bale-firen.

/ˈbeɪlfʌɪə/

Forms: Old English bǽl-fýr, Middle English– bale-; also ScottishMiddle English bayle-, 1500s baill-, bald-, 1500s–1800s bail-, 1700s beal-, 1800s bele-, beal-, bael-, baal-fire.

Etymology: Found in Old English poetry: then not till the 14th cent.; and till lately confined to Scotch. Not in Johnson, nor in Todd 1818. Compound of bale n.² + fire n. and int.; the former part was apparently at times confused with bale n.¹: compare balowe-fire ‘fatal or evil fire’ already in 15th cent., and the use of bale-fire by various modern writers as if = ‘lurid, ghastly fire.’ Antiquaries, with theories of Celtic or Canaanitish idolatry, have written beal- , Baal-fire : compare Beltane n.

1. A great fire in the open air, a blazing pile or heap kindled to consume anything. In Old English spec. the fire of a funeral pile.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense

baleOE

bale-firec1400

balowe-firec1430

Mongibel1632

inferno1894

OE Beowulf 3143 Ongunnon þá on beorge bǽlfýra mæst..weccan.

c1400 Melayne 488 Thay tuke þ^e grete lordes with Ire, And brynte þam in þat bale fire.

1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 722 Bot thou tell in bayle-fir sall thou de.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 355 In ane baill fyre thai brint it all in as.

c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 As plutois paleis hed been birnand in ane bald fyir.

1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xxxviii. 27 The fires of death, The bale-fires flash on high.

1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake i. viii. 86 They set ane bele-fire him about, To burn him skin and bone.

1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 190 The horrible illumination flung by the bale-fires of martyrdom upon the palace and gardens of the Beast.

2. A great fire kindled as a signal; a beacon-fire. (Only 19th cent.: apparently first used by Sir W. Scott. The contemporary name was simply bale.)

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > luminous signals > [noun] > fire signal > beacon

beacon1377

lightc1425

firebome1440

bale1455

cresset-light1525

flambeau1688

coal-light1775

bale-fire1805

needfire1805

ward-fire1859

beaconage1862

fanal-

1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. i. 93 Sweet Teviot! on thy silver tide, The glaring bale-fires blaze no more.

1861 Black's Guide Sussex 536 Crowborough was one of the beacon stations..where the bale-fire was lighted.

1864 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxvii, in Monthly Packet Feb. 143 The bail fire announced the appearance of the enemy.

3. Any great fire, a bonfire, feu de joie.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense > for celebration

fire of joy1554

feu de joie1609

tandle1788

bale-fire1810

joy-fire1845

1810 T. Campbell Poems in Two Vols. I. 79 Beal-fires for your jubilee, Upon an hundred mountains glow'd.

1851 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire III. xxiii. 16 He caused the city to be illuminated with torches and balefires.

1852 D. M. Moir Burns Fest. in Wks. II. 7 Stir the beal-fire, wave the banner, Bid the thundering cannon sound.

4. ? Associated with bale n.¹

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun]

woughc888

naughteOE

manOE

evilness1000

fakenOE

witherfulnessc1200

lithera1225

villainy?c1225

lithernessa1240

unwrastshipa1250

felonyc1290

shrewheadc1290

litherhead1297

illa1300

wicknessa1300

follyc1300

iniquity13..

shrewdom13..

wickhedec1305

shrewdheadc1315

shrewdnessc1315

unwrastnessc1315

wickednessa1340

malicea1382

unequityc1384

lewdnessa1387

mischiefa1387

wickedleka1400

wickedredea1400

badnessc1400

shrewdshipc1400

shrewnessc1425

ungoodlihead1430

wickdomc1440

rudenessc1451

mauvasty1474

unkindliness1488

noughtinessa1500

perversenessa1500

illnessc1500

filthiness?1504

noisomeness1506

naughtiness?1529

noughtihoodc1540

inexcellence1590

improbity1593

flagition1598

meschancy1609

scelerateness1613

pravity1620

meschantnessa1630

flagitiousness1692

flagitiosity1727

nefariousness1727

bale-fire1855

ill-conditionedness1866

iniquitousness1870

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > quality

loathnessc1175

grievousness1303

malicea1382

noyfulnessa1398

mischievousness1567

harmfulnessa1586

balefulness1590

illnessc1595

hurt1608

hurtfulness1611

mischief1646

noxiousness1655

deleteriousness1758

maleficence1796

vice1837

bale-fire1855

disutility1879

nocuousness1894

disvalue1925

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic III. vi. i. 377 The focus of discord..from whence radiated..the bale-fires of murderous licence and savage anarchy.

