请输入您要查询的英文单词:

 

单词 measles
释义

measlesn.

Brit. /ˈmiːzlz/, U.S. /ˈmiz(ə)lz/
Forms:

α. (In plural form) Middle English maseles, Middle English meazeles, Middle English meseles, Middle English mesellis, Middle English meselyn, Middle English–1600s mesels, 1500s maisils, 1500s massels, 1500s maysilles, 1500s meselles, 1500s mesells, 1500s–1600s masels, 1500s–1600s measells, 1500s–1600s measels, 1500s– measles, 1600s maisels, 1600s mazels, 1600s measilles, 1600s measills, 1600s measils, 1600s meazelles, 1600s meazells, 1600s meazills, 1600s meazils, 1600s meezles, 1600s–1700s meazels, 1600s–1700s meazles, 1700s meassles; British regional 1800s mezzils; Scottish pre-1700 meassalls, pre-1700 meaxells, pre-1700 meazles, pre-1700 mesels, pre-1700 mesillis, pre-1700 meslis, pre-1700 messillis, pre-1700 missells, pre-1700 missels, pre-1700 missillis, 1700s meszels, 1700s missellis, 1800s maisles, 1800s mezzles, 1800s– mizzles.

β. (In singular form) Middle English masyl, Middle English mazil, Middle English mesel, Middle English mesell, Middle English meselle, Middle English mesylle, 1500s measel, 1500s mesill, 1500s mesyll, 1500s–1600s meazell, 1600s measill, 1600s meazeall, 1600s meazil, 1600s meazle, 1800s mizzle (Scottish), 1800s– measle.

