middle agen.adj.

Brit.

/ˌmɪdl ˈeɪdʒ/, U.S.

/ˌmɪd(ə)l ˈeɪdʒ/

Forms: see middle adj. and age n.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: middle adj., age n.

Etymology: < middle adj. + age n. With sense A. 1 compare classical Latin media aetas , medium aevum , medium tempus , German Mittelalter (1684). With sense A. 2 compare post-classical Latin media aetas , medium aevum , media tempestas , medium tempus (see note below), French moyen âge (1640; compare moyen-age adj. and n.), Italian medioevo (1813), German Mittelalter (1727). Compare later mid-age n. and adj.Post-classical Latin designations for the Middle Ages first appear in continental authors (especially in Basle) from the mid 15th and early 16th centuries: media tempestas (1469, Rome), media aetas (1522), media antiquitas (1519), media tempora (1531), medium tempus (1534; 1586 in a British source), medium aevum (1604; aevum medium 1610 in a British source). Bacon ( Novum Organum, 1620) in portraying history as a succession of rare Renaissances with Middle Ages between uses media tempora to refer not only to the Middle Ages in the modern sense, but also to the period between the flourishing of the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. Camden, author of the first quot. showing the phrase in the singular, also uses middle time (1605) and Latin medium tempus (1586). Spelman, author of the first quot. showing the phrase in the plural, uses in addition not only Latin media aetas and medium tempus (both 1626), but also medium seculum (singular) and media secula (plural, both 1625); compare French siecles moyens (1668), siecles metoyens (1656), siecles mitoyens (1659). Alternative appellations in German include die mittleren Zeiten (Lessing 1774), das mittlere Zeitalter (Wieland 1777), and Mittelzeit (Goethe 1812). The use of a plural form as the norm as in English is restricted to only a few languages: compare Dutch middeleeuwen (1811; earlier in singular form middeleeuw (1785)), and Russian srednie veka (the singular form srednevekov′e is chiefly a literary archaism). For an account of the theories of the ages of human life in medieval Europe (see sense A. 1) see J. A. Burrow The Ages of Man (1988). For a treatment of the various antecedents and the scope of the term the Middle Ages (see sense A. 2) see G. Gordon ‘Medium Aevum and the Middle Age’, S.P.E. Tract xix. (1925).

A. n.

1. The period of life between young adulthood and old age, now usually regarded as between about forty-five and sixty. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > middle-aged person > [noun] > middle age

middle lifec1330

middle agec1400

mid-agec1450

middle eldc1450

middle yearsc1450

meridian1607

a certain age1748

mid-life1818

middle term1839

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 7 (MED) I haue..moeued þe..of þi wylde wantounesse þo þow ȝonge were, To amende it in þi myddel age.

a1500 (?a1425) Ipomedon (Harl.) (1889) 1588 (MED) He had an eme..Of myddille age.

1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dvii Some in their youthe: som in their myddell age, and some in their last dayes.

1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets vii. sig. B2 Resembling strong youth in his middle age.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) IV. 51 That all thy spring, thy youth be spent in wantonnesse, all thy Summer, thy middle-age in ambition.

1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. ii. viii. 139 His Time of Life, which was only what is called Middle Age .

1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 26 On his bold visage middle age Had slightly pressed its signet sage.

1844 Southern Literary Messenger 10 215/2 The features of a comely woman of middle age.

1884 D. Pae Eustace 37 He was considerably past middle age.

1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 218 In youth her cheeks had been of cream and roses, but they were mottled now by middle age.

1975 Times 2 June 5/6 Like the Americans, Britain now feels that the [Nato] alliance has now reached middle-age.

1987 Sunday Times 4 Oct. 64/5 The happiest period of Cynthia's life was past middle age: when her children were grown up.

1999 Daily Mail 22 Apr. 13/5 In late middle age, he scampered off with second wife Penelope.

2. the Middle Ages (also (now rare) the Middle Age): the period in European history between ancient and modern times, now usually taken as extending from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (c500) to the fall of Constantinople (1453) or the beginning of the Renaissance (14th cent.); the medieval period; esp. the later part of this period, after 1000 (also figurative). Cf. dark ages n..At different times and by different writers the beginning of the period has been variously placed between 300 and 900. For the scope of the term, as well its history, see G. Gordon ‘Medium Aevum and the Middle Age’, S.P.E. Tract xix (1925).

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > the Middle Ages

the Middle Ages1605

dark ages1656

mid-age1845

moyen-age1849

α.

1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iii. 204/1 The primitiue tyme of the church,..the middle age, and..these our latter dayes of the church.]

1605 W. Camden Certaine Poems in Remaines of Greater Worke 2 I will onely giue you a taste of some of midle age, which was so ouercast with darke clouds, or rather thicke fogges of ignorance.

