. Leland Itinerary (1711) VII. 40 Fishe Garths mare the Haven. 1562 W. Turner Bk. Natures Bathes Eng. f. 1, in 2nd Pt. Herball The bathes of brimstone hurte the stomack and mar it. 1611 Bible (King James) Mark ii. 22 The wine is spilled, and the bottles will bee marred . View more context for this quotation 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. xxi. 252 Making markes vnder euery hard word in each page, without marring our bookes. a1677 I. Barrow Serm. Several Occasions (1678) 86 There is ever some dead fly in our box, which marreth our ointment. 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) iv. 52 Thunder mars small beer, and weak discourse. a1848 R. W. Hamilton Rewards & Punishm. (1853) vii. 336 The vessel is so marred that it cannot be repaired. 1878 R. Browning La Saisiaz 36 The breath is not the flute, Both together make the music; either marred and all is mute. 1925 Woman's World (Chicago) Apr. 25/1 These [directions for using paint remover] usually involve the spreading of the remover over the old paint with a cheap brush, leaving it for about half an hour and then scraping off the whole with a putty knife, care being taken not to mar the wood during the work. 1991 Fly Rod & Reel July 51/1 Some cosmetic hiccups—inconsistent widths of wrappings, varnish flaws—mar the appearance a bit but they don't affect performance. 3. †a. intransitive. To deteriorate; to spoil; to perish. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > condition of matter > bad condition of matter > deteriorate in condition [verb (intransitive)] marc1225 pairc1390 starvec1400 dispair1580 to go off1583 die1612 spoil1692 to go bad1799 to go wrong1882 to go in the tank1974 c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 12 (MED) Þet ha [sc. wits] ne merren ne ne mealten þurh licome lustest [read lustes]. c1400 Patience 172 Lo, al synkes in his synne and for his sake marres. a1450 York Plays (1885) 4 (MED) My mighte and my mayne es all marrande. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 638/1 The beste thyng in the worlde, if it be myskept, will marre in processe of tyme. 1623 C. Butler Feminine Monarchie (rev. ed.) i. sig. C4^v The Host..could not choose in that space but melt and marre. b. transitive. To impair fatally, spoil, ruin (an enterprise, achievement, ability, intention, emotion, etc.). Often paired in proverbial antithesis with make (see make v.¹ 69b) or mend. Now frequently in somewhat weakened sense: to detract from the perfection or completeness of (a thing). Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > cause or effect (harm) [verb (transitive)] > do harm or injury to > affect detrimentally atterc885 hurtc1200 marc1225 appair1297 impair1297 spilla1300 emblemishc1384 endull1395 blemishc1430 depaira1460 depravea1533 deform1533 envenom1533 vitiate1534 quail1551 impeach1563 subvert1565 craze1573 taint1573 spoil1578 endamage1579 qualify1584 stain1584 crack1590 ravish1594 interess1598 invitiate1598 corrupt1602 venom1621 depauperate1623 detriment1623 flaw1623 embase1625 ungold1637 murder1644 refract1646 depress1647 addle1652 sweal1655 butcher1659 shade1813 mess1823 puckeroo1840 untone1861 blue1880 queer1884 dick1972 forgar- c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 10 (MED) Adam & eue..merden ure cunde. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 38 Son se þu telest te betere þen an oðer..þu merrest þin meiðhad. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 17988 Harde haþ he werred me aȝayn, And myche marred of my mayn. a1450 York Plays (1885) 188 It marres my myght. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 5^v Some wittes, moderate enough by nature, be many tymes marde by ouer moch studie. a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 5^v Galene saith, moch Musick marreth mens maners. 1579 W. Wilkinson Confut. Familye of Loue f. 4 An euill exposition marreth the text. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. iv. 12 It marreth the voice, bringing hoarsenes and a little cough. