单词 | miscarriage |
释义 | miscarriagen. a. An instance of misconduct or misbehaviour; a lapse of conduct; a misdemeanour or misdeed. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] > instance of misbehaviour1486 misdemeanoura1513 miscarriage1579 misconducts1697 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > misbehaviour > [noun] > instance of unthrift1303 misbreydec1380 misdemeanoura1513 misordera1538 miscarriage1579 delinquishment1593 delinquency1603 misconducts1697 society > morality > moral evil > wrong conduct > evildoing or wrongdoing > [noun] > an evil deed > an evil deed, fault, or offence sinc825 guilt971 man deedOE evilOE misbodea1200 follya1275 unthrift1303 misbreydec1380 offencec1384 crimec1390 forfeit1393 felonya1400 faultc1400 misfeatc1400 feat1481 demerit1485 misdemeanoura1513 facta1533 piaculum1575 miscarriage1579 delinquishment1593 delinquency1603 piacle1644 amissness1648 peccancy1648 1579 W. Allen Let. 12 May in Records Eng. Catholics under Penal Laws (1882) (modernized text) II. 80 Shew your wisdom, charity and zeal in condescending, bearing and supporting their [sc. the students'] youthful miscarriages. 1635 Bp. J. Hall Char. of Man 34 Miscariages of children, mis-casualties, unquietnesse [etc.]. 1647 J. Trapp Comm. Epist. & Rev. (James ii. 7) A sad thing that a Heathen should see such hellish miscarriages among Christs followers. 1649 F. Roberts Clavis Bibliorum (ed. 2) 337 His [sc. Job's]..irreverent miscarriages against God under his afflictions. 1710 J. Norris Treat. Christian Prudence vi. 288 As to the personal Miscarriages of the Minister, our prudent Christian will not for these disesteem his Office. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones III. viii. xi. 248 The Miscarriages of my former Life. View more context for this quotation 1769 H. Brooke Fool of Quality IV. xvii. 111 Many miscarriages and woful defaults are recorded of Saul, as a man; yet, as a king, he was held perfect in the eyes of his people. 1829 W. Scott Rob Roy (new ed.) I. Introd. p. xxvii [They] conducted themselves with such loyalty..to his Majesty, as might justly wipe off all memory of former miscarriages. b. Misconduct, misbehaviour. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [noun] abominationc1350 misgovernancec1375 misleadinga1387 misusing1395 misbearinga1400 misordinancea1400 misruling?a1425 misgovernail?a1439 misdraughtc1450 misgovernmentc1450 misbehaving1451 misguiding1480 misbehaviour1486 misdemeaning1487 misgoverning1487 misdemeanoura1513 misordera1513 misordering1526 misusage1532 misnurturea1540 misdemean1579 miscarriage1594 misguide1596 demeanour1681 misconduct1717 the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > misbehaviour > [noun] misgovernancec1375 misleadinga1387 misusing1395 misbearinga1400 misordinancea1400 misdraughtc1450 misgovernmentc1450 misbehaving1451 misguiding1480 misbehaviour1486 misdemeaning1487 misgoverning1487 miscraft1496 demerit1509 misuse1509 misdemeanoura1513 misordera1513 misordering1526 misusage1532 misdemean1579 miscarriage1594 misguide1596 delinquency1603 demeanour1681 misconduct1717 1594 T. Nashe Terrors of Night sig. Fi They haue beene layd vp in slouens presse, and with miscarriage and misgouernment are so fretted and galled [etc.]. 1618 Sir H. Mountagu in Buccleuch MSS (Hist. MSS Comm.) (1899) I. 253 I have received..the note that imports the miscarriage of the new Justice of Peace. It was very insolent, if the information be true. 1645 in Essex (Mass.) Antiquarian (1904) VIII. 6 Wife of Mr. Samuel Hall fined for miscarriage in words against the constable of Salsbery. 1682 A. Wood Life & Times (1894) III. 22 The chancellor's letters for regulating the rudeness and miscarriag of the Masters in Convocation. 1785 W. Cowper Task iii. 505 Experience, slow preceptress, teaching oft The way to glory by miscarriage foul. 2. a. A failure; a blunder or mistake. Now rare except as in sense 2c. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > failure or going wrong > instance of miscarriage1590 nonsense1646 slip-up1909 the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [noun] > unskilful action or working > a bungle miscarriage1590 bungle1656 bumble1823 boggle1834 muff1867 car wreck1877 mismove1877 miscue1882 muddle1884 bobble1887 mess-up1902 floater1913 bollock1919 fluff1928 balls-up1929 muck-up1930 balls1938 snafu1943 foul-up1944 fuck-up1949 clusterfuck1969 car crash1992 dumpster fire2008 omnishambles2009 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. ii. sig. Dd6 She shortly like a pyned ghost became... That when old Glauce saw, for feare least blame Of her miscarriage should in her be fond, She wist not how t'amend. 1643 R. Baillie Satan 3 When a hard piece of worke is put in the hand of an Apprentice for the first assay of his skill, the beholders are justly afraid for a miscarriage in his young and unexperienced hand. 1650 N. Ward Discolliminium 21 The carriages or miscarriages of these affaires. 1668 A. Marvell Let. 15 Feb. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 65 That the diuision of the Fleet was a miscarriage. 1706 S. Garth Dispensary (ed. 6) v. 85 Your Cures..aloud you tell, But wisely your Miscarriages conceal. 1783 S. Johnson Let. 19 Apr. (1994) IV. 124 You know our foreign miscarriages and our intestine discontents. 1824 B. Travers Dis. Eye (ed. 3) 338 I have now adverted to the principal miscarriages of the operation. 1834 T. B. Macaulay William Pitt in Ess. (1850) 300/2 An inquiry into the circumstance which had produced the miscarriage of the preceding year. 1894 Econ. Jrnl. 4 735 The few casual mistakes and miscarriages, such as unpunctuality,..gave the wealthy merchants a pretence for attacking the Government undertaking. 1944 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 49 449/2 The process is slow, develops erratically.., and has many deviations, mistakes, and miscarriages of its own. 1952 J. Cheever Jrnls. (1991) 3 In middle age... I feel that there has been some miscarriage, some wrong turning, but I do not know when it took place. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > adversity > calamity or misfortune > [noun] > misfortune or ill-luck un-i-limpOE unlimpc1175 mishap?c1225 unhap?c1225 mishappeningc1230 ames-ace?a1300 misadventure?a1300 ill hailc1300 misauntera1325 untiminga1325 miscasec1325 mischancec1325 misfall1340 misfarea1387 casec1390 infortunea1393 mishapping?a1400 unchancea1400 disadventurea1413 mischieving1432 infortuny?a1439 encumbermentc1440 misfortune1441 evil hail?c1450 malfortunea1470 unhappiness1470 maleurtee?1473 malheur?1473 evil health1477 unfortune1483 wanfortunea1500 disfortune1509 wanhap1513 ill, evil ch(i)eving?1518 mislucka1530 ill luck1548 unfortunacy?c1550 evilfare1556 unluck1556 hard luck1567 bad luck1575 miscasualty1588 disgrace1590 wanchance1599 disventure1612 misaccident1620 miscarriagec1625 hard lines1722 mishanter1754 malefit1755 miscanter1781 hard cheese1854 hard cheddar1893 schlimazel1911 tough luck1912 snake eyes1918 catch-arse1970 c1625 J. Smith Hist. Bermudaes (1882) 155 Some misdoubts ther wer of her [sc. the Garland's] miscarriage, she haueing fallen vpon the Ilands three weekes before and within sight of them, but not seen from the shore. 1653 J. Finch Let. 9 Apr. in Conway Lett. (1992) ii. 78 What ever miscarriage befalls you will certainly be likewise my unhappinesse, for I am but your echo. 1711 Boston Newslett. 8–15 Oct. 2/2 Thursday last was strictly observed here a Day of Fasting and Prayer, for the Miscarriage that attended the Fleet in the Expedition. 1725 D. Defoe New Voy. round World i. 49 If I should meet with any..Miscarriage in the Voyage. 1776 S. Johnson Let. 1 Apr. (1992) II. 315 His Wife died at last, and before she was buried he was seized by a fever, and is now going to the grave... Such miscarriages..fill histories and tragedies. 