mastoidadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈmastɔɪd/, U.S.

/ˈmæˌstɔɪd/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mastoides.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin mastoides (17th cent. or earlier; the Greek word occurs untransliterated in A. Vesalius De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1542)) < ancient Greek μαστοειδής like a breast (in Hellenistic Greek used specifically in μαστοειδεῖς ἀποϕύσεις mastoid processes (Galen)) < μαστός breast (see masto- comb. form²) + -ειδής (compare -oid suffix). Compare Middle French, French mastoïde (1575 in apophyse mastoïde ; 1803 in sense A. 1b), post-classical Latin processus mastoides (listed in B. Castelli Lexicon Medicum (1713) as occurring earlier).

Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology.

A. adj.

I. Relating to part of the temporal bone of the skull.

a. mastoid process n. a conical projection from the posterior part of the temporal bone of the human skull, located behind the ear and containing air cavities communicating with the middle ear. Also: the homologous structure in other mammals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of temple

squamous bone?1541

temporal?1541

shaft1552

vaginal process1726

mastoid process1732

supertemporal1834

mastoid1840

stylohyal1846

squamosal1848

squamosal bone1849

tympanohyal1873

1732 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones (ed. 2) 100 Into the mastoid Process the Sterno-mastoideus Muscle is inserted.

1797 Encycl. Brit. I. 681/2 The stylo-mastoid hole, so called from its situation between the styloid and mastoid processes.

1848 R. Owen On Archetype & Homologies Vertebr. Skeleton 34 The process of no. 8 resembles the mastoid process of mammalia.

1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 81 Leeches being applied to both ears, and cups over the mastoid processes.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 940/1 The sinus curves downward and forward toward the tip of the mastoid process.

1973 W. Barlow Alexander Princ. iii. 41 The vestibular apparatus..lies inside the skull, internal to the mastoid process.

b. mastoid bone n. the posterior portion of the temporal bone in humans and other mammals, which includes the mastoid process. Formerly also: † designating any of several bones of the skull in other vertebrates, regarded as homologous with this part of the temporal bone (obsolete). Also (chiefly in Medicine): = mastoid process n. at sense A. 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of)

grate1481

pharyngeal1791

suboperculum1818

supratemporal1834

shackle-joint1837

mastoid1840

wrist1840

mastoid bone1841

subopercular1841

mesotympanic1846

suprascapula1846

hypobranchials1848

hypotympanic1848

urohyal1848

radius1854

epicentral1866

pterotic1866

mesocoracoid1868

supraclavicle1868

precoracoid1869

symplectic1870

hypural1871

mesopterygoid1871

post-temporal1871

postclavicle1872

brachial1873

urostyle1875

hypercoracoid1876

admaxillary1885

intercalarium1887

palatopterygoquadrate1888

subtectal1888

Weberian apparatus1889

Weberian ossicles1889

radial1890

supracleithrum1903

the world > animals > reptiles > [noun] > parts of > bones of

tarsus1676

mastoid1840

mastoid bone1841

postorbital1852

sclerotal1854

quadrate bone1858

quadrate1863

transpalatine1891

osteoderm1898

suprascapula2004

1841 R. E. Grant Outl. Compar. Anat. 84 Anterior to the mastoid bones are the upper portions of the tympanic bones.

1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 57 The formation..is completed by the mastoid and parietal bones.

1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) x. 162 Spread [of organisms] may also extend to the air cells of the mastoid bone to produce mastoiditis.

1994 P. J. Morris & R. A. Malt Oxf. Textbk. Surg. II. 2253/1 The temporal bone is made up of five parts: the typanic bone, squamous bone, petrous bone, mastoid bone, and zygomatic bone.

a. gen. Of, relating to, or connected with the mastoid process or mastoid bone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [adjective] > rounded projection

nodous1646

tuberous1650

papillar1651

verrucous1656

capitate1661

clavate1661

papillary1667

warty1693

tuberculated1696

papillous1718

tubercular1719

clavated1728

tuberculous1732

mammillated1744

tubercled1746

papillose1752

torulous1752

tuberculose1752

tuberculate1777

tubercle-like1792

mastoid1800

tuberculiferous1802

ventricose1804

torulose1806

papillated?a1808

tuberculiform1817

bullated1822

nodulous1822

tuberiform1822

nodulated1824

papilliform1824

mammular1826

papilliferous1826

nodulose1828

knuckled1842

mamelonated1843

tuberculoid1853

papillate1857

mammilloid1859

tuberculosquamous1866

bosselated1873

papulate1876

bulbar1878

tubero-cystic1879

mammulose1889

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > bones of temple

sternomastic1745

stylomastoid1797

mastoid1800

mastoidean1824

mastoidal1828

mastoideal1828

stylohyoid1840

paroccipital1849

bitemporal1850

squamosal1863

stylohyal1880

1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 9 The cavity of the tympanum, where the mastoid cells open.

