milieun.

Brit.

/ˈmiːljəː/,

/mɪlˈjəː/, U.S.

/mɪlˈju/,

/mɪlˈjə/

Inflections: Plural (pronounced same or /-z/). milieus, milieux.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French milieu.

Etymology: < French milieu (12th cent. in Old French as miliu in sense ‘the middle’; 1639 in Descartes of a physical environment, 1809 in zoological use, 1842 in sense ‘social environment’, 1846 in sense 2a, 1921 in sense 2b) < mi- in the middle (c1100 in Old French; < classical Latin medius : see medium adj.) + lieu place (see lieu n.). Compare earlier juste milieu n.

1. An environment; surroundings, esp. social surroundings. Cf. medium n. 5b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > environment, setting, or background

setting1841

scenics1842

background1854

milieu1854

environment1855

conditions1856

surroundings1861

medium1865

ambient1902

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area > totality of surroundings or environment

circumstancea1340

encompassure1600

environry1600

vironry1600

attendment1646

circumambiency1646

ambience1648

environment1725

circumjacency1751

environ1762

environage1831

setting1841

enshrinement1849

entourage1850

milieu1854

surroundings1861

ambiente1862

mise-en-scène1871

surround1922

Umwelt1964

1854 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 6 Apr. (1954) II. 149 I could no more live out of my milieu, than the haddocks I daresay you are often having for dinner.

1877 J. A. Symonds Reviv. Learning in Renaissance in Italy 4 The intellectual and moral milieu created by multitudes of self-centred, cultivated personalities was necessary for the evolution of that spirit of intelligence,..that formed the motive force of the Renaissance.

1893 Fortn. Rev. Mar. 322 I prepared a Milieu, consisting of seventy-five parts of broth and twenty-five parts of the liquid, to which I wished to habituate the Microbe.

1900 Daily News 15 Aug. 6/4 The story, which is set in a middle-class milieu, succeeds in being pleasantly homely.

1958 H. A. Wilmer Social Psychiatry in Action i. 21 The crucial point, however, is that a milieu was created that permitted recovery, rather than driving patients deeper into insanity.

1975 J. Rossiter Golden Virgin i. 11 Whitehall, a milieu in which you could look revoltingly nude without a bowler hat.

1994 E. Hobsbawm Age of Extremes (1995) 254 In such milieux the Uzi machine-gun (Israeli), the Kalashnikov rifle (Russian) and Semtex explosive (Czech) became household names.

a. A group of people with a shared (cultural) outlook; a social class or set.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] > other specific types of company

rabblement1536

rabble rout?1589

quorum1596

besorta1616

flying squadron1670

alliance1703

minority1837

umma1885

lads1888

minority group1919

flying squad1927

milieu1927

focus group1938

visible minority1940

enclave1945

1927 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 32 566 Among his innumerable experiences and activities only those enter into his social content which become of interest for his milieu or for himself.

1952 P. Bowles Let it come Down ii. xiii. 157 The American milieu in Tangier was peculiarly hermetic, not inclined to mix with the other diplomatic groups.

1954 I. Murdoch Under Net ii. 35 It's not easy to find someone whom one has mislaid for years in London, particularly if she belongs to the sort of milieu that Anna belonged to.

1960 A. S. Neill Summerhill ii. 96 In their milieu one could not live sexually together unless one was respectable—that is, married.

1970 D. Martin 50 Key Words: Sociol. 46 Milieu..may..designate an age-group with a definable élan such as students.

1975 Economist 15 Mar. 123/1 His cantankerous old father's death..exacerbated tensions within the Gladstone clan and allowed William [Ewart Gladstone] to pass finally out of the arriviste milieu of Fasque to the graceful life of Hawarden.

1988 L. Gordon Eliot's New Life i. 9 Emily Hale was born..into the same Boston Brahmin milieu as Eliot's family.

b. Also Milieu. In France: the criminal underworld. Also: a group or organization belonging to it.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > world of criminals

twilight world1887

underworld1900

milieu1972

1972 Guardian 29 July 11/3 He had already entered small-time crime and made the acquaintance of a future leader of the ‘Milieu’.

1972 Times 4 Sept. 4/3 This is their excuse in Lyons—that they have to keep an eye on..the serious underworld, the milieu.

1985–6 Sight & Sound Winter 23/1 The eagle eye pinpointing the milieu and the tender one observing the pimp and the prostitute.

1987 N. Rankin Dead Man's Chest 210 The principled bravery that would lead..Graham Green [sic] to brave le milieu—the gangsters—of Nice.

Compounds

milieu therapy n. Psychology a form of psychotherapy based on the social environment evolved by the staff and patients in a residential treatment unit.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun] > psychotherapy > other

milieu therapy1939

logotherapy1948

Morita1953

1939 Bull. Menninger Clinic 3 184 In the case of a 16-year-old girl, diagnosed as sub-acute hebephrenic schizophrenia, ideal milieu therapy was impossible. It was necessary to rely solely on psychotherapeutic interviews at intervals of three to four weeks.

1961 R. Kee Refugee World 1 Their [sc. refugees'] removal from a filthy, over-crowded hut to shelter considered fit for human beings is disguised as ‘milieu therapy’.

