Mfengun.adj.

Brit.

/(ə)mˈfɛŋɡuː/, U.S.

/(ə)mˈfɛŋɡu/, South African English

/(ə)mˈfeŋɡuː/,

/(ə)mˈfeɪŋɡuː/

Inflections: Plural unchanged.

Origin: A borrowing from Xhosa. Etymon: Xhosa iMfengu.

Etymology: < Xhosa -mfengu (in iMfengu, plural amaMfengu AmaMfengu n.) < -mfenguza (of a destitute person) to ask for work. Compare earlier AmaMfengu n. and Fingo n.On the origin of the Xhosa name compare:1983 C. Saunders Hist. Dict. S. Afr. 108 Mfengu... It is said that the scattered remnants of various Nguni groups.., broken up and disrupted by the Mfecane, introduced themselves to the Xhosa of the Transkei in the 1820s by saying ‘siyamfenguze’ (‘we are hungry and seek shelter’).

South African.

A. n.

A Xhosa-speaking people of south-eastern Africa descended from several refugee groups displaced during the Mfecane (see Mfecane n.), which settled in the Eastern Cape and southern Transkei during the 1830s. Cf. AmaMfengu n., Fingo n.Many Mfengu escaped serfdom among other black peoples by seeking alliances with whites (often serving in the colonial forces during frontier wars), for which they were rewarded with grants of land.

ΚΠ

1910 Catholic Encycl. VIII. 591/2 The almost universal language of the South African natives is the Bantu, of which the Kafir group has four subdivisions, Xosa, Zulu, Tabele, Mfengu.

1952 M. Wilson et al. Keiskammahoek Rural Survey III. 1 The Mfengu sided with the Europeans in the wars of 1846 and 1850 and, after the peace, groups of them were allocated land.

1977 G. Butler Karoo Morning 84 What would have happened if the Fingos, or Mfengu, had not stayed loyal to the whites, God alone knows.

1986 P. Maylam Hist. Afr. People S. Afr. 61 The inferior, dependent status associated with clientage soon rankled with many Mfengu, and they increasingly looked towards Cape colonial society as an avenue for their advancement.

1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) xiii. 167 The settlers..absorbed as tenants and share-croppers the strangers, known as Mfengu, many of them refugees from the Shakan wars in Natal, who formed the underclass of Xhosa society.

2001 A. Lester Imperial Netwks. iv. 96 Campbell advocated the use of passes as a more effective control over both the Xhosa and the Mfengu.

B. adj.

Of or belonging to the Mfengu, a Xhosa-speaking people of south-eastern Africa.

ΚΠ

1952 M. Wilson et al. Keiskammahoek Rural Survey III. 1 Culturally, Mfengu and Xhosa inhabitants are now scarcely distinguishable, though a hundred years ago there were appreciable differences between them.

1980 Rep. Ciskei Comm. 141 It was through the political manoeuvres of D'Urban and Smith that the Mfengu tribal cluster (Zulu fugitives) was incited against the Xhosa both in the Transkei and Ciskei.

1992 C. C. Crais Making of Colonial Order 152 A downturn in wages that accompanied the arrival of Mfengu labourers after the war of 1834–5.

2001 A. Lester Imperial Netwks. iv. 93 All the Mfengu men on the locations were to assemble armed for the defence of the colony when required.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mfengu
释义	Mfengun.adj. Brit. /(ə)mˈfɛŋɡuː/, U.S. /(ə)mˈfɛŋɡu/, South African English /(ə)mˈfeŋɡuː/, /(ə)mˈfeɪŋɡuː/ Inflections: Plural unchanged. Origin: A borrowing from Xhosa. Etymon: Xhosa iMfengu. Etymology: < Xhosa -mfengu (in iMfengu, plural amaMfengu AmaMfengu n.) < -mfenguza (of a destitute person) to ask for work. Compare earlier AmaMfengu n. and Fingo n.On the origin of the Xhosa name compare:1983 C. Saunders Hist. Dict. S. Afr. 108 Mfengu... It is said that the scattered remnants of various Nguni groups.., broken up and disrupted by the Mfecane, introduced themselves to the Xhosa of the Transkei in the 1820s by saying ‘siyamfenguze’ (‘we are hungry and seek shelter’). South African. A. n. A Xhosa-speaking people of south-eastern Africa descended from several refugee groups displaced during the Mfecane (see Mfecane n.), which settled in the Eastern Cape and southern Transkei during the 1830s. Cf. AmaMfengu n., Fingo n.Many Mfengu escaped serfdom among other black peoples by seeking alliances with whites (often serving in the colonial forces during frontier wars), for which they were rewarded with grants of land. ΚΠ 1910 Catholic Encycl. VIII. 591/2 The almost universal language of the South African natives is the Bantu, of which the Kafir group has four subdivisions, Xosa, Zulu, Tabele, Mfengu. 1952 M. Wilson et al. Keiskammahoek Rural Survey III. 1 The Mfengu sided with the Europeans in the wars of 1846 and 1850 and, after the peace, groups of them were allocated land. 1977 G. Butler Karoo Morning 84 What would have happened if the Fingos, or Mfengu, had not stayed loyal to the whites, God alone knows. 1986 P. Maylam Hist. Afr. People S. Afr. 61 The inferior, dependent status associated with clientage soon rankled with many Mfengu, and they increasingly looked towards Cape colonial society as an avenue for their advancement. 1991 R. Oliver Afr. Experience (1993) xiii. 167 The settlers..absorbed as tenants and share-croppers the strangers, known as Mfengu, many of them refugees from the Shakan wars in Natal, who formed the underclass of Xhosa society. 2001 A. Lester Imperial Netwks. iv. 96 Campbell advocated the use of passes as a more effective control over both the Xhosa and the Mfengu. B. adj. Of or belonging to the Mfengu, a Xhosa-speaking people of south-eastern Africa. ΚΠ 1952 M. Wilson et al. Keiskammahoek Rural Survey III. 1 Culturally, Mfengu and Xhosa inhabitants are now scarcely distinguishable, though a hundred years ago there were appreciable differences between them. 1980 Rep. Ciskei Comm. 141 It was through the political manoeuvres of D'Urban and Smith that the Mfengu tribal cluster (Zulu fugitives) was incited against the Xhosa both in the Transkei and Ciskei. 1992 C. C. Crais Making of Colonial Order 152 A downturn in wages that accompanied the arrival of Mfengu labourers after the war of 1834–5. 2001 A. Lester Imperial Netwks. iv. 93 All the Mfengu men on the locations were to assemble armed for the defence of the colony when required. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2001; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1910
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