1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 310 An excess of muscular action, particularly of the mastoid muscle.

1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 734/1 The outer and posterior extremity of the petrous is confounded with the mastoid and squamoid portions.

1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 823/2 The mastoid cells or air-sinuses.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 276 The abscess was secondary to mastoid disease.

1902 A. Thomson in D. J. Cunningham Text-bk. Anat. 116 The middle ear..opens into the mastoid antrum and mastoid air-cells by the aditus ad antrum.

1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 256 The glands of the cervical, mastoid, and occipital regions are particularly affected.

1954 G. C. Kent Compar. Anat. Vertebr. vii. 245 The mastoid portion and tympanic bulla are mammalian innovations.

1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 12 Aug. 366/2 The important histopathological changes in chronic suppurative middle ear and mastoid disease.

1998 Arch. Otol.: Head & Neck Surg. 118 743 Management of a large mastoid defect resulting from skull base operations or extensive surgical procedures..continues to challenge the otologic surgeon.

b. mastoid antrum n. [after scientific Latin antrum mastoideum (1777 or earlier); compare French antre mastoïdien (1855)] (in the human skull) a cavity within the petrous portion of the temporal bone, communicating with the air cells of the mastoid process and with the middle ear; (also) a homologous cavity in the skull of other vertebrates.

ΚΠ

1873 D. B. St. J. Roosa Pract. Treat. Dis. Ear ix. 207 It [sc. the mastoid process at birth] is a small tuberosity, and contains but one cell of any considerable size, which afterwards becomes the mastoid antrum.

1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 1295 On the upper part of its anterior wall is an opening, the aditus to the mastoid antrum.

2008 Jrnl. Vertebr. Paleontol. 28 389/2 This region forms part of the pneumatic system of the skull, draining the mastoid antrum into the rhomboid sinus.

II. Resembling a breast or nipple.

†3. mastoid cancer n. Pathology a firm, fleshy tumour having a cut surface thought to resemble breast or udder tissue; cf. mammary sarcoma at mammary adj. 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > cancer > types of

soft cancer1804

soot-wart?1810

melanosis1826

mastoid cancer1846

skin cancer1847

cancroid1854

epithelioma1872

soot-cancer1878

scirrhus1881

chimney-sweep's cancer1888

peau d'orange1896

pigskin1898

medullary carcinoma1926

1846 W. H. Walshe Nature & Treatm. Cancer 10 (table) Mastoid cancer.

1878 F. J. Gant Sci. & Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. ii. 159 The varieties of Encephaloid are—‘mastoid’ cancer, so named from its resembling, on section, the boiled udder of a cow.

4. gen. Shaped like a breast or nipple.

ΚΠ

1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen-flora 453 Apothecia innate in prominent mastoid thalline tubercles.

1877 L. Palma di Cesnola Cyprus ii. 66 A mastoid or breast-shaped hill.

1971 R. E. Witt Isis xiii. 167 In his charge also is the golden pitcher with a mastoid curvature.

B. n.

1. The mastoid process or bone.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of)

grate1481

pharyngeal1791

suboperculum1818

supratemporal1834

shackle-joint1837

mastoid1840

wrist1840

mastoid bone1841

subopercular1841

mesotympanic1846

suprascapula1846

hypobranchials1848

hypotympanic1848

urohyal1848

radius1854

epicentral1866

pterotic1866

mesocoracoid1868

supraclavicle1868

precoracoid1869

symplectic1870

hypural1871

mesopterygoid1871

post-temporal1871

postclavicle1872

brachial1873

urostyle1875

hypercoracoid1876

admaxillary1885

intercalarium1887

palatopterygoquadrate1888

subtectal1888

Weberian apparatus1889

Weberian ossicles1889

radial1890

supracleithrum1903

the world > animals > reptiles > [noun] > parts of > bones of

tarsus1676

mastoid1840

mastoid bone1841

postorbital1852

sclerotal1854

quadrate bone1858

quadrate1863

transpalatine1891

osteoderm1898

suprascapula2004

the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of temple

squamous bone?1541

temporal?1541

shaft1552

vaginal process1726

mastoid process1732

supertemporal1834

mastoid1840

stylohyal1846

squamosal1848

squamosal bone1849

tympanohyal1873

1679 Sir T. Browne Let. 10 Mar. in Wks. (1931) VI. 112 I doubt fewe have attempted that course which hee also proposeth agaynst the Tinnitus and noyse in the eares; that is to perforate the mastoides and so to afford a vent & passage unto the tremultuating spirits & winds.]

