midshipmann.

Brit.

/ˈmɪdʃɪpmən/, U.S.

/ˈmɪdˌʃɪpm(ə)n/,

/ˌmɪdˈʃɪpm(ə)n/

Inflections: Plural midshipmen.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: midship n., man n.¹

Etymology: < midship n. + man n.¹ (so called because this was where the officer was stationed). Compare earlier midships man n. at midships adj.In sense 2 probably used with reference to the resemblance between the rows of light-emitting organs on the underside of the fish and the row of bright buttons on a midshipman's uniform.

1. A non-commissioned naval officer ranking immediately below the most junior commissioned officer (i.e. in the Royal Navy, next below a sub lieutenant); the rank held by such an officer. In the U.S. Navy: a naval cadet in training to become an ensign (usually at the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, but occasionally also at a Reserve Officer Training Corps depot). Cf. midships man n. at midships adj.The midshipman in the Royal Navy originally had the functions of a superior petty officer, and was in most cases appointed or rated by the ship's captain. A few were appointed by the Admiralty, some from the Naval Academy in Portsmouth (1733–1837), and were known as King's Letter Boys. All were regarded as potential naval officers, being entitled to walk the quarterdeck to which they aspired.From 1677 all candidates for commissioned rank required previous service as a midshipman. Midshipman Ordinary n. now historical a rating introduced in 1676 to accommodate Admiralty-sponsored candidates (regarded as supernumerary) as well as the protégés of senior sea officers, and until 1816 held by deserving men who each replaced an able seaman, whose pay they drew. Midshipman Extra n. now historical = Midshipman Extraordinary n. Midshipman Extraordinary n. now historical a rating of a supernumerary category created c1670 esp. to provide seagoing billets for unemployed commissioned officers before half-pay was introduced.From 1842, all types of midshipmen were referred to simply as Midshipman.The U.S. Brigade of Midshipmen dates from the formation of the U.S. Naval School at Fort Severn, Annapolis in 1845 (renamed the U.S. Naval Academy in 1850).

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun] > naval officer > midshipman

midships man1626

midshipman1652

mid1750

reefer1800

middy1818

midshipmite1834

ensign1886

brass-bounder1890

snotty1903

dogsbody1917

1652 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 170. 2670 That the Rates and proportions of pay, set down in the List following, be allowed to the Officers of the several Ranks... A Mid-shipman 2 l. 4 s.&c.

1662 S. Pepys Diary 20 Nov. (1970) III. 261 To send him to sea as a Midshipman.

1669 Order: 15 Mar. (MS P.R.O. ADM 2/1746) f. 37^v I think it reasonable & fit he should haue..said Pay of Midshipman extraordinary allowed him.

1672 Order: 16 Mar. (MS P.R.O. ADM 2/1735) f. 5^v Ord^er: for Edwyn Sands to go on board the R: Soveraign as Midshipman extra.

1685 London Gaz. No. 2054/3 Mr. Littleton, and..Mr. Brisbane, both Midshipmen Extraordinary.

1701 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 100 Her lieutenant and 2 midship men killed.

1708 London Gaz. No. 4440/1 The Midshipmen, Carpenters Mates, Boatswains Mates.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Midshipman, a sort of naval cadet, appointed by the captain of a ship of war, to second the orders of the superior officers.

1781 in Naval Chron. (1804) 11 289 Another ugly sea: sent a Midshipman to bring news from the pumps.

1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xiv. 163 How well he looked in his midshipman's dress.

1862 U.S. Statutes at Large c16 July XII. 583 The students at the Naval Academy shall be styled midshipmen, and until their final graduating examination, when, if successful, they shall be commissioned ensigns.

1900 W. Baird Gen. Wauchope ii. 33 Midshipmen's amusements and practical jokes are proverbial.

1950 ‘C. S. Forester’ Mr. Midshipman Hornblower viii. 205 He could hear the midshipman of the guard boat apologising for this rough treatment of a post captain of the Royal Navy.