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear iv. 330 Striuing to better ought, we marre whats well. View more context for this quotation 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. i. 23 It will marre all the mirth in the House. 1721 E. Young Revenge iv. i There they'll revel, and exult to find Him sleep so fast, who else would marr their joys. a1732 T. Boston Crook in Lot (1805) 4 What God sees meet to mar, one will not be able to mend in his lot. 1744 J. Harris Three Treat. iii. i. 172 The Dread of them may marr the Rectitude of our Purposes. 1780 W. Cowper Progress of Error 310 Ye novelists, who mar what ye would mend, Sniv'ling and driv'ling folly without end. 1833 H. Martineau Briery Creek v. 99 I cannot mar my satisfaction by groundless doubts. 1853 E. C. Gaskell Ruth III. i. 43 For the present she would neither meddle nor mar in Ruth's course of life. c1865 G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 121 I know I mar my cause with words: So be it; I must maim and mar. 1896 Notes & Queries 22 Feb. 160/1 Though marred by eccentricities and extravagances of language, the play has genuine dramatic fibre. 1937 W. S. Maugham Theatre i. 12 Not a wrinkle marred the smoothness of her skin. 1949 N. Mitford Love in Cold Climate iv. 235 Our friendship was marred by no tinge of jealousy. 1973 Observatory Apr. 66 This year our observations were unfortunately marred by a spell of fine weather. 1998 Gramophone Jan. 89/1 His warm, companionable baritone..is consistently a pleasure to hear, marred just occasionally by a hint of throatiness at forte level. †c. transitive. to mar all: to act so as to prevent a project or operation from reaching fruition; to spoil everything, to act badly. to mar another's (also one's) market: see market n. 5c. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > do harm [verb (intransitive)] > spoil everything to mar alla1475 to spoil all or everything1653 a1475 Liber Cocorum (Sloane) (1862) 51 Ȝif þou cast salt þer to, iwys, Þou marres alle so have I blis. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Judges ii. 19 Whan the iudge dyed, they turned backe, and marred all more then their fathers. 1573 T. Tusser Fiue Hundreth Points Good Husbandry (new ed.) f. 22^v Mad braine to rough, marres all at plough. 1612 W. Symonds Proc. Eng. Colonie Virginia xii. 93 in J. Smith Map of Virginia As they had beene troublesome at sea, beganne againe to marre all ashore. 1643 R. Baker Chron. Kings of Eng. i. 16 He built..seven and forty Monasteries... But now his mixture of Vice marred all. 4. a. transitive. Originally: to do fatal or destructive bodily harm to (a person, limb, etc.). Later also: to mangle, disfigure, or scar. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > injure [verb (transitive)] derec888 marc1275 hurt1297 shond1338 teenc1380 offendc1425 tamec1430 wreakc1440 supprisea1450 mischiefc1450 mischieve1465 wringa1529 strikea1535 danger1538 bemarc1540 violate1551 damnify?a1562 injury1579 aggrievea1716 crock1846 c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1903 Vfele he [sc. a wrestler] hine mærde [c1300 Otho a-morde]. c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 11150 Arðures men letten fleon vnimete flan. and merden [c1300 Otho morde] Irisc folc. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Foure Sonnes of Aymon (1885) vi. 140 Goo backe agen, & marre not your horse about noughte. 1508 Golagros & Gawane (Chepman & Myllar) sig. aii^* Quhy has thow marrit my man with maistri to mene. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 598/2 And you heale his legge up afore you kyll the deed flesshe quyte you marre hym for ever. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Isa. iii. C Wherfore do ye oppresse my people, and marre y^e faces of the innocentes? c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 5553 What mighty were marrit & martrid to dethe. 1575 G. Gascoigne Noble Arte Venerie viii. 21 You may kepe them from going out, and that other dogs do not byte them, or that they be troden vpon or marred with mens feete. 1656 N. Culpeper Eng. Physitian Enlarged 59 I am confident..That if you mar the very Apple of their [sc. young swallows'] Eyes with a Needle, she shal recover them again. 