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum 23 The mastoid portion forms the posterior part of the bone.

1846 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Vertebr. Animals v. 93 The second ring of bones [of a fish's skull]..includes..the ‘parietals’, and the ‘mastoids’.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 45 The method may be supplemented by placing a pole on each mastoid for a few minutes.

1995 Anesthesia & Analgesia 80 499/1 Auditory evoked potentials were recorded before and 5 min after every sufentamil dose on vertex (positive) and mastoids on both sides (negative).

2. colloquial. Mastoiditis.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of ear > [noun] > inflammation

otitis1772

labyrinthitis1834

otitis externa1837

otitis interna1839

tympanitis1842

myringitis1857

otitis media1874

mastoiditis1881

mastoid1934

aerotitis media1937

aviator's ear1937

1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Mastoid,..Colloq., mastoiditis.

1956 C. P. Snow Homecomings x. 76 He had been trying all ways to get into uniform, but he kept being turned down because he had once had an operation for mastoid.

1987 R. Ellmann Oscar Wilde (1988) i. 10 Even today surgeons use the terms ‘[William] Wilde's incision’ for mastoid, ‘Wilde's cone of light’ and ‘Wilde's cords’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mastoid
释义	mastoidadj.n. Brit. /ˈmastɔɪd/, U.S. /ˈmæˌstɔɪd/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin mastoides. Etymology: < post-classical Latin mastoides (17th cent. or earlier; the Greek word occurs untransliterated in A. Vesalius De Humani Corporis Fabrica (1542)) < ancient Greek μαστοειδής like a breast (in Hellenistic Greek used specifically in μαστοειδεῖς ἀποϕύσεις mastoid processes (Galen)) < μαστός breast (see masto- comb. form²) + -ειδής (compare -oid suffix). Compare Middle French, French mastoïde (1575 in apophyse mastoïde ; 1803 in sense A. 1b), post-classical Latin processus mastoides (listed in B. Castelli Lexicon Medicum (1713) as occurring earlier). Chiefly Anatomy and Zoology. A. adj. I. Relating to part of the temporal bone of the skull. 1. a. mastoid process n. a conical projection from the posterior part of the temporal bone of the human skull, located behind the ear and containing air cavities communicating with the middle ear. Also: the homologous structure in other mammals. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of temple squamous bone?1541 temporal?1541 shaft1552 vaginal process1726 mastoid process1732 supertemporal1834 mastoid1840 stylohyal1846 squamosal1848 squamosal bone1849 tympanohyal1873 1732 A. Monro Anat. Humane Bones (ed. 2) 100 Into the mastoid Process the Sterno-mastoideus Muscle is inserted. 1797 Encycl. Brit. I. 681/2 The stylo-mastoid hole, so called from its situation between the styloid and mastoid processes. 1848 R. Owen On Archetype & Homologies Vertebr. Skeleton 34 The process of no. 8 resembles the mastoid process of mammalia. 1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 81 Leeches being applied to both ears, and cups over the mastoid processes. 1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 940/1 The sinus curves downward and forward toward the tip of the mastoid process. 1973 W. Barlow Alexander Princ. iii. 41 The vestibular apparatus..lies inside the skull, internal to the mastoid process. b. mastoid bone n. the posterior portion of the temporal bone in humans and other mammals, which includes the mastoid process. Formerly also: † designating any of several bones of the skull in other vertebrates, regarded as homologous with this part of the temporal bone (obsolete). Also (chiefly in Medicine): = mastoid process n. at sense A. 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of) grate1481 pharyngeal1791 suboperculum1818 supratemporal1834 shackle-joint1837 mastoid1840 wrist1840 mastoid bone1841 subopercular1841 mesotympanic1846 suprascapula1846 hypobranchials1848 hypotympanic1848 urohyal1848 radius1854 epicentral1866 pterotic1866 mesocoracoid1868 supraclavicle1868 precoracoid1869 symplectic1870 hypural1871 mesopterygoid1871 post-temporal1871 postclavicle1872 brachial1873 urostyle1875 hypercoracoid1876 admaxillary1885 intercalarium1887 palatopterygoquadrate1888 subtectal1888 Weberian apparatus1889 Weberian ossicles1889 radial1890 supracleithrum1903 the world > animals > reptiles > [noun] > parts of > bones of tarsus1676 mastoid1840 mastoid bone1841 postorbital1852 sclerotal1854 quadrate bone1858 quadrate1863 transpalatine1891 osteoderm1898 suprascapula2004 1841 R. E. Grant Outl. Compar. Anat. 84 Anterior to the mastoid bones are the upper portions of the tympanic bones. 