1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. sig. ¶4 After the reuiuing and repolishing of good Literature, (which the combustions and tumults of the middle Age had vnciuillized).

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1953) I. 303 It is a perplex't question in the School, (and truly the Balance in those of the middle age, very even) whether if Adam had not sinned, the son of God had come into the world, and taken our nature and our flesh upon him.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Age Middle Age denotes the space of time commencing from Constantine, and ending at the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, in the fifteenth century.

a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) i. 1 Addr. to..E. Hooper,..An Essay on the Taste and Literature of the Middle Age.

1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Virgula, the name of one of the ten notes used in the middle ages.

1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. v. 115 We have seen the importance ascribed to music generally by the great philosophers of the middle age.

1882 J. C. Morison Macaulay 70 His acquaintance with the Middle Age generally, may without injustice be pronounced slight.

1925 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure Eng.) No. XIX. 15 The Middle Age, as a working historical division, was only about the middle of the seventeenth century beginning to be recognized in educational routine.

1944 H. A. Hodges Wilhelm Dilthey 110 At the close of the Middle Age the emancipation of the special sciences began.

β. 1616 H. Spelman De non temerandis Ecclesiis (new ed.) 194 Great Clarks of our owne Church..reciteth some-what more briefly the former interpretations..as truly consonant to the tenor of the Psalme... But thus the eldest and newest expositors are wholly for mee, many also (& of the best of them) of the middle ages, none that I know against me.1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 108 It would have been some satisfaction to have seen by the Pictures, what the middle Ages, at least, had thought of them [sc. animals].1722 Mem. Literature VI. 296 Mr. Juncker,..has published in the German Language an Excellent Introduction to the Geography of the middle Ages.1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. x. 245 During the middle ages, (from the ninth to the twelfth century) whilst Christianity was advancing with a slow progress into the North.1819 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages (ed. 2) III. i. ix. 304 The Middle Ages, according to the division I have adopted, comprize about one thousand years, from the invasion of France by Clovis [c490] to that of Naples by Charles VIII [1494].1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 741/1 Middle ages,..the centuries between the ninth or tenth and the end of the fifteenth after Christ are generally comprehended under this loose denomination.1887 J. C. Morison Service of Man 177 The great hollow which is roughly called the Middle Ages, extending from the fifth to the fifteenth century.1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 403/2 During the greater part of the Middle Ages the ordeal, trial by battle and compurgation were the most widely used devices for ascertaining the guilt of the accused.1971 D. Crystal Linguistics 102 In the ‘middle ages’ of linguistics (the forties and fifties) this approach was..widespread.1993 BBC Music Mag. Apr. 49/1 Although vocal music in two or more parts (polyphony) flourished during the late Middle Ages, chant (monophony) remained the staple fare.

B. adj. Usually with hyphen.

1. Belonging to or characteristic of the Middle Ages; medieval. Cf. earlier middle-aged adj. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of the Middle Ages

middle-aged1611

Gothic1695

middle age1753

medieval1817

mid-eval1840

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Binomius In middle-age writers, denotes a person with two names.

1809 F. Plowden Hist. Ireland: Henry II to Union I. 82 The Greek, Roman, middle age, and modern accounts of druidism.

1844 L. S. Costello Béarn & Pyrenees: Legendary Tour I. 99 Numerous treasures of Gaulic and Roman and Middle-age art.

1869 F. W. Newman Misc. 46 Perhaps it incapacitated the Arabs and the middleage Schoolmen for all but formal reasoning.

1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 19/3 Such crimes..can only occur when a government combats modern science with Middle-Age methods.

2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of middle age; (of a person) in middle age, middle-aged. Cf. earlier middle-aged adj. 1. middle-age spread n. = middle-aged spread n. at middle-aged adj. 1b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > people > person > middle-aged person > [adjective] > characteristic of middle-aged people

middle-aged1853

middle age1898

1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 167 (title) Middle-age enthusiasms.

1935 A. Macarthur & H. K. Long No Mean City xii. 169 He was, for all his ‘middle-age spread’, sufficiently expert himself.

