mongolismn.

Brit.

/ˈmɒŋɡəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/ˈmɑŋɡəˌlɪz(ə)m/

Forms: also with capital initial.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Mongol n., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < Mongol n. (see etymological note at that entry) + -ism suffix.

1. In form Mongolism. Behaviour or policy considered characteristic of Mongols (sense 1a).

ΚΠ

1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 68/2 The Caucasian civilization has shot itself westward..lastly..crossing the Atlantic, and meeting in America with a diffused and degenerate Mongolism.

1886 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 15 Feb. 2/1 It is Americanism asserting itself against the debased and servile Mongolism of Asia.

1915 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 327 Russian autocracy went to school with Mongolism, Byzantinism and Prussianism.

2005 Slavic & E. European Jrnl. 49 86 In the philosophy of Russian Scythianism, Mongolism and Scythianism epitomize two diametrically opposite..principles: while the Mongols embody the spirit of annihilation and destruction, the Scythians are associated with creativity and completeness.

2. Originally Medicine. = Down's syndrome n. at Down n.⁵ 1. Now historical.The word was used in this sense following the similar use of Mongolian (see Mongolian adj. 3), but is now considered to be misleading and offensive; the term Down's syndrome was proposed to replace it in 1961 (see quots. 1961², 1982).

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > type of

idiotry1488

idiocy1607

cretinage1790

cretinism1791

infantilism1895

mongolism1899

mental handicap1912

1899 Practitioner Dec. 638 We have seen that, clinically considered, Mongolism is a form of congenital imbecility with physical changes and defects.

1924 Psyche 5 1 It is..well known that a certain type of mental and physical backwardness has long been described, under the name of ‘Mongolism’.

1961 R. D. Baker Essent. Pathol. xxii. 615 Cases of..spina bifida and meningocele, mongolism, and cerebral palsy occur at the rate of 1 or 2 of each of these conditions per 1000 births.

1961 Lancet 21 Oct. 935/1 Our contributors prefer Down's syndrome to mongolism because they believe that the term ‘mongolism’ has misleading racial connotations and is hurtful to many parents.

1982 Daily Tel. 2 Nov. 6/7 A campaign was launched yesterday to encourage greater use of the term ‘Down's Syndrome’ and to phase out ‘mongol, mongolism and mongoloid’.

1999 M. Jackson in W. Ernst & B. Harris Race, Sci. & Med., 1700–1960 viii. 177 Many contemporary medical writers discounted pathology of the thyroid gland as a causative factor in the aetiology of ‘mongolism’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mongolism
释义	mongolismn. Brit. /ˈmɒŋɡəlɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /ˈmɑŋɡəˌlɪz(ə)m/ Forms: also with capital initial. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: Mongol n., -ism suffix. Etymology: < Mongol n. (see etymological note at that entry) + -ism suffix. 1. In form Mongolism. Behaviour or policy considered characteristic of Mongols (sense 1a). ΚΠ 1849 Chambers's Information for People (new ed.) II. 68/2 The Caucasian civilization has shot itself westward..lastly..crossing the Atlantic, and meeting in America with a diffused and degenerate Mongolism. 1886 Daily Evening Bull. (San Francisco) 15 Feb. 2/1 It is Americanism asserting itself against the debased and servile Mongolism of Asia. 1915 Fortn. Rev. Feb. 327 Russian autocracy went to school with Mongolism, Byzantinism and Prussianism. 2005 Slavic & E. European Jrnl. 49 86 In the philosophy of Russian Scythianism, Mongolism and Scythianism epitomize two diametrically opposite..principles: while the Mongols embody the spirit of annihilation and destruction, the Scythians are associated with creativity and completeness. 2. Originally Medicine. = Down's syndrome n. at Down n.⁵ 1. Now historical.The word was used in this sense following the similar use of Mongolian (see Mongolian adj. 3), but is now considered to be misleading and offensive; the term Down's syndrome was proposed to replace it in 1961 (see quots. 1961², 1982). ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > mental deficiency > [noun] > type of idiotry1488 idiocy1607 cretinage1790 cretinism1791 infantilism1895 mongolism1899 mental handicap1912 1899 Practitioner Dec. 638 We have seen that, clinically considered, Mongolism is a form of congenital imbecility with physical changes and defects. 1924 Psyche 5 1 It is..well known that a certain type of mental and physical backwardness has long been described, under the name of ‘Mongolism’. 1961 R. D. Baker Essent. Pathol. xxii. 615 Cases of..spina bifida and meningocele, mongolism, and cerebral palsy occur at the rate of 1 or 2 of each of these conditions per 1000 births. 1961 Lancet 21 Oct. 935/1 Our contributors prefer Down's syndrome to mongolism because they believe that the term ‘mongolism’ has misleading racial connotations and is hurtful to many parents. 1982 Daily Tel. 2 Nov. 6/7 A campaign was launched yesterday to encourage greater use of the term ‘Down's Syndrome’ and to phase out ‘mongol, mongolism and mongoloid’. 1999 M. Jackson in W. Ernst & B. Harris Race, Sci. & Med., 1700–1960 viii. 177 Many contemporary medical writers discounted pathology of the thyroid gland as a causative factor in the aetiology of ‘mongolism’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1849
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