Molochn.

Brit.

/ˈməʊlɒk/, U.S.

/ˈmɑlək/,

/ˈmoʊˌlɑk/

Forms: 1600s– Moloch, 1800s Molock.

Origin: From a proper name. Etymons: proper name Moloch, Μολόχ.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin Moloch (Vulgate) and Hellenistic Greek Μολόχ (Septuagint) < Hebrew mōleḵ, name of a Canaanite god, the original form of which is believed to have been meleḵ king (used as a title of the god; compare forms cited in note below), pronounced by post-exilic Jews with the vowels of bōšeṯ ‘shame’ in order to mark their aversion to idolatry.Names containing the same Semitic element meaning ‘king’ (see malik n.) are found among other ancient peoples, e.g. ‘Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites’ (1 Kings 11:5), ‘Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim’ (2 Kings 17:31), Phoenician Mlk (probably Milk ) and Mlqrt (probably Melqart ), Malik in Ugaritic and Mesopotamian texts, and Palmyrene Malakbel . The Bible of 1611 has the name always as Molech , except in Amos 5:26, where it has ‘your Moloch’ (though the Masoretic reading of the Hebrew is malkĕḵem ‘your king’). The earlier English versions spell the name Moloch after the Vulgate. The worship of Moloch seems to have been associated with the sacrifice of children by burning (Leviticus 18:21). The rabbinical teaching (compare Mishnah Sanhedrin 7:7) that children were burnt alive (being placed in the arms of the idol, whence they fell into the flames) is widely known, and has influenced the extended use. The god is represented by Milton as one of the devils:1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 392 Moloch, horrid King besmear'd with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents tears. In sense 2 < scientific Latin moloch , specific name (Hoffmannsegg 1807, in Magazin f. die Neuesten Entdeckungen in der Gesammten Naturkunde 1 97). In sense 3 < scientific Latin Moloch , genus name (see quot. 1841 at sense 3). In sense 4 < scientific Latin moloch, specific name (J. B. Audebert Hist. Nat. Singes & Makis (1799) Première famille §2. 3).

1. Also occasionally moloch. A person or thing to which extreme or terrible sacrifices are made; a terrible or remorselessly destructive person or force.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > sacrifice for sake of higher claim > object to which sacrifices are made

Moloch1615

1615 T. Adams Englands Sicknes sig. G3 Would they not as willingly have sacrific'd through the fire to their Moloch of Rome, the whole church?

1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα Embleme Trees sig. ** 2 He never set up any soveraign and unepiscopal Presbytery as an Idol or Moloch.

1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman xii. 409 What a number of human sacrifices are made to that moloch prejudice!

1799 Sporting Mag. 12 332 The moloch to whom her honour and happiness had been sacrificed.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. App. C p. x The Molocks [sic] of human nature.

1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 394/2 More lives have been sacrificed to the Moloch of high pressure steam, than [etc.].

1882 J. W. Barlow Ultimatum of Pessimism 49 The trouble of rearing new victims for the Moloch of culture.

1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby iii. 63 Progress seems always to involve a trampling underfoot. It is a Moloch whose chariot-wheels spurt blood at every turn.

1922 K. Burke Let. 1 May in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 83 We have a Moloch of a stove which eats up my wood shamelessly.

1992 M. Almond Rise & Fall N. & E. Ceauşescu (BNC) 171 For years, marble was refused to people wanting it for tombs to provide a supply for the Moloch of Bucharest [sc. the presidential palace].

†2. The dusky titi, Callicebus moloch (family Cebidae), a small monkey of the Amazonian rainforest. Usually attributive. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > family Cebidae > genus Callicebus (titi)

mico1604

sagoin1607

cagui1753

titi1756

Moloch1827

titi1851

1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom V. 34 The Moloch.

1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 155 The Moloch Callithrix.

1882 Nature 30 Nov. 114/2 The additions to the Zoological Society's Gardens during the last week include..a Moloch Monkey (Callithrix moloch).

1893 Royal Nat. Hist. I. 173 Another Brazilian species is the Moloch titi (Callithrix moloch).

1896 List Vertebrated Animals Gardens Zool. Soc. (ed. 9) 40 Genus Callithrix... Moloch Teetee.

3. Usually moloch. The thorny devil, Moloch horridus (family Agamidae), a small orange and brown lizard of grotesque appearance that is covered with thorny spines and is native to the deserts of inland Australia (more fully Moloch lizard); also called mountain devil, spiny lizard. Also (in form Moloch): the monotypic genus that comprises this lizard.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > moloch horridus (thorny devil)

Moloch1841

mountain devil1870

thorny devil1899

1841 J. E. Gray in G. Grey Jrnls. Two Exped. Discov. Austral. II. 440 Moloch, Gray.—Body depressed, covered with small, granular plates... I have named this genus..after ‘Moloch, horrid king’... Moloch horridus.

1855 J. Bonwick Geogr. Austral. & N.Z. (ed. 3) 200 The Moloch lizard has horns on its head and spines on its back.

1893 Daily News 22 Dec. 5/4 Australia produces many curiosities..but few are greater oddities in..appearance than the Moloch lizard.

a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. ii. 29 Among lizards the horned toad of Arizona and the moloch of Australia are like artists' grotesques.

1945 ‘Master-Sarg’ Yank discovers Austral. 74 The Moloch Lizard..you can find..in the desert with some sand and stones.

1969 A. Bellairs Life of Reptiles II. vi. 310 Perhaps the most prickly of all lizards are the little short-tailed iguanids known as horned lizards..and the very similar-looking agamids called thorny devils (Moloch) from Australia.

1989 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 236/3 The moloch is an inhabitant of sandy deserts of Australia, and it feeds on black ants.

4. In full Moloch gibbon. The rare Javan or silvery gibbon, Hylobates moloch, of western Java.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > monkey

apea700

mercat1481

jackanapesa1529

monkey1530

pug1598

puggy1662

meerkat1801

monkey-man1819

monk1841

simian1861

Moloch1929

1929 R. M. Yerkes & A. W. Yerkes Great Apes i. iv. 28 (caption) The ‘Moloch’, perhaps