1973 in Amer. Hist. Rev. (1974) 79 302 (title) Midshipmen Ordinary and Extraordinary.

1983 M. FitzHerbert Man who was Greenmantle xii. 203 Spencer had first come to England as a midshipman in the American navy in 1910.

1992 New Republic 17 Aug. 20/2 ‘High jinks’, as Admiral Virgil Hill referred to the handcuffing of a female midshipman to a urinal.

2. Any of several toadfishes of the genus Porichthys (family Batrachoididae), of the coastal waters of North America and the Caribbean, which are distinguished by rows of light-emitting organs on the underside. Also midshipman fish.

ΚΠ

1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. 751 Porichthys porosissimus—Midshipman.

1942 Lancet 3 Oct. 396/1 Renin can be obtained from the glomerular kidney of the carp and dogfish but not from the aglomerular kidney of the midshipman fish.

1983 W. N. Eschmeyer & E. S. Herald Field Guide Pacific Coast Fishes N. Amer. 107 Most species have no scales. One group, the midshipmen, are the only normally inshore fishes with rows of photophores.

1999 Marine Biol. 134 529 The plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus Girard occurs in nearshore waters off the western coast of North America.

Compounds

midshipman's butter n. the buttery fruit of the avocado pear, Persea americana; cf. subaltern's butter n. at subaltern n. and adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > avocado

shell-pear1672

alligator pear1696

avocado1697

vegetable marrow1788

subaltern's butter1816

midshipman's butter1866

Holy Ghost pear1886

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 867/1 Persea gratissima... They contain a large quantity of firm pulp possessing a buttery or marrow-like taste, and are hence frequently called Vegetable Marrow or Midshipman's Butter.

1871 C. Kingsley At Last I. ii. 49 Avocado, or Alligator pears, alias midshipman's butter.

1998 Sunday Mail Mag. (Brisbane) 22 Feb. 25/2 Avocadoes have always been used as a fat substitute. European sailors called the fruit ‘midshipman's butter’ and took it on their voyages to the New World.

† midshipman's half pay n. Obsolete humorous nothing at all (see quot.).

ΚΠ

c1851 C. Kingsley Lett. (1877) I. 277 Midshipman's half-pay (nothing a-day and find yourself).

midshipman's hitch n. a type of knot (see quot. 1886).

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > knot used by sailors > specific

bowline-knot1627

clinch1627

sheepshank1627

wall-knot1627

running bowline1710

running bowline knot1726

bend1769

clove-hitch1769

half-hitch1769

hitch1769

walnut1769

cat's paw1794

midshipman's hitch1794

reef knot1794

clench1804

French shroud knot1808

carrick bend1819

bowline1823

slippery hitch1832

wall1834

Matthew Walker1841

shroud-knot1860

stopper-knotc1860

marling hitch1867

wind-knot1870

Portuguese knot1871

rosette1875

chain knota1877

stopper-hitch1876

swab-hitch1883

monkey fist1917

Spanish bowline1968

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > knot > any knot used by sailors > other specific sailors' knots

bowline-knot1627

clinch1627

sheepshank1627

wall-knot1627

running bowline1710

running bowline knot1726

bend1769

clove-hitch1769

half-hitch1769

hitch1769

walnut1769

Magnus hitch1794

midshipman's hitch1794

clench1804

French shroud knot1808

carrick bend1819

bowline1823

slippery hitch1832

wall1834

cat's paw1840

Matthew Walker1841

shroud-knot1860

stopper-knotc1860

Portuguese knot1871

chain knota1877

stopper-hitch1876

swab-hitch1883

Spanish bowline1968

1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 182 Midshipman's-Hitch. Take a half hitch round the standing part, and a round turn above the hitch, which jambs tight. It is mostly used to make fast the sheets of sailing boats.

1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 21 Marling-spike, or Midshipman hitch.