1880 A. Günther Introd. Study of Fishes 57 The formation..is completed by the mastoid and parietal bones. 1988 Q. N. Myrvik & R. S. Weiser Fund. Med. Bacteriol. & Mycol. (ed. 2) x. 162 Spread [of organisms] may also extend to the air cells of the mastoid bone to produce mastoiditis. 1994 P. J. Morris & R. A. Malt Oxf. Textbk. Surg. II. 2253/1 The temporal bone is made up of five parts: the typanic bone, squamous bone, petrous bone, mastoid bone, and zygomatic bone. 2. a. gen. Of, relating to, or connected with the mastoid process or mastoid bone. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > physical aspects or shapes > projection or protuberance > [adjective] > rounded projection nodous1646 tuberous1650 papillar1651 verrucous1656 capitate1661 clavate1661 papillary1667 warty1693 tuberculated1696 papillous1718 tubercular1719 clavated1728 tuberculous1732 mammillated1744 tubercled1746 papillose1752 torulous1752 tuberculose1752 tuberculate1777 tubercle-like1792 mastoid1800 tuberculiferous1802 ventricose1804 torulose1806 papillated?a1808 tuberculiform1817 bullated1822 nodulous1822 tuberiform1822 nodulated1824 papilliform1824 mammular1826 papilliferous1826 nodulose1828 knuckled1842 mamelonated1843 tuberculoid1853 papillate1857 mammilloid1859 tuberculosquamous1866 bosselated1873 papulate1876 bulbar1878 tubero-cystic1879 mammulose1889 the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [adjective] > bones of temple sternomastic1745 stylomastoid1797 mastoid1800 mastoidean1824 mastoidal1828 mastoideal1828 stylohyoid1840 paroccipital1849 bitemporal1850 squamosal1863 stylohyal1880 1800 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 90 9 The cavity of the tympanum, where the mastoid cells open. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. III. 310 An excess of muscular action, particularly of the mastoid muscle. 1835–6 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. I. 734/1 The outer and posterior extremity of the petrous is confounded with the mastoid and squamoid portions. 1875 Encycl. Brit. I. 823/2 The mastoid cells or air-sinuses. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 276 The abscess was secondary to mastoid disease. 1902 A. Thomson in D. J. Cunningham Text-bk. Anat. 116 The middle ear..opens into the mastoid antrum and mastoid air-cells by the aditus ad antrum. 1949 H. W. C. Vines Green's Man. Pathol. (ed. 17) x. 256 The glands of the cervical, mastoid, and occipital regions are particularly affected. 1954 G. C. Kent Compar. Anat. Vertebr. vii. 245 The mastoid portion and tympanic bulla are mammalian innovations. 1967 Canad. Med. Assoc. Jrnl. 12 Aug. 366/2 The important histopathological changes in chronic suppurative middle ear and mastoid disease. 1998 Arch. Otol.: Head & Neck Surg. 118 743 Management of a large mastoid defect resulting from skull base operations or extensive surgical procedures..continues to challenge the otologic surgeon. b. mastoid antrum n. [after scientific Latin antrum mastoideum (1777 or earlier); compare French antre mastoïdien (1855)] (in the human skull) a cavity within the petrous portion of the temporal bone, communicating with the air cells of the mastoid process and with the middle ear; (also) a homologous cavity in the skull of other vertebrates. ΚΠ 1873 D. B. St. J. Roosa Pract. Treat. Dis. Ear ix. 207 It [sc. the mastoid process at birth] is a small tuberosity, and contains but one cell of any considerable size, which afterwards becomes the mastoid antrum. 1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 1295 On the upper part of its anterior wall is an opening, the aditus to the mastoid antrum. 2008 Jrnl. Vertebr. Paleontol. 