Origin: Either (i) a borrowing from Dutch. Or (ii) a borrowing from Middle Low German. Etymons: Dutch masels; Middle Low German maselen.
Etymology: Either < Middle Dutch masels measles, formally the plural of masel blood-blister, pustule, spot on the skin (Dutch mazelen measles), or < Middle Low German maselen (plural) measles (the singular masel a red spot on the skin is extant but rarer; compare Old Saxon masala blood-blister, German regional (Mecklenburg) Masseln (plural) measles); both cognate with Old High German masala (Middle High German masel ) blood-blister (the Old High German and Old Saxon words both gloss post-classical Latin flemen , variant of phlegmon phlegmon n.), Swedish regional massel , masla (1538 as matzla ), and further with the German and Dutch forms noted s.v. masers n.; ultimately from the same Germanic base as mazer n.1 and mase n., which is tentatively identified by some scholars as being related to the Indo-European base meaning ‘rub, smear’ which is reflected, in extended form, by smite v. Compare also measlings n.Although originally distinct, this word has been strongly influenced in both pronunciation and spelling by mesel adj., a conflation which also (via measle adj.) gave rise to sense 2. The reverse process is seen in Middle Dutch maselsucht, variant of meselsucht leprosy after masel.
I. In plural form. Usually with singular agreement; frequently with the.
1.
a. An infectious disease caused by a morbillivirus, characterized by a dark red maculopapular rash preceded and accompanied by catarrh and fever, usually with Koplik's spots in the early stages, tending to occur in epidemics that chiefly affect children. In early use also: any of various other diseases causing a red rash (now only in German measles n. at German n. and adj. Compounds 1b). Cf. morbilli n., rubeola n.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > measles
measlesa1325
measlingsa1325
measlesa1398
variolas?a1425
measles1440
masers1561
measling1573
measledness1611
rossals1661
rubeola1771
a1325 Gloss. W. de Bibbesworth (Arun.) (1857) 161 (MED) Les rugeroles [glossed] maseles [v.rr. maselinges, meselyn].
1541 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe (new ed.) f. 80v Purpilles, measels, and small pockes.
?1577 Misogonus in R. W. Bond Early Plays from Ital. (1911) 237 I can cure the aggwe the Massels & the french pocke.
1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens Niewe Herball i. xvii. 27 It is good..against..the small Pockes and Meselles.
1601 R. Dolman tr. P. de la Primaudaye French Acad. III. 351 Fumitorie..is good against the meazels.
1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. iii. 257 From whence they start up chosen vessels, Made by Contact, as men get Meazles.
1696 London Gaz. No. 3224/3 The Princess of Piedmont is fallen ill of the Meazles.
1732 J. Arbuthnot Pract. Rules of Diet i. 250 The Small-Pox, Meazles, and pestilential Fevers.
1802 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 8 28 The Measles usually makes its appearance at the commencement of the year.
1843 R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xiv. 177 The measles-like eruption, [of typhus fever] appeared about the fifth day.
1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 143 Measles is decidedly infectious.
1953 R. W. Fairbrother Text-bk. Bacteriol. (ed. 7) ix. 102 There are..many human diseases which are not encountered in animals; thus syphilis, measles,..leprosy, etc., are essentially diseases of man.
1970 M. Angelou I know why Caged Bird Sings xii. 78 Maybe it's the measles. They say they're going around the neighborhood.
1990 Internat. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 19 1073/1 In the camps a case of measles is defined as a generalized rash of three or more days duration, with a fever of at least 38.8°C.., and any one of the following: cough, coryza or conjunctivitis.
1996 A. Ostriker Crack in Everything IV. 90 The Grapes of Wrath, A book my mother read me when I was Spotty with measles.
b. In exclamatory phrases. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1631 B. Jonson Bartholmew Fayre iii. iv. 37 in Wks. II Why the meazills, should you stand heere, with your traine [etc.].
2. A disease of pigs, or a condition of pork, caused by the presence in the muscle tissue of larval cysts of the human tapeworm, Taenia solium; cysticercosis; cf. measle adj., measled adj. 1a, measly adj. 1a. Later also (usually with distinguishing word): cysticercosis in various other animals or their meat.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun]
swine-sought?c1475
water-gall1582
measles1587
swinepox1587
gargarism1607
measlesa1637
rangen1688
milt-pain1704
choler1729
hog pox1730
gall1736
thirst1736
cholera1837
black tooth1851
hog plague1858
swine plague1863
purple1867
swine fever1877
soldier disease1878
soldier1882
swine erysipelas1887
Aujeszky's disease1906
swine flu1919
swine influenza1920
African swine fever1935
baby pig disease1941
swine vesicular disease1972
SVD1973
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of animals generally > [noun] > eruptive diseases
measles1793
streptothricosis1927
a1637 B. Jonson Timber 400 in Wks. (1640) III The Swyne dyed of the Measils.
1793 Ann. Agric. 19 299 Is the small pox known among sheep? It is a little known, but not at all common.—Called the measles.
1844 H. Stephens Bk. of Farm II. 245 Pigs are subject to a cutaneous disease called measles, which is supposed to render the flesh unwholesome.
1955 S. H. Gaiger & G. O. Davies Vet. Pathol. & Bacteriol. (ed. 4) 719 Cysticercosis and Measles are terms used to denote the presence of cysticercus cysts in the tissues of animals.
1967 T. G. Hungerford Dis. Livestock (ed. 6) 713 The cystic form or beef measles develops in the muscles of the animal.
1986 Internat. Jrnl. Zoonoses 13 124 For the past ten years Cysticercus bovis (measles) infestation has proved to be on the increase in most parts of Botswana.
1988 D. C. Blood & V. P. Studdert Baillière's Comprehensive Vet. Dict. Cysticercosis, infection with cystercerci [sic] in the intermediate hosts of a number of species-specific cestodes... Called also sheep measles, beef measles.
1992 A. Bell tr. M. Toussaint-Samat Hist. Food xiii. 416 Porcine measles, thought by classical writers to be leprosy, is actually the result of tapeworm cysts which cause ulcerations of the pig's tongue.
3. Horticulture. A disease of trees which causes the bark to become rough and irregular. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > associated with particular type of plant > trees
wind-shake1545
file1600
joint-ache1601
wind-shock1664
measles1674
hidebound1678
carcinoma1832
knot1845
cup-defect1875
cup-shake1875
beech disease1905