1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 591/2 Midshipman's Hitch.—Take two round turns inside the bight, the same as a half-hitch repeated; stop up the end; or let another half-hitch be taken or held by hand. Used for hooking a tackle for a temporary purpose.

1908 Man. Seamanship (1915) I. iii. 64 (heading) Midshipman's Hitch.

† midshipman's nuts n. Nautical Obsolete humorous broken pieces of biscuit (see quots.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > ship's biscuit

ship bread1598

bread1625

ship's biscuit1634

pilot bread1788

midshipman's nuts1828

hardtack1830

pilot biscuit1836

pantile1874

Liverpool pantile1899

1828 Night Watch II. viii. 50 ‘You shall have a fistful of midshipman's nuts to crack for your supper.’.. He gave me some broken biscuits.

1846 H. Melville Typee vi. 38 I took a double handful of those small, broken, flinty bits of biscuit which generally go by the name of ‘midshipmen's nuts’.

1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Midshipman's nuts, broken pieces of biscuit as dessert.

† midshipman's roll n. Nautical Obsolete colloquial a simple or casual method of slinging a hammock (see quots.); a hammock slung in this way.

ΚΠ

1825 W. N. Glascock Naval Sketch-bk. 7 Get your hammock slung... 'Cause,..none o' your ‘midshipman's rolls,’ you know!

1857 H. E. Davenport Rovings on Land & Sea 280 If any of the hammocks are lashed in a slovenly manner, or merely bundled up in what is called a ‘midshipman's roll’, the owner is..made to secure it in a more ship-shape manner.

† midshipman's watch and chain n. Obsolete rare the heart, liver, and lungs of a sheep.