1963 Times 6 May 9/1 The butcher wants his beef before it has developed a middle-age spread.

1972 J. Porter Meddler & her Murder iii. 46 She was fighting a losing battle against the middle-age bulge.

1993 Classical Music Mag. (Mississauga, Ont.) Feb. 37/2 This symphony is the product of a successful middle-age musical craftsman.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	middle age
释义	middle agen.adj. Brit. /ˌmɪdl ˈeɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˌmɪd(ə)l ˈeɪdʒ/ Forms: see middle adj. and age n. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding. Etymons: middle adj., age n. Etymology: < middle adj. + age n. With sense A. 1 compare classical Latin media aetas , medium aevum , medium tempus , German Mittelalter (1684). With sense A. 2 compare post-classical Latin media aetas , medium aevum , media tempestas , medium tempus (see note below), French moyen âge (1640; compare moyen-age adj. and n.), Italian medioevo (1813), German Mittelalter (1727). Compare later mid-age n. and adj.Post-classical Latin designations for the Middle Ages first appear in continental authors (especially in Basle) from the mid 15th and early 16th centuries: media tempestas (1469, Rome), media aetas (1522), media antiquitas (1519), media tempora (1531), medium tempus (1534; 1586 in a British source), medium aevum (1604; aevum medium 1610 in a British source). Bacon ( Novum Organum, 1620) in portraying history as a succession of rare Renaissances with Middle Ages between uses media tempora to refer not only to the Middle Ages in the modern sense, but also to the period between the flourishing of the civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. Camden, author of the first quot. showing the phrase in the singular, also uses middle time (1605) and Latin medium tempus (1586). Spelman, author of the first quot. showing the phrase in the plural, uses in addition not only Latin media aetas and medium tempus (both 1626), but also medium seculum (singular) and media secula (plural, both 1625); compare French siecles moyens (1668), siecles metoyens (1656), siecles mitoyens (1659). Alternative appellations in German include die mittleren Zeiten (Lessing 1774), das mittlere Zeitalter (Wieland 1777), and Mittelzeit (Goethe 1812). The use of a plural form as the norm as in English is restricted to only a few languages: compare Dutch middeleeuwen (1811; earlier in singular form middeleeuw (1785)), and Russian srednie veka (the singular form srednevekov′e is chiefly a literary archaism). For an account of the theories of the ages of human life in medieval Europe (see sense A. 1) see J. A. Burrow The Ages of Man (1988). For a treatment of the various antecedents and the scope of the term the Middle Ages (see sense A. 2) see G. Gordon ‘Medium Aevum and the Middle Age’, S.P.E. Tract xix. (1925). A. n. 1. The period of life between young adulthood and old age, now usually regarded as between about forty-five and sixty. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > middle-aged person > [noun] > middle age middle lifec1330 middle agec1400 mid-agec1450 middle eldc1450 middle yearsc1450 meridian1607 a certain age1748 mid-life1818 middle term1839 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xii. 7 (MED) I haue..moeued þe..of þi wylde wantounesse þo þow ȝonge were, To amende it in þi myddel age. a1500 (?a1425) Ipomedon (Harl.) (1889) 1588 (MED) He had an eme..Of myddille age. 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Dvii Some in their youthe: som in their myddell age, and some in their last dayes. 1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets vii. sig. B2 Resembling strong youth in his middle age. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1959) IV. 51 That all thy spring, thy youth be spent in wantonnesse, all thy Summer, thy middle-age in ambition. 1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones I. ii. viii. 139 His Time of Life, which was only what is called Middle Age . View more context for this quotation 1810 W. Scott Lady of Lake i. 26 On his bold visage middle age Had slightly pressed its signet sage. 1844 Southern Literary Messenger 10 215/2 The features of a comely woman of middle age. 1884 D. Pae Eustace 37 He was considerably past middle age. 1906 J. Galsworthy Man of Prop. 218 In youth her cheeks had been of cream and roses, but they were mottled now by middle age. 1975 Times 2 June 5/6 Like the Americans, Britain now feels that the [Nato] alliance has now reached middle-age. 1987 Sunday Times 4 Oct. 64/5 The happiest period of Cynthia's life was past middle age: when her children were grown up. 1999 Daily Mail 22 Apr. 13/5 In late middle age, he scampered off with second wife Penelope. 2. the Middle Ages (also (now rare) the Middle Age): the period in European history between ancient and modern times, now usually taken as extending from the fall of the Roman Empire in the West (c500) to the fall of Constantinople (1453) or the beginning of the Renaissance (14th cent.); the medieval period; esp. the later part of this period, after 1000 (also figurative). Cf. dark ages n..At different times and by different writers the beginning of the period has been variously placed between 300 and 900. For the scope of the term, as well its history, see G. Gordon ‘Medium Aevum and the Middle Age’, S.P.E. Tract xix (1925). ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [noun] > the Middle Ages the Middle Ages1605 dark ages1656 mid-age1845 moyen-age1849 α. 1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. iii. 204/1 The primitiue tyme of the church,..the middle age, and..these our latter dayes of the church.] 