metropolisn.

Brit.

/mᵻˈtrɒpəlɪs/,

/mᵻˈtrɒpl̩ɪs/, U.S.

/məˈtrɑp(ə)ləs/,

/mɛˈtrɑp(ə)ləs/

Forms: 1500s– metropolis, 1600s metrapolis, 1600s metropilis; also Scottish pre-1700 metropolus. Plural 1600s metropolisses, 1700s metropolis's, 1800s– metropolises, 1900s– metropoli.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin mētropolis; Greek μητρόπολις.

Etymology: < classical Latin mētropolis capital city (from late 2nd cent. in inscriptions), see of a metropolitan bishop (4th cent. in post-classical Latin) and its etymon ancient Greek μητρόπολις mother city of a colony, capital city (in Byzantine Greek also ‘see of a metropolitan bishop’ (4th cent.)) < μητρο- , combining form of μητρ- , μήτηρ (see mother n.¹) + πόλις (see -polis comb. form). Compare earlier metropolitan n. and adj.

1. Christian Church. The seat or see of a metropolitan bishop. Now chiefly historical except in Orthodox Church.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > metropolitan > [noun] > see of

provincea1382

metropolis1516

mother city1570

metropolite1591

metropolie1633

metropolicality1637

metropole1862

1516 Kalendre Newe Legende Eng. (Pynson) f. lxxiiii^v Mellite in y^e yere of our lorde .vi. hondred and foure was made bysshop in the prouynce of Eest saxons nyghe to Thamyse where London is metropolys.

1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 117 And therof is metropolis called the chief citee where the archebishop of any prouince hath his see.

a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 425 The bischopis sait..Fra Abirnethie translatit hes he..To Sanct Androis..Metropolus of all Scotland to be.

1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xviii. 299 Let this Towne, [Canterbury]..Of all the British Sees be still Metropolis.

a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. ii. 72 The great Metropolis and Sea of Rome.

1727–41 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In Asia, there were metropolis's merely nominal, that is, which had no suffragan, nor any rights of metropolitans.

1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. II. i. xiii. 149 Plata was erected into a bishopric in the year 1551,..and in the year 1608 was raised to a metropolis.

1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. App. e. 375 Irenæus was the bishop of Lyons, the metropolis of Gaul.

1850 J. M. Neale Hist. Holy Eastern Church i. Introd. 44 Marcianopolis lost its metropolitical rights, though it still continued a See; and Debeltus or Zagara became the Metropolis of the province.

1907 Catholic Encycl. I. 691/1 In Africa..the archiepiscopal office was not attached to a certain see, the metropolis, but..always devolved upon the senior bishop of the province, whatever see he might occupy.

1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Eastern rite church Metropolitanates..comprise a number of dioceses. One of them is the metropolis; and its archbishop..is the head of the whole metropolitanate.

2. Originally Greek History. The mother city or parent state of a colony.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > mother country in relation to colonies

metropolisa1568

home country1707

mother country1732

metropole1803

motherland1835

society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > city state > types of

metropolisa1568

free city1575

mother city1656

a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 55 Doing the dewtie of a good Colonia to her Metropolis.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 131 The Common-wealth from which they [sc. the colonists] went, was called their Metropolis, or Mother.

1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 359/1 If a colony wished to send out a new colony, this was properly done with the sanction of the metropolis.

1852 J. A. Roebuck Hist. Whig Ministry II. 197 The best means of making the wants of the colonies known to..the metropolis which founds them.

1901 Polit. Sci. Q. 16 144 The problem now had somewhat changed. Previously it had been to settle the relations between the metropolis and colonies to which had migrated a large European population.

1974 M. Brown Econ. Imperialism vi. 132 Most of the pressure for imperialist expansion came from the periphery and not from the metropolis.

1991 New Internationalist Mar. 33/2 The issues of women and post-colonialism, transgressive writing, and the sites of colonisation and their relationship to the metropolis are also studied.

a. The chief town or city of a country (occasionally of a province or district), esp. the one which is the seat of government; a capital. In extended use: any large, bustling city.With the (also with capital initial): London, as contrasted with the whole of Britain, England, or the provinces; (occasionally) London as a whole, as distinct from the City (see city n. 6a).