ΚΠ

1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Midshipman's watch and chain, a sheep's heart and pluck.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	midshipman
释义	midshipmann. Brit. /ˈmɪdʃɪpmən/, U.S. /ˈmɪdˌʃɪpm(ə)n/, /ˌmɪdˈʃɪpm(ə)n/ Inflections: Plural midshipmen. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: midship n., man n.¹ Etymology: < midship n. + man n.¹ (so called because this was where the officer was stationed). Compare earlier midships man n. at midships adj.In sense 2 probably used with reference to the resemblance between the rows of light-emitting organs on the underside of the fish and the row of bright buttons on a midshipman's uniform. 1. A non-commissioned naval officer ranking immediately below the most junior commissioned officer (i.e. in the Royal Navy, next below a sub lieutenant); the rank held by such an officer. In the U.S. Navy: a naval cadet in training to become an ensign (usually at the U.S. Naval Academy at Annapolis, but occasionally also at a Reserve Officer Training Corps depot). Cf. midships man n. at midships adj.The midshipman in the Royal Navy originally had the functions of a superior petty officer, and was in most cases appointed or rated by the ship's captain. A few were appointed by the Admiralty, some from the Naval Academy in Portsmouth (1733–1837), and were known as King's Letter Boys. All were regarded as potential naval officers, being entitled to walk the quarterdeck to which they aspired.From 1677 all candidates for commissioned rank required previous service as a midshipman. Midshipman Ordinary n. now historical a rating introduced in 1676 to accommodate Admiralty-sponsored candidates (regarded as supernumerary) as well as the protégés of senior sea officers, and until 1816 held by deserving men who each replaced an able seaman, whose pay they drew. Midshipman Extra n. now historical = Midshipman Extraordinary n. Midshipman Extraordinary n. now historical a rating of a supernumerary category created c1670 esp. to provide seagoing billets for unemployed commissioned officers before half-pay was introduced.From 1842, all types of midshipmen were referred to simply as Midshipman.The U.S. Brigade of Midshipmen dates from the formation of the U.S. Naval School at Fort Severn, Annapolis in 1845 (renamed the U.S. Naval Academy in 1850). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > hostilities at sea > seafaring warrior or naval man > leader or commander > [noun] > naval officer > midshipman midships man1626 midshipman1652 mid1750 reefer1800 middy1818 midshipmite1834 ensign1886 brass-bounder1890 snotty1903 dogsbody1917 1652 Severall Proc. Parl. No. 170. 2670 That the Rates and proportions of pay, set down in the List following, be allowed to the Officers of the several Ranks... A Mid-shipman 2 l. 4 s.&c. 1662 S. Pepys Diary 20 Nov. (1970) III. 261 To send him to sea as a Midshipman. 1669 Order: 15 Mar. (MS P.R.O. ADM 2/1746) f. 37^v I think it reasonable & fit he should haue..said Pay of Midshipman extraordinary allowed him. 1672 Order: 16 Mar. (MS P.R.O. ADM 2/1735) f. 5^v Ord^er: for Edwyn Sands to go on board the R: Soveraign as Midshipman extra. 1685 London Gaz. No. 2054/3 Mr. Littleton, and..Mr. Brisbane, both Midshipmen Extraordinary. 1701 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) V. 100 Her lieutenant and 2 midship men killed. 1708 London Gaz. No. 4440/1 The Midshipmen, Carpenters Mates, Boatswains Mates. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine Midshipman, a sort of naval cadet, appointed by the captain of a ship of war, to second the orders of the superior officers. 1781 in Naval Chron. (1804) 11 289 Another ugly sea: sent a Midshipman to bring news from the pumps. 1855 E. C. Gaskell North & South I. xiv. 163 How well he looked in his midshipman's dress. 1862 U.S. Statutes at Large c16 July XII. 583 The students at the Naval Academy shall be styled midshipmen, and until their final graduating examination, when, if successful, they shall be commissioned ensigns. 1900 W. Baird Gen. Wauchope ii. 33 Midshipmen's amusements and practical jokes are proverbial. 1950 ‘C. S. Forester’ Mr. Midshipman Hornblower viii. 205 He could hear the midshipman of the guard boat apologising for this rough treatment of a post captain of the Royal Navy. 1973 in Amer. Hist. Rev. (1974) 79 302 (title) Midshipmen Ordinary and Extraordinary. 1983 M. FitzHerbert Man who was Greenmantle xii. 203 Spencer had first come to England as a midshipman in the American navy in 1910. 1992 New Republic 17 Aug. 20/2 ‘High jinks’, as Admiral Virgil Hill referred to the handcuffing of a female midshipman to a urinal. 2. Any of several toadfishes of the genus Porichthys (family Batrachoididae), of the coastal waters of North America and the Caribbean, which are distinguished by rows of light-emitting organs on the underside. Also midshipman fish. ΚΠ 1882 D. S. Jordan & C. H. Gilbert Synopsis Fishes N. Amer. 751 Porichthys porosissimus—Midshipman. 