1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxxvii. 17 With blue bale-fires revealing the innermost caverns of the hungry sea.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	bale-fire
释义	bale-firen. /ˈbeɪlfʌɪə/ Forms: Old English bǽl-fýr, Middle English– bale-; also ScottishMiddle English bayle-, 1500s baill-, bald-, 1500s–1800s bail-, 1700s beal-, 1800s bele-, beal-, bael-, baal-fire. Etymology: Found in Old English poetry: then not till the 14th cent.; and till lately confined to Scotch. Not in Johnson, nor in Todd 1818. Compound of bale n.² + fire n. and int.; the former part was apparently at times confused with bale n.¹: compare balowe-fire ‘fatal or evil fire’ already in 15th cent., and the use of bale-fire by various modern writers as if = ‘lurid, ghastly fire.’ Antiquaries, with theories of Celtic or Canaanitish idolatry, have written beal- , Baal-fire : compare Beltane n. 1. A great fire in the open air, a blazing pile or heap kindled to consume anything. In Old English spec. the fire of a funeral pile. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense baleOE bale-firec1400 balowe-firec1430 Mongibel1632 inferno1894 OE Beowulf 3143 Ongunnon þá on beorge bǽlfýra mæst..weccan. c1400 Melayne 488 Thay tuke þ^e grete lordes with Ire, And brynte þam in þat bale fire. 1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) iv. l. 722 Bot thou tell in bayle-fir sall thou de. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. 355 In ane baill fyre thai brint it all in as. c1550 Complaynt Scotl. (1979) vi. 33 As plutois paleis hed been birnand in ane bald fyir. 1812 Ld. Byron Childe Harold: Cantos I & II i. xxxviii. 27 The fires of death, The bale-fires flash on high. 1813 J. Hogg Queen's Wake i. viii. 86 They set ane bele-fire him about, To burn him skin and bone. 1882 F. W. Farrar Early Days Christianity II. 190 The horrible illumination flung by the bale-fires of martyrdom upon the palace and gardens of the Beast. 2. A great fire kindled as a signal; a beacon-fire. (Only 19th cent.: apparently first used by Sir W. Scott. The contemporary name was simply bale.) ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > signalling > visual signalling > luminous signals > [noun] > fire signal > beacon beacon1377 lightc1425 firebome1440 bale1455 cresset-light1525 flambeau1688 coal-light1775 bale-fire1805 needfire1805 ward-fire1859 beaconage1862 fanal- 1805 W. Scott Lay of Last Minstrel iv. i. 93 Sweet Teviot! on thy silver tide, The glaring bale-fires blaze no more. 1861 Black's Guide Sussex 536 Crowborough was one of the beacon stations..where the bale-fire was lighted. 1864 C. M. Yonge Cameos lxvii, in Monthly Packet Feb. 143 The bail fire announced the appearance of the enemy. 3. Any great fire, a bonfire, feu de joie. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > a fire > [noun] > a kind of fire > immense > for celebration fire of joy1554 feu de joie1609 tandle1788 bale-fire1810 joy-fire1845 1810 T. Campbell Poems in Two Vols. I. 79 Beal-fires for your jubilee, Upon an hundred mountains glow'd. 1851 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire III. xxiii. 16 He caused the city to be illuminated with torches and balefires. 1852 D. M. Moir Burns Fest. in Wks. II. 7 Stir the beal-fire, wave the banner, Bid the thundering cannon sound. 4. ? Associated with bale n.¹ ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > [noun] woughc888 naughteOE manOE evilness1000 fakenOE witherfulnessc1200 lithera1225 villainy?c1225 lithernessa1240 unwrastshipa1250 felonyc1290 shrewheadc1290 litherhead1297 illa1300 wicknessa1300 follyc1300 iniquity13.. shrewdom13.. wickhedec1305 shrewdheadc1315 shrewdnessc1315 unwrastnessc1315 wickednessa1340 malicea1382 unequityc1384 lewdnessa1387 mischiefa1387 wickedleka1400 wickedredea1400 badnessc1400 shrewdshipc1400 shrewnessc1425 ungoodlihead1430 wickdomc1440 rudenessc1451 mauvasty1474 unkindliness1488 noughtinessa1500 perversenessa1500 illnessc1500 filthiness?1504 noisomeness1506 naughtiness?1529 noughtihoodc1540 inexcellence1590 improbity1593 flagition1598 meschancy1609 scelerateness1613 pravity1620 meschantnessa1630 flagitiousness1692 flagitiosity1727 nefariousness1727 bale-fire1855 ill-conditionedness1866 iniquitousness1870 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > quality loathnessc1175 grievousness1303 malicea1382 noyfulnessa1398 mischievousness1567 harmfulnessa1586 balefulness1590 illnessc1595 hurt1608 hurtfulness1611 mischief1646 noxiousness1655 deleteriousness1758 maleficence1796 vice1837 bale-fire1855 disutility1879 nocuousness1894 disvalue1925 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic III. vi. i. 377 The focus of discord..from whence radiated..the bale-fires of murderous licence and savage anarchy. 1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxxvii. 17 With blue bale-fires revealing the innermost caverns of the hungry sea. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1885; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.OE
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