1674 J. Josselyn Acct. Two Voy. 190 Their fruit-trees are subject to two diseases, the Meazels,..and lowsiness.
1679 J. Evelyn Sylva (ed. 3) xxvii. 141 Trees (especially Fruit-bearers) are infested with the Measels.
1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Measles, a disease of trees which causes the bark to become rough and irregular, and the branch finally to die.
4. Spots, blemishes, or stains on a photographic print, a leaf of a book, etc. Cf. measly adj. 4.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > a photograph > qualities and effects > [noun] > mottled appearance
mealiness1609
measles1867
grain1890
film grain1921
1867 T. Sutton & G. Dawson Dict. Photogr. 217 Measles. When prints are imperfectly fixed, the appearance presented is very similar to that of the same disease in the human subject. Hence the name.
1876 W. de W. Abney Instr. Photogr. (ed. 3) 125 The cause of mealiness or ‘measles’ in the print.
1990 ‘J. Gash’ Very Last Gambado (1991) xv. 125 How do I get the measles out of an Indian paper print, Lovejoy?.. Measles is trade nickname for foxing, those brown spots..that trouble books, prints, and watercolors.
II. As a count noun.
5.
a. A red spot on the skin forming part of a rash (later spec. that of measles: see sense 1a). Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > eruption > [noun] > spot of > spot of measles
measlesa1398
rubeola1583
morbilli1684
Koplik('s) spot1899
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > measles
measlesa1325
measlingsa1325
measlesa1398
variolas?a1425
measles1440
masers1561
measling1573
measledness1611
rossals1661
rubeola1771
a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 307v Colour of skynne chaungyeþ..as it fareþ ofte in mesels, pokkes, woundes, and bocches.
1599 A. M. tr. O. Gaebelkhover Bk. Physicke 277/2 Others take a fether, and dippe it in the saide water, and therwith they annoynte all the Measells of the Face when they are come forth.
a1616 W. Shakespeare Coriolanus (1623) iii. i. 81 So shall my Lungs Coine words till their decay, against those Meazels Which we disdaine should Tetter vs, yet sought The very way to catch them. View more context for this quotation
1676 J. Cooke Mellificium Chirurg. (ed. 3) 739 Those little Pustles in the Skin, with a deep redness..are called Measles.
1772 W. Buchan Domest. Med. (ed. 2) xxiv. 305 About the sixth or seventh day from the time of sickening, the measles begin to turn pale on the face.
1828 W. Carr Dial. Craven (ed. 2) at Staddle A person's face is said to be staddled with measles.
1866 J. G. Saxe Masquerade & Other Poems 43 When measles come handsomely out, The patient is safest, they say.
1929 S. Hoffenstein Mr Walter de la Mare in Poems in Praise of Practically Nothing 147 The stars, like measles, fade at last.
1984 G. Jennings Journeyer 671 The Lady Tofaa also had a red measle of paint on her forehead between her eyes.
1996 Chiltern Seeds Catal. 111 Like flowers with measles are the attractive maroon-spotted, bell-shaped, yellow blooms of this rather fine plant [sc. spotted gentian].
b. = sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > eruptive diseases > [noun] > measles
measlesa1325
measlingsa1325
measlesa1398
variolas?a1425
measles1440
masers1561
measling1573
measledness1611
rossals1661
rubeola1771
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 328 (MED) Masyl, or mazil, sekenesse: Serpedo, variola, volatica, secundum phisicos.
1483 Catholicon Anglicum (BL Add. 89074) (1881) 237 A Mesell, serpedo.
a1500 in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 707 Hec serpedo, a mesylle.
1874 Overland Monthly Oct. 345/2 Like the old woman who was weary of the monotonously good health of her family, this disciple of Galen is reported to have sighed once in awhile for ‘just a measle or two’.
1881 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 10 156 (note) It is possible that they may have been victims of the epidemic of measle.
1924 J. Galsworthy White Monkey i. iii. 21 Fleur knew how catching the word was; it would run like a measle round the ring.
6.
a. = sense 2. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > animal disease or disorder > disorders of pigs > [noun]
swine-sought?c1475
water-gall1582
measles1587
swinepox1587
gargarism1607
measlesa1637
rangen1688
milt-pain1704
choler1729
hog pox1730
gall1736
thirst1736
cholera1837
black tooth1851
hog plague1858
swine plague1863
purple1867
swine fever1877
soldier disease1878
soldier1882
swine erysipelas1887
Aujeszky's disease1906
swine flu1919
swine influenza1920
African swine fever1935
baby pig disease1941
swine vesicular disease1972
SVD1973
1587 L. Mascall Bk. Cattell: Hogges (1627) 273 Poultry dung, which also is ill for hogs, and will increase a measel among them.
1887 Parkes' Man. Hygiene (ed. 7) ix. 259 The so-called measle of the pig is caused by the presence in the muscle of Cysticercus cellulosæ.
b. An encysted larval tapeworm (cysticercus) in the muscle tissue of an infected animal, visible as a pale spot.
ΘΚΠ
the world > animals > invertebrates > subkingdom Metazoa > grade Triploblastica or Coelomata > phylum Platyhelminthes > [noun] > class Cestodes > member of > segmented > larva > which produces measles
measles1863
1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 682 The Measilles are called in Greeke Chalaza, in Latine Grandines, for that they are like haile-stones spred in the flesh, and especialy in the leaner part of the hog.
1614 S. Latham Falconry ii. xv. 107 Such setled curnels like vnto the mazels of a swine.
1863 W. Aitken Sci. & Pract. Med. (ed. 2) II. iii. 94–5 The first animal he experimented on died from a violent attack of the measle disease; and on dissection the muscles were found filled with measles, or imperfectly developed scolices.
1901 W. Osler Princ. & Pract. Med. (ed. 4) 367 The measles are more readily overlooked in beef than in pork, as they do not present such an opaque white colour.
1947 J. Stevenson-Hamilton Wild Life S. Afr. ii. 20Measles’—the cysts of tapeworm—are present in the tissues of a considerable proportion of the ungulates.
7. An excrescence on the bark of a tree. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > associated with particular type of plant > trees > excrescence or malformation
wen1538
measles1601
nest1887
1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 539 Oliue..hath another greefe and sorance called in Latin Clavus, Fungus or Patella (i. a Knur, Puffe, Meazil or Blister).
1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words at Chiauo A meazell or blister growing on trees.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
<
n.a1325
随便看

 

英语词典包含1132095条英英释义在线翻译词条,基本涵盖了全部常用单词的英英翻译及用法,是英语学习的有利工具。

 

Copyright © 2004-2022 Newdu.com All Rights Reserved
更新时间:2024/12/24 20:54:47