28 389/2 This region forms part of the pneumatic system of the skull, draining the mastoid antrum into the rhomboid sinus. II. Resembling a breast or nipple. †3. mastoid cancer n. Pathology a firm, fleshy tumour having a cut surface thought to resemble breast or udder tissue; cf. mammary sarcoma at mammary adj. 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > diseases of tissue > [noun] > cancer > types of soft cancer1804 soot-wart?1810 melanosis1826 mastoid cancer1846 skin cancer1847 cancroid1854 epithelioma1872 soot-cancer1878 scirrhus1881 chimney-sweep's cancer1888 peau d'orange1896 pigskin1898 medullary carcinoma1926 1846 W. H. Walshe Nature & Treatm. Cancer 10 (table) Mastoid cancer. 1878 F. J. Gant Sci. & Pract. Surg. (ed. 2) I. ii. 159 The varieties of Encephaloid are—‘mastoid’ cancer, so named from its resembling, on section, the boiled udder of a cow. 4. gen. Shaped like a breast or nipple. ΚΠ 1871 W. A. Leighton Lichen-flora 453 Apothecia innate in prominent mastoid thalline tubercles. 1877 L. Palma di Cesnola Cyprus ii. 66 A mastoid or breast-shaped hill. 1971 R. E. Witt Isis xiii. 167 In his charge also is the golden pitcher with a mastoid curvature. B. n. 1. The mastoid process or bone. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > fish > parts of fish > [noun] > bones (various types of) grate1481 pharyngeal1791 suboperculum1818 supratemporal1834 shackle-joint1837 mastoid1840 wrist1840 mastoid bone1841 subopercular1841 mesotympanic1846 suprascapula1846 hypobranchials1848 hypotympanic1848 urohyal1848 radius1854 epicentral1866 pterotic1866 mesocoracoid1868 supraclavicle1868 precoracoid1869 symplectic1870 hypural1871 mesopterygoid1871 post-temporal1871 postclavicle1872 brachial1873 urostyle1875 hypercoracoid1876 admaxillary1885 intercalarium1887 palatopterygoquadrate1888 subtectal1888 Weberian apparatus1889 Weberian ossicles1889 radial1890 supracleithrum1903 the world > animals > reptiles > [noun] > parts of > bones of tarsus1676 mastoid1840 mastoid bone1841 postorbital1852 sclerotal1854 quadrate bone1858 quadrate1863 transpalatine1891 osteoderm1898 suprascapula2004 the world > life > the body > structural parts > bone or bones > skull > parts of skull > [noun] > bones of temple squamous bone?1541 temporal?1541 shaft1552 vaginal process1726 mastoid process1732 supertemporal1834 mastoid1840 stylohyal1846 squamosal1848 squamosal bone1849 tympanohyal1873 1679 Sir T. Browne Let. 10 Mar. in Wks. (1931) VI. 112 I doubt fewe have attempted that course which hee also proposeth agaynst the Tinnitus and noyse in the eares; that is to perforate the mastoides and so to afford a vent & passage unto the tremultuating spirits & winds.] 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum 23 The mastoid portion forms the posterior part of the bone. 1846 R. Owen Lect. Compar. Anat. Vertebr. Animals v. 93 The second ring of bones [of a fish's skull]..includes..the ‘parietals’, and the ‘mastoids’. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 45 The method may be supplemented by placing a pole on each mastoid for a few minutes. 1995 Anesthesia & Analgesia 80 499/1 Auditory evoked potentials were recorded before and 5 min after every sufentamil dose on vertex (positive) and mastoids on both sides (negative). 2. colloquial. Mastoiditis. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of ear > [noun] > inflammation otitis1772 labyrinthitis1834 otitis externa1837 otitis interna1839 tympanitis1842 myringitis1857 otitis media1874 mastoiditis1881 mastoid1934 aerotitis media1937 aviator's ear1937 1934 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Mastoid,..Colloq., mastoiditis. 1956 C. P. Snow Homecomings x. 76 He had been trying all ways to get into uniform, but he kept being turned down because he had once had an operation for mastoid. 1987 R. Ellmann Oscar Wilde (1988) i. 10 Even today surgeons use the terms ‘[William] Wilde's incision’ for mastoid, ‘Wilde's cone of light’ and ‘Wilde's cords’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1732
随便看	lloyd-georgism longicorn longicorns longie longifolene longignored longilabrous longilateral longilingual longiloquence longimanous longimetric longimetry longing longing mark longinglier longingliest longingly longingness longings longinque longinquity longinquous longipalp longipalpate