1605 W. Camden Certaine Poems in Remaines of Greater Worke 2 I will onely giue you a taste of some of midle age, which was so ouercast with darke clouds, or rather thicke fogges of ignorance. 1624 H. Wotton Elements Archit. sig. ¶4 After the reuiuing and repolishing of good Literature, (which the combustions and tumults of the middle Age had vnciuillized). a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1953) I. 303 It is a perplex't question in the School, (and truly the Balance in those of the middle age, very even) whether if Adam had not sinned, the son of God had come into the world, and taken our nature and our flesh upon him. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Age Middle Age denotes the space of time commencing from Constantine, and ending at the taking of Constantinople by the Turks, in the fifteenth century. a1780 J. Harris Philol. Inq. (1781) i. 1 Addr. to..E. Hooper,..An Essay on the Taste and Literature of the Middle Age. 1786 T. Busby Compl. Dict. Music Virgula, the name of one of the ten notes used in the middle ages. 1834 K. H. Digby Mores Catholici V. v. 115 We have seen the importance ascribed to music generally by the great philosophers of the middle age. 1882 J. C. Morison Macaulay 70 His acquaintance with the Middle Age generally, may without injustice be pronounced slight. 1925 S.P.E. Tract (Soc. for Pure Eng.) No. XIX. 15 The Middle Age, as a working historical division, was only about the middle of the seventeenth century beginning to be recognized in educational routine. 1944 H. A. Hodges Wilhelm Dilthey 110 At the close of the Middle Age the emancipation of the special sciences began. β. 1616 H. Spelman De non temerandis Ecclesiis (new ed.) 194 Great Clarks of our owne Church..reciteth some-what more briefly the former interpretations..as truly consonant to the tenor of the Psalme... But thus the eldest and newest expositors are wholly for mee, many also (& of the best of them) of the middle ages, none that I know against me.1699 M. Lister Journey to Paris (new ed.) 108 It would have been some satisfaction to have seen by the Pictures, what the middle Ages, at least, had thought of them [sc. animals].1722 Mem. Literature VI. 296 Mr. Juncker,..has published in the German Language an Excellent Introduction to the Geography of the middle Ages.1776 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall I. x. 245 During the middle ages, (from the ninth to the twelfth century) whilst Christianity was advancing with a slow progress into the North.1819 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages (ed. 2) III. i. ix. 304 The Middle Ages, according to the division I have adopted, comprize about one thousand years, from the invasion of France by Clovis [c490] to that of Naples by Charles VIII [1494].1842 W. T. Brande Dict. Sci., Lit. & Art 741/1 Middle ages,..the centuries between the ninth or tenth and the end of the fifteenth after Christ are generally comprehended under this loose denomination.1887 J. C. Morison Service of Man 177 The great hollow which is roughly called the Middle Ages, extending from the fifth to the fifteenth century.1924 Amer. Mercury Dec. 403/2 During the greater part of the Middle Ages the ordeal, trial by battle and compurgation were the most widely used devices for ascertaining the guilt of the accused.1971 D. Crystal Linguistics 102 In the ‘middle ages’ of linguistics (the forties and fifties) this approach was..widespread.1993 BBC Music Mag. Apr. 49/1 Although vocal music in two or more parts (polyphony) flourished during the late Middle Ages, chant (monophony) remained the staple fare. B. adj. Usually with hyphen. 1. Belonging to or characteristic of the Middle Ages; medieval. Cf. earlier middle-aged adj. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the past > historical period > [adjective] > of the Middle Ages middle-aged1611 Gothic1695 middle age1753 medieval1817 mid-eval1840 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. at Binomius In middle-age writers, denotes a person with two names. 1809 F. Plowden Hist. Ireland: Henry II to Union I. 82 The Greek, Roman, middle age, and modern accounts of druidism. 1844 L. S. Costello Béarn & Pyrenees: Legendary Tour I. 99 Numerous treasures of Gaulic and Roman and Middle-age art. 1869 F. W. Newman Misc. 46 Perhaps it incapacitated the Arabs and the middleage Schoolmen for all but formal reasoning. 1913 Sat. Evening Post (Philadelphia) 22 Feb. 19/3 Such crimes..can only occur when a government combats modern science with Middle-Age methods. 2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of middle age; (of a person) in middle age, middle-aged. Cf. earlier middle-aged adj. 1. middle-age spread n. = middle-aged spread n. at middle-aged adj. 1b. ΘΚΠ the world > people > person > middle-aged person > [adjective] > characteristic of middle-aged people middle-aged1853 middle age1898 1898 T. Hardy Wessex Poems 167 (title) Middle-age enthusiasms. 1935 A. Macarthur & H. K. Long No Mean City xii. 169 He was, for all his ‘middle-age spread’, sufficiently expert himself. 1963 Times 6 May 9/1 The butcher wants his beef before it has developed a middle-age spread. 1972 J. Porter Meddler & her Murder iii. 46 She was fighting a losing battle against the middle-age bulge. 1993 Classical Music Mag. (Mississauga, Ont.) Feb. 37/2 This symphony is the product of a successful middle-age musical craftsman. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.c1400
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