1693 J. Ray Three Physico-theol. Disc. (ed. 2) i. iv. 58 Those..Embryo's may by a violent cause be marred and deformed in the Womb. 1812 W. Scott Let. 17 Jan. (1932) III. 62 The watchword of these young heroes [sc. rioting apprentices]..was Mar him. 1846 R. C. Trench Christ Desire of All Nations vi. 110 Some limbs of his body broken off, and some marred and battered by the..waves. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid vi, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 286 Noble Deiphobus here he beholds, all mangled and marred. c1930 Sc. National Dict. at Mar, v.² Mar him wi' a clouch, fell him with a stone. b. transitive. To ruin, damage seriously (a person, a person's fortunes, etc.). Frequently in opposition to make (see make v.¹ 69b) or mend. Now archaic. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > destroy or ruin a person spillc950 amarOE smitelOE aspillc1175 mischievec1325 to bid (something) misadventurec1330 mara1375 fordoc1380 undo1390 wrack1564 to make roast meat of (also for)1565 wrake1567 wreck1590 speed1594 feeze1609 to do a person's business1667 cook1708 to settle a person's hash1795 diddle1806 to fix1836 raddle1951 a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 1171 (MED) Heiȝh king of heuene..ne fauore nouȝt so my [fo], þat falsly me so marres. a1450 York Plays (1885) 237 (MED) The fende is wrothe with ȝou and me, And will ȝou marre if þat he may. c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 720 Soche a maiden to mar þat þe most louet! 1560 T. Becon Sycke Mans Salve in Wks. II. f. 220^v Thys sycknesse hath vtterly marred me. c1600 (?c1395) Pierce Ploughman's Crede (Trin. Cambr. R.3.15) (1873) 66 Þe foles foundeden hem-self freres of the Pye..& marre þe puple. 1608 W. Shakespeare King Lear i. 87 Mend your speech..Least it may mar your fortunes. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Jer. xiii. 9 After this maner will I marre the pride of Iudah. View more context for this quotation 1614 J. Chamberlain Let. 1 June (1939) I. 536 This parlement will mend him or quite marre him. c1616 R. C. Times' Whistle (1871) iii. 1152 But now this boy..doth all his fortunes marre. 1622 R. Hawkins Observ. Voiage South Sea xxx. 67 The old Proverbe is verified, Pittie marreth the whole Cittie. 1901 R. Kipling Kim vii. 163 Draw out thy horoscope and say Which planet mends thy threadbare fate or mars! 1914 J. M. Barrie Admirable Crichton iv. 233 He can make or mar his unworthy Mary now. Have you any doubt of him? c. transitive. To ruin or damage (a person) morally, to corrupt; (English regional) to spoil (a child) by indulgence. Cf. marred adj. Now archaic or historical. ΘΚΠ society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] > ruin or damage morally perishc1390 marc1400 ruin1558 the mind > emotion > love > tenderness > foolish affection, excessive love or fondness > be infatuatedly fond or love to excess [verb (transitive)] > pet, indulge, or pamper > spoil (a child) marc1400 spoil1694 c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) 279 (MED) For þat þe maȝty on molde so marre þise oþer, Þat þe Wyȝe þat al wroȝt ful wroþly bygynnez. c1480 (a1400) St. Theodora 501 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) II. 113 Þu has ne scham..þat..has lefit þi housband sc[h]amfully, & cumis here to mere me. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 483/1 You cherysshe this chylde so moche that you shal marre him. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 140 Maisters and scolmaisters..be ouer mekle..indulgence in bringing vp Thay mar thame quha ar committit to thair chairge. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. B3^v That it [sc. learning] doth marre and peruert mens dispositions for matter of gouernment and policie. View more context for this quotation a1639 W. Whately Prototypes (1640) xxiii. 153 Those that have these good abilities, must take heede of marrying [sic] themselves and defiling them by being proud of them. 1684 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 114 Digby Lord Gerard..was utterly mar'd by keeping company with base lewd fellowes. 