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > [noun] > chief town or capital city

headeOE

mother-boroughc1225

master-borougha1325

sedea1387

chief1393

master-townc1400

metropolitan?a1439

capital city1439

master citya1450

stade1481

metropolea1500

capital1525

seatc1540

head-place1546

chamber1555

mother city1570

metropolis1584

metropolite1591

madam-town1593

capital town1601

seat-town1601

metropolie1633

megapolis1638

county seat1803

Queen City1807

metrop1888

Metroland1951

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 174 Asturia is a prouynce of þe hider spayne..the citee hatte metropolis.]

1584 Breefe Disc. Laudable Customes London 10 The citie of London beareth oddes, and prerogatiue ouer other cities in England, being the Metropolis or mother Citie thereof.

1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H8 That sweet land, whose braue Metropolis Reedified the faire Semyramis.

1636 W. Davenant Witts iv. i. sig. G^v O to live here, i' th faire Metropolis Of our great Isle.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 sig. A2 (heading) To the Metropolis of Great Britain, The most Renowned..City of London.

1692 L. Echard Gazetteer's or Newsman's Interpreter Pref. All the Metropolisses of Provinces.

1726 B. Franklin Jrnl. in Wks. (1887) I. App. 104 Newport..is the metropolis of the island [sc. the Isle of Wight].

1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. I. xxv. 291 London is now so often visited, that the manners of the metropolis are to be found in every country gentleman's house.

1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xli. 204 Penrith..seems here by comparison like a metropolis.

1862 P. M. Irving Life & Lett. W. Irving (1864) I. i. 17 Kirkwall, the metropolis of the island group [sc. the Orkneys].

1892 Nation (N.Y.) 21 July 44/1 She [sc. Trinity College, Dublin] lives in a workaday world, because she lies at the heart of a metropolis.

1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad ii. 30 These..cars poodle about the Metropolis well under 30 m.p.h.

1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express vi. 81 The border town of Tecún Umán was so small it made Tapachula seem a metropolis.

1985 K. Spink tr. D. Lapierre City of Joy i. xvi. 85 The fashion was to reach numerous metropolises in Southeast Asia.

2001 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 91 18 In its endemic form, smallpox could have killed children in the metropolises but also periodically escaped and caused epidemic outbreaks in the surrounding regions.

b. A chief seat of some form of activity; a place or thing distinguished above others for some quality, characteristic, etc. Chiefly with of.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > position of being in the midst > point which forms centre for its surroundings > centre of activity, operations, etc.

metropolis1599

metropolitana1620

focus1796

foyer1799

nerve-knot1832

hub1858

nerve centre1870

storm centre1894

nexus1971

1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 4 This superiminente principall Metropolis of the redde Fish.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 45 The Metropolis of humidity [sc. the brain].

a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 517 Heaven is the Metropolis of all Perfection.

1743 J. Morris Serm. vii. 198 Their city was the fountain and metropolis of idolatry.

1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 78 This center and metropolis of abuse [sc. the Carnatic], whence all the rest in India and England diverge, from whence they are fed and methodized.

1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 195 The stomach is the metropolis, and all the other parts and provinces of the frame are dependent upon the proportion of its vigour or decay.

1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord 1st Ser. Introd. Our metropolis of law, by which I mean Edinburgh, or..our metropolis and mart of gain, whereby I insinuate Glasgow.

1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xvi. 299 To half the Christian nations Rome is the metropolis of religion, to all the metropolis of art.

1920 Glasgow Herald 14 Aug. 5 A..metropolis of ant-like industry and social Gradgrindery.

1961 L. Mumford City in Hist. xv. 474 The ‘progressive’ metropolises of motordom, like Los Angeles, exhibit..all the urban evils of the palaeotechnic period.

†4. Botany and Zoology. The locality in which a species or other taxon is most common. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun]

station1718

habitat1796

metropolis1826

range1830

reach1849

biosphere1899

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 489 The metropolis of the group [sc. Petalocera] is within the temperate zone.

1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species vi. 175 Almost every species, even in its metropolis, would increase immensely in numbers, were it not for other competing species.