1996 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 June 12/1 His very demanding milieu therapy for damaged personalities required that counselors, who spent long hours with the children..should also consult with Bettelheim as with a psychoanalyst.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	milieu
释义	milieun. Brit. /ˈmiːljəː/, /mɪlˈjəː/, U.S. /mɪlˈju/, /mɪlˈjə/ Inflections: Plural (pronounced same or /-z/). milieus, milieux. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French milieu. Etymology: < French milieu (12th cent. in Old French as miliu in sense ‘the middle’; 1639 in Descartes of a physical environment, 1809 in zoological use, 1842 in sense ‘social environment’, 1846 in sense 2a, 1921 in sense 2b) < mi- in the middle (c1100 in Old French; < classical Latin medius : see medium adj.) + lieu place (see lieu n.). Compare earlier juste milieu n. 1. An environment; surroundings, esp. social surroundings. Cf. medium n. 5b. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > state or condition > circumstance or circumstances > [noun] > environment, setting, or background setting1841 scenics1842 background1854 milieu1854 environment1855 conditions1856 surroundings1861 medium1865 ambient1902 the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surrounding > [noun] > that which surrounds > a surrounding space or area > totality of surroundings or environment circumstancea1340 encompassure1600 environry1600 vironry1600 attendment1646 circumambiency1646 ambience1648 environment1725 circumjacency1751 environ1762 environage1831 setting1841 enshrinement1849 entourage1850 milieu1854 surroundings1861 ambiente1862 mise-en-scène1871 surround1922 Umwelt1964 1854 ‘G. Eliot’ Let. 6 Apr. (1954) II. 149 I could no more live out of my milieu, than the haddocks I daresay you are often having for dinner. 1877 J. A. Symonds Reviv. Learning in Renaissance in Italy 4 The intellectual and moral milieu created by multitudes of self-centred, cultivated personalities was necessary for the evolution of that spirit of intelligence,..that formed the motive force of the Renaissance. 1893 Fortn. Rev. Mar. 322 I prepared a Milieu, consisting of seventy-five parts of broth and twenty-five parts of the liquid, to which I wished to habituate the Microbe. 1900 Daily News 15 Aug. 6/4 The story, which is set in a middle-class milieu, succeeds in being pleasantly homely. 1958 H. A. Wilmer Social Psychiatry in Action i. 21 The crucial point, however, is that a milieu was created that permitted recovery, rather than driving patients deeper into insanity. 1975 J. Rossiter Golden Virgin i. 11 Whitehall, a milieu in which you could look revoltingly nude without a bowler hat. 1994 E. Hobsbawm Age of Extremes (1995) 254 In such milieux the Uzi machine-gun (Israeli), the Kalashnikov rifle (Russian) and Semtex explosive (Czech) became household names. 2. a. A group of people with a shared (cultural) outlook; a social class or set. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] > other specific types of company rabblement1536 rabble rout?1589 quorum1596 besorta1616 flying squadron1670 alliance1703 minority1837 umma1885 lads1888 minority group1919 flying squad1927 milieu1927 focus group1938 visible minority1940 enclave1945 1927 Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 32 566 Among his innumerable experiences and activities only those enter into his social content which become of interest for his milieu or for himself. 1952 P. Bowles Let it come Down ii. xiii. 157 The American milieu in Tangier was peculiarly hermetic, not inclined to mix with the other diplomatic groups. 1954 I. Murdoch Under Net ii. 35 It's not easy to find someone whom one has mislaid for years in London, particularly if she belongs to the sort of milieu that Anna belonged to. 1960 A. S. Neill Summerhill ii. 96 In their milieu one could not live sexually together unless one was respectable—that is, married. 1970 D. Martin 50 Key Words: Sociol. 46 Milieu..may..designate an age-group with a definable élan such as students. 1975 Economist 15 Mar. 123/1 His cantankerous old father's death..exacerbated tensions within the Gladstone clan and allowed William [Ewart Gladstone] to pass finally out of the arriviste milieu of Fasque to the graceful life of Hawarden. 1988 L. Gordon Eliot's New Life i. 9 Emily Hale was born..into the same Boston Brahmin milieu as Eliot's family. b. Also Milieu. In France: the criminal underworld. Also: a group or organization belonging to it. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > [noun] > crime > a criminal or law-breaker > world of criminals twilight world1887 underworld1900 milieu1972 1972 Guardian 29 July 11/3 He had already entered small-time crime and made the acquaintance of a future leader of the ‘Milieu’. 1972 Times 4 Sept. 4/3 This is their excuse in Lyons—that they have to keep an eye on..the serious underworld, the milieu. 1985–6 Sight & Sound Winter 23/1 The eagle eye pinpointing the milieu and the tender one observing the pimp and the prostitute. 1987 N. Rankin Dead Man's Chest 210 The principled bravery that would lead..Graham Green [sic] to brave le milieu—the gangsters—of Nice. Compounds milieu therapy n. Psychology a form of psychotherapy based on the social environment evolved by the staff and patients in a residential treatment unit. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > psychiatry > [noun] > psychotherapy > other milieu therapy1939 logotherapy1948 Morita1953 1939 Bull. Menninger Clinic 3 184 In the case of a 16-year-old girl, diagnosed as sub-acute hebephrenic schizophrenia, ideal milieu therapy was impossible. It was necessary to rely solely on psychotherapeutic interviews at intervals of three to four weeks. 1961 R. Kee Refugee World 1 Their [sc. refugees'] removal from a filthy, over-crowded hut to shelter considered fit for human beings is disguised as ‘milieu therapy’. 1996 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 20 June 12/1 His very demanding milieu therapy for damaged personalities required that counselors, who spent long hours with the children..should also consult with Bettelheim as with a psychoanalyst. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1854
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