1883 W. Thomson Leddy May 103 I kent..o'your miscairriage. c. More fully miscarriage of justice. A failure of a court or judicial system to attain the ends of justice. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > [noun] > failure of miscarriage1648 1648 Moderate Intelligencer No. 195. 1777 The Law allows both Plaintiffe and Defendant a power to question the jury upon a palpable miscarriage. 1862 R. Williams in Littell's Living Age 6 Dec. 443/2 With no great discourtesy, the miscarriage of justice. 1865 Sat. Rev. 25 Feb. 217/2 Having been jockeyed into a miscarriage of justice. 1875 Act 38 & 39 Vict. c. 77 Order xxxix Unless in the opinion of the Court..some substantial wrong or miscarriage has been..occasioned in the trial of action. 1891 Daily News 5 Feb. 7/1 It was submitted..to their lordships that there had been a miscarriage, and that the order of reference should be revoked. 1904 ‘S. G. Tallentyre’ Life Voltaire II. xl. 234 Each..turned on some miscarriage of civil justice the searchlight of truth. 1941 ‘G. Orwell’ Lion & Unicorn ii. ii. 23 Letters to the papers from eminent Marxist professors, pointing out that this or that is a ‘miscarriage of British justice’. 1987 Bella 14 Dec. 37/4 She..persuaded Justice, an organisation of lawyers who examine miscarriages of justice, to take up the case. 1998 New Yorker 26 Jan. 27/2 This was another example of the miscarriage of this star-chamber process. d. Failure (in an enterprise, etc.); mismanagement or maladministration (of a business). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > [noun] > failure or collapse (of institution, etc.) fall?1544 miscarriage1652 breakdown1832 collapse1856 burst-up1879 break-away1885 1652 E. Nicholas Let. Feb. in Papers (1886) I. 286 The miscarriage of the business in the Downs was not inferior to any treason that I have heard of. 1670 Baker's Chron. Kings of Eng. (new ed.) 453/2 He excused himself, laying a great part of the miscarriage on the stubbornness of the Earl of Essex. 1706 D. Defoe Jure Divino Pref. p. iv Some People who are too apt to make Misconstruction, watch for my Miscarriage. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 251 He did not wonder at the miscarriage of the late King's counsels. a1796 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) I. 191 Scarce ane has tried the Shepherd-sang But wi' miscarriage? 1801 Asiatic Ann. Reg. 1800 Chron. 113/2 The sagacious and intrepid commander, to whom success and miscarriage..are now alike indifferent. 1808 C. Vancouver Gen. View Agric. Devon xvii. 431 The miscarriage of one crop only..would..involve him in ruin. 1880 ‘M. Twain’ Lett. to Publishers (1967) 123 Chatto waits..without asking a solitary question about the book, and then pitches into me about the miscarriage. 1948 Philos. Rev. 57 461 That Descartes..failed to reach it [sc. Leibniz' distinction] is one of the chief reasons for the miscarriage of his metaphysics and physics. 1978 R. V. Jones Most Secret War (1979) ii. xxxviii. 441 With the unfortunate miscarriage of two important pathfinding ‘markers’ a substantial proportion of our bombs fell to the south of the establishment itself. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > an error, mistake > [noun] > minor lapse1526 slip1601 lapsus1668 miscarriage1754 1754 H. Walpole Lett. (1846) III. 76 The chimney-pieces, except one little miscarriage into total Ionic..are all of a good King James the First Gothic. 3. a. The failure of a letter, etc., to reach its destination; delivery to the wrong recipient. Also: an instance of this. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > postal services > [noun] > types of service > failure to convey mail to proper destination miscarrying1568 miscarriage1606 1606 N. S. H. Wotton Let. 6 Dec. in L. P. Smith Life & Lett. Sir H. Wotton (1907) (modernized text) I. 372 A letter..written with much freedom..about the miscarriage whereof I am very solicitous. 