1871 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Butterflies ix. 138/2 Its ‘metropolis’, if I may borrow an expression from the revered fathers of British entomology, is in South Down.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	metropolis
释义	metropolisn. Brit. /mᵻˈtrɒpəlɪs/, /mᵻˈtrɒpl̩ɪs/, U.S. /məˈtrɑp(ə)ləs/, /mɛˈtrɑp(ə)ləs/ Forms: 1500s– metropolis, 1600s metrapolis, 1600s metropilis; also Scottish pre-1700 metropolus. Plural 1600s metropolisses, 1700s metropolis's, 1800s– metropolises, 1900s– metropoli. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Latin mētropolis; Greek μητρόπολις. Etymology: < classical Latin mētropolis capital city (from late 2nd cent. in inscriptions), see of a metropolitan bishop (4th cent. in post-classical Latin) and its etymon ancient Greek μητρόπολις mother city of a colony, capital city (in Byzantine Greek also ‘see of a metropolitan bishop’ (4th cent.)) < μητρο- , combining form of μητρ- , μήτηρ (see mother n.¹) + πόλις (see -polis comb. form). Compare earlier metropolitan n. and adj. 1. Christian Church. The seat or see of a metropolitan bishop. Now chiefly historical except in Orthodox Church. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > clerical superior > metropolitan > [noun] > see of provincea1382 metropolis1516 mother city1570 metropolite1591 metropolie1633 metropolicality1637 metropole1862 1516 Kalendre Newe Legende Eng. (Pynson) f. lxxiiii^v Mellite in y^e yere of our lorde .vi. hondred and foure was made bysshop in the prouynce of Eest saxons nyghe to Thamyse where London is metropolys. 1542 N. Udall tr. Erasmus Apophthegmes f. 117 And therof is metropolis called the chief citee where the archebishop of any prouince hath his see. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 425 The bischopis sait..Fra Abirnethie translatit hes he..To Sanct Androis..Metropolus of all Scotland to be. 1612 M. Drayton Poly-olbion xviii. 299 Let this Towne, [Canterbury]..Of all the British Sees be still Metropolis. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) v. ii. 72 The great Metropolis and Sea of Rome. View more context for this quotation 1727–41 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In Asia, there were metropolis's merely nominal, that is, which had no suffragan, nor any rights of metropolitans. 1758 J. Adams tr. A. de Ulloa Voy. S.-Amer. II. i. xiii. 149 Plata was erected into a bishopric in the year 1551,..and in the year 1608 was raised to a metropolis. 1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. App. e. 375 Irenæus was the bishop of Lyons, the metropolis of Gaul. 1850 J. M. Neale Hist. Holy Eastern Church i. Introd. 44 Marcianopolis lost its metropolitical rights, though it still continued a See; and Debeltus or Zagara became the Metropolis of the province. 1907 Catholic Encycl. I. 691/1 In Africa..the archiepiscopal office was not attached to a certain see, the metropolis, but..always devolved upon the senior bishop of the province, whatever see he might occupy. 1999 Encycl. Brit. Online (Version 99.1) at Eastern rite church Metropolitanates..comprise a number of dioceses. One of them is the metropolis; and its archbishop..is the head of the whole metropolitanate. 2. Originally Greek History. The mother city or parent state of a colony. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > territorial jurisdiction or areas subject to > [noun] > aggregate of sovereign states under one rule > mother country in relation to colonies metropolisa1568 home country1707 mother country1732 metropole1803 motherland1835 society > authority > rule or government > a or the state > [noun] > city state > types of metropolisa1568 free city1575 mother city1656 a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) ii. f. 55 Doing the dewtie of a good Colonia to her Metropolis. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxiv. 131 The Common-wealth from which they [sc. the colonists] went, was called their Metropolis, or Mother. 1837 Penny Cycl. VII. 359/1 If a colony wished to send out a new colony, this was properly done with the sanction of the metropolis. 1852 J. A. Roebuck Hist. Whig Ministry II. 197 The best means of making the wants of the colonies known to..the metropolis which founds them. 1901 Polit. Sci. Q. 16 144 The problem now had somewhat changed. Previously it had been to settle the relations between the metropolis and colonies to which had migrated a large European population. 1974 M. Brown Econ. Imperialism vi. 132 Most of the pressure for imperialist expansion came from the periphery and not from the metropolis. 1991 New Internationalist Mar. 33/2 The issues of women and post-colonialism, transgressive writing, and the sites of colonisation and their relationship to the metropolis are also studied. 3. a. The chief town or city of a country (occasionally of a province or district), esp. the one which is the seat of government; a capital. In extended use: any large, bustling city.With the (also with capital initial): London, as contrasted with the whole of Britain, England, or the provinces; (occasionally) London as a whole, as distinct from the City (see city n. 6a). ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > town or city > [noun] > chief town or capital city headeOE mother-boroughc1225 master-borougha1325 sedea1387 chief1393 master-townc1400 metropolitan?a1439 capital city1439 master citya1450 stade1481 metropolea1500 capital1525 seatc1540 head-place1546 chamber1555 mother city1570 metropolis1584 metropolite1591 madam-town1593 capital town1601 seat-town1601 metropolie1633 megapolis1638 county seat1803 Queen City1807 metrop1888 Metroland1951 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 174 Asturia is a prouynce of þe hider spayne..the citee hatte metropolis.] 1584 Breefe Disc. Laudable Customes London 10 The citie of London beareth oddes, and prerogatiue ouer other cities in England, being the Metropolis or mother Citie thereof. 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H8 That sweet land, whose braue Metropolis Reedified the faire Semyramis. 1636 W. Davenant Witts iv. i. sig. G^v O to live here, i' th faire Metropolis Of our great Isle. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 sig. A2 (heading) To the Metropolis of Great Britain, The most Renowned..City of London. 1692 L. Echard Gazetteer's or Newsman's Interpreter Pref. All the Metropolisses of Provinces. 1726 B. Franklin Jrnl. in Wks. (1887) I. App. 104 Newport..is the metropolis of the island [sc. the Isle of Wight]. 1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. I. xxv. 291 London is now so often visited, that the manners of the metropolis are to be found in every country gentleman's house. 1807 R. Southey Lett. from Eng. II. xli. 204 Penrith..seems here by comparison like a metropolis. 1862 P. M. Irving Life & Lett. W. Irving (1864) I. i. 17 Kirkwall, the metropolis of the island group [sc. the Orkneys]. 1892 Nation (N.Y.) 21 July 44/1 She [sc. Trinity College, Dublin] lives in a workaday world, because she lies at the heart of a metropolis. 1938 F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad ii. 30 These..cars poodle about the Metropolis well under 30 m.p.h. 1979 P. Theroux Old Patagonian Express vi. 81 The border town of Tecún Umán was so small it made Tapachula seem a metropolis. 1985 K. Spink tr. D. Lapierre City of Joy i. xvi. 85 The fashion was to reach numerous metropolises in Southeast Asia. 2001 Jrnl. Rom. Stud. 91 18 In its endemic form, smallpox could have killed children in the metropolises but also periodically escaped and caused epidemic outbreaks in the surrounding regions. b. A chief seat of some form of activity; a place or thing distinguished above others for some quality, characteristic, etc. Chiefly with of. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > central condition or position > [noun] > position of being in the midst > point which forms centre for its surroundings > centre of activity, operations, etc. metropolis1599 metropolitana1620 focus1796 foyer1799 nerve-knot1832 hub1858 nerve centre1870 storm centre1894 nexus1971 1599 T. Nashe Lenten Stuffe 4 This superiminente principall Metropolis of the redde Fish. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall iii. 45 The Metropolis of humidity [sc. the brain]. a1674 T. Traherne Christian Ethicks (1675) 517 Heaven is the Metropolis of all Perfection. 1743 J. Morris Serm. vii. 198 Their city was the fountain and metropolis of idolatry. 1783 E. Burke Speech Fox's E. India Bill in Wks. (1815) IV. 78 This center and metropolis of abuse [sc. the Carnatic], whence all the rest in India and England diverge, from whence they are fed and methodized. 1806 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 15 195 The stomach is the metropolis, and all the other parts and provinces of the frame are dependent upon the proportion of its vigour or decay. 1816 W. Scott Tales my Landlord 1st Ser. Introd. Our metropolis of law, by which I mean Edinburgh, or..our metropolis and mart of gain, whereby I insinuate Glasgow. 1866 J. Bryce Holy Rom. Empire (new ed.) xvi. 299 To half the Christian nations Rome is the metropolis of religion, to all the metropolis of art. 1920 Glasgow Herald 14 Aug. 5 A..metropolis of ant-like industry and social Gradgrindery. 1961 L. Mumford City in Hist. xv. 474 The ‘progressive’ metropolises of motordom, like Los Angeles, exhibit..all the urban evils of the palaeotechnic period. †4. Botany and Zoology. The locality in which a species or other taxon is most common. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > environment or habitat > [noun] station1718 habitat1796 metropolis1826 range1830 reach1849 biosphere1899 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. IV. 489 The metropolis of the group [sc. Petalocera] is within the temperate zone. 1859 C. Darwin Origin of Species vi. 175 Almost every species, even in its metropolis, would increase immensely in numbers, were it not for other competing species. 1871 E. Newman Illustr. Nat. Hist. Brit. Butterflies ix. 138/2 Its ‘metropolis’, if I may borrow an expression from the revered fathers of British entomology, is in South Down. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1516
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