1892 J. Hartley Halifax Clock Almanack 15 If aw say shoo's marrin him shoo'll say—‘Oh, fiddle.’ 1983 P. Ackroyd Last Test. Oscar Wilde 158 If I failed, I would mar myself still further as a man. 1990 C. Palliser Quincunx 11 ‘Don't mar him, ma'am,’ she said. II. To become confused or lost; to confuse. †5. intransitive. To err, go astray; to be or become bewildered or confused. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > be mistaken, err [verb (intransitive)] dwelec900 haltc900 marOE slidea1000 misfangOE missOE to have wough?c1225 misnimc1225 misrekec1275 mis-startc1275 err1303 to go wrongc1340 misgo1340 slipc1340 snapperc1380 forvay1390 to miss of ——c1395 to make a balkc1430 to run in ——1496 trip1509 fault1530 mistake1548 misreckon1584 misstep1605 warpa1616 solecize1627 hallucinate1652 nod1677 to go will1724 to fare astray (misliche, amiss)a1849 slip1890 skid1920 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > perplexity, bewilderment > be or become confused [verb (intransitive)] wonder1297 confusec1350 maskera1375 studya1375 to annoy of?c1400 muse?c1430 marc1440 manga1450 puzzle1605 dunce1611 quandary1616 wavera1625 wilder1658 to scratch one's head1712 maffle1781 to strike up1844 turn1852 to fall over oneself1889 fuzz1930 to get the lines crossed1973 society > travel > aspects of travel > travel in specific course or direction > direct one's course [verb (intransitive)] > miss one's way > be lost maska1387 willc1390 mara1450 to lose one's way1530 to walk will of one's way1572 wilder1658 maroon1699 to get slewed1929 OE (Northumbrian) Lindisf. Gospels: Matt. xxii. 29 Erratis nescientes scribturas : gie merras uel ge duellas ge nuuton ða gewuriotto. c1440 (a1400) Awntyrs Arthure (Thornton) 110 It marrede, it mournede, it moyssede for made. a1450 York Plays (1885) 470 (MED) Þat [drink] makis þer mynde to marre. 1572 (a1500) Taill of Rauf Coilȝear (1882) 22 Amang thay myrk Montanis sa madlie thay mer. a1586 King Hart l. 104 in W. A. Craigie Maitland Folio MS (1919) I. 257 All þat couth attene the castell neir It made þame for to mer amiss and mang. 6. transitive. To confuse, bewilder; to perplex, trouble; to grieve, distress, annoy. Now Scottish. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > inattention > mental wandering > confuse, bewilder [verb (transitive)] bewhapec1320 mara1350 blunder?a1400 mada1425 to turn a person's brainc1440 astonish1530 maskc1540 dare1547 bemud1599 bedazea1605 dizzy1604 bemist1609 muddify1647 lose1649 bafflea1657 bewildera1680 bother?1718 bemuse1734 muddlea1748 flurrya1757 muzz1786 muzzle1796 flusker1841 haze1858 bemuddle1862 jitter1932 giggle- a1350 in G. L. Brook Harley Lyrics (1968) 34 On molde y waxe mad, a maide marreþ me. a1375 (c1350) William of Palerne (1867) 884 (MED) He ferd as a mased man an marred neiȝ honde. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) 15725 Ful merred [a1400 Gött. marrid] war þai in þair mode. c1480 (a1400) St. Thomas Apostle 354 in W. M. Metcalfe Legends Saints Sc. Dial. (1896) I. 139 He..Is lyk a man þat merknes merryse. ?a1525 (c1450) Christ's Burial & Resurrection ii. 1054 in F. J. Furnivall Digby Plays (1896) 207 To blame ye are, With this dedly sorow your-self to marre. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. x. sig. Mm5 But minds of mortal men are muchell mard, And mou'd amisse with massy mucks vnmeet regard. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 523 O mad monstour! marrit out of thi mynd. 1603 Philotus cxlviii. sig. F^v As ane out of his mynde or marrit, He hes mee of his hous debarrit. 1933 J. Gray Lowrie 85 Whaar wis I agen, doo mers me? 1949 Sc. National Dict. at Mar v.¹ 3 A'm no muckle marred. 1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. (at cited word) I wiss du widna spaek whin I'm coontin: du jöst mars me. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2000; most recently modified version published online June 2022). > see also also refers to : mar-comb. form < n.¹a1400n.²1622v.eOE see also
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marn.1

Marn.2

marv.

> see also

marn.¹

Marn.²