1942 Lancet 3 Oct. 396/1 Renin can be obtained from the glomerular kidney of the carp and dogfish but not from the aglomerular kidney of the midshipman fish. 1983 W. N. Eschmeyer & E. S. Herald Field Guide Pacific Coast Fishes N. Amer. 107 Most species have no scales. One group, the midshipmen, are the only normally inshore fishes with rows of photophores. 1999 Marine Biol. 134 529 The plainfin midshipman Porichthys notatus Girard occurs in nearshore waters off the western coast of North America. Compounds midshipman's butter n. the buttery fruit of the avocado pear, Persea americana; cf. subaltern's butter n. at subaltern n. and adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular types of fruit > [noun] > stone fruit > avocado shell-pear1672 alligator pear1696 avocado1697 vegetable marrow1788 subaltern's butter1816 midshipman's butter1866 Holy Ghost pear1886 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 867/1 Persea gratissima... They contain a large quantity of firm pulp possessing a buttery or marrow-like taste, and are hence frequently called Vegetable Marrow or Midshipman's Butter. 1871 C. Kingsley At Last I. ii. 49 Avocado, or Alligator pears, alias midshipman's butter. 1998 Sunday Mail Mag. (Brisbane) 22 Feb. 25/2 Avocadoes have always been used as a fat substitute. European sailors called the fruit ‘midshipman's butter’ and took it on their voyages to the New World. † midshipman's half pay n. Obsolete humorous nothing at all (see quot.). ΚΠ c1851 C. Kingsley Lett. (1877) I. 277 Midshipman's half-pay (nothing a-day and find yourself). midshipman's hitch n. a type of knot (see quot. 1886). ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > equipment of vessel > ropes or chains other than rigging or cable > [noun] > knot used by sailors > specific bowline-knot1627 clinch1627 sheepshank1627 wall-knot1627 running bowline1710 running bowline knot1726 bend1769 clove-hitch1769 half-hitch1769 hitch1769 walnut1769 cat's paw1794 midshipman's hitch1794 reef knot1794 clench1804 French shroud knot1808 carrick bend1819 bowline1823 slippery hitch1832 wall1834 Matthew Walker1841 shroud-knot1860 stopper-knotc1860 marling hitch1867 wind-knot1870 Portuguese knot1871 rosette1875 chain knota1877 stopper-hitch1876 swab-hitch1883 monkey fist1917 Spanish bowline1968 the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > fastening > binding or tying > a bond, tie, or fastening > [noun] > knot > any knot used by sailors > other specific sailors' knots bowline-knot1627 clinch1627 sheepshank1627 wall-knot1627 running bowline1710 running bowline knot1726 bend1769 clove-hitch1769 half-hitch1769 hitch1769 walnut1769 Magnus hitch1794 midshipman's hitch1794 clench1804 French shroud knot1808 carrick bend1819 bowline1823 slippery hitch1832 wall1834 cat's paw1840 Matthew Walker1841 shroud-knot1860 stopper-knotc1860 Portuguese knot1871 chain knota1877 stopper-hitch1876 swab-hitch1883 Spanish bowline1968 1794 D. Steel Elements & Pract. Rigging & Seamanship I. 182 Midshipman's-Hitch. Take a half hitch round the standing part, and a round turn above the hitch, which jambs tight. It is mostly used to make fast the sheets of sailing boats. 1882 G. S. Nares Seamanship (ed. 6) 21 Marling-spike, or Midshipman hitch. 1886 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 591/2 Midshipman's Hitch.—Take two round turns inside the bight, the same as a half-hitch repeated; stop up the end; or let another half-hitch be taken or held by hand. Used for hooking a tackle for a temporary purpose. 1908 Man. Seamanship (1915) I. iii. 64 (heading) Midshipman's Hitch. † midshipman's nuts n. Nautical Obsolete humorous broken pieces of biscuit (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dishes and prepared food > biscuit > [noun] > ship's biscuit ship bread1598 bread1625 ship's biscuit1634 pilot bread1788 midshipman's nuts1828 hardtack1830 pilot biscuit1836 pantile1874 Liverpool pantile1899 1828 Night Watch II. viii. 50 ‘You shall have a fistful of midshipman's nuts to crack for your supper.’.. He gave me some broken biscuits. 1846 H. Melville Typee vi. 38 I took a double handful of those small, broken, flinty bits of biscuit which generally go by the name of ‘midshipmen's nuts’. 1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Midshipman's nuts, broken pieces of biscuit as dessert. † midshipman's roll n. Nautical Obsolete colloquial a simple or casual method of slinging a hammock (see quots.); a hammock slung in this way. ΚΠ 1825 W. N. Glascock Naval Sketch-bk. 7 Get your hammock slung... 'Cause,..none o' your ‘midshipman's rolls,’ you know! 1857 H. E. Davenport Rovings on Land & Sea 280 If any of the hammocks are lashed in a slovenly manner, or merely bundled up in what is called a ‘midshipman's roll’, the owner is..made to secure it in a more ship-shape manner. † midshipman's watch and chain n. Obsolete rare the heart, liver, and lungs of a sheep. ΚΠ 1785 F. Grose Classical Dict. Vulgar Tongue Midshipman's watch and chain, a sheep's heart and pluck. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1652
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