1642 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (new ed.) 31 It was not a meere chance to discover the..Powder Treason by a miscarriage of the letter. 1650 Ld. Beauchamp in E. Nicholas Papers (1886) I. 179 I have been very unfortunate in the miscarryage of your former addresses. 1670 T. Blount Νομο-λεξικον: Law-dict. at Duplicat A second Letter written and sent to the same party and purpose, as a former, for fear of a miscarriage of the first,..is called a Duplicat. 1784 S. Johnson Let. 30 Mar. (1994) IV. 304 In my letter to you of the miscarriage of which I can no[t] account, was inclosed in a letter. 1820 J. Clare Let. 30 Dec. (1985) 127 By this time you have them [sc. New Poems] safe & if not you will know of the miscarriage. 1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 172 The miscarriage of a paper by Mr. Alexander Trippel prevents me from presenting..some further notes. 1910 Mod. Lang. Notes 25 127/2 The failure of Poe's Baltimore grandparents to receive an answer to a letter..(an omission which the writer suggests was probably due to the miscarriage of the letter). ΚΠ 1862 J. Skelton Nugæ Criticæ iv. 195 Public carriers must carry the public safely, or take the consequences; and neither a voluntary, nor an extorted consent, will relieve them from the legal results of mis-carriage. 1867 N. Amer. Rev. Apr. 453 In case of miscarriage of goods these subordinates affected to be ignorant of the names of their employers. 4. a. The spontaneous expulsion of a fetus from the womb before it is viable; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > disorders of pregnancy or birth > [noun] > miscarriage abort?a1425 abortion?1537 aborsement1540 miscarrying1568 abortive1587 abortment1595 miscarriage1615 amblosis1706 efflux1754 abortus1764 mc1956 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια v. 333 A woman shall not bee sayed to abort but from the third moneth to the seauenth, and that before the motion it shall be called an effluxion or miscariage. 1623 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. VII. O.T. xix. 424 How much more easie had the want of a sonne beene, than the mis-carriage? Barrennesse than orbation? ?c1663 B. Whitelocke Diary (1990) 266 Those about her did much feare her life, or miscarryage of her being then great w[i]th childe. 1711 J. Swift Jrnl. to Stella 15 Feb. (1948) I. 192 I dined at Sir John Germain's, and found lady Betty but just recovered of a miscarriage. 1754 W. Smellie Treat. Midwifery II. v. 67 She had eight children, besides two miscarriages. 1822 J. M. Good Study Med. IV. 176 If the exclusion [of the fœtus] take place within six weeks after conception it is usually called Miscarriage; if between six weeks and six months, Abortion; if during any part of the last three months before the completion of the natural term, Premature Labour. 1865 Jrnl. Statist. Soc. 28 271 Partial fecundation, resulting in miscarriage or abortion, may take place to a considerable extent. 1912 T. Hardy Mayor of Casterbridge (rev. ed.) xl. 332 The dangerous illness and miscarriage of Mrs. Farfrae was soon rumoured through the town. 1915 V. Woolf Voy. Out ix. 134 ‘And a miscarriage is so much worse than a confinement,’ Mrs Thornbury murmured. 1967 M. M. Bookmiller et al. Textbk. Obstetr. (ed. 5) xxii. 333/2 Many laymen still associate the word abortion with illegal interference and prefer to call a spontaneous termination of pregnancy a miscarriage. 1988 Mother Apr. 52/2 Doctors freely admit that very little is known about the causes of miscarriage. 2000 Pract. Parenting Apr. 44/1 Infertility is called..‘secondary’ if you've had a child or a miscarriage. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1688 J. Crowne Darius ii. 19 They who poorly fell, Were Embrio's, and miscarriages of War. 1991 Independent on Sunday 19 May 25/2 We seem to be watching yet another of those gloomy miscarriages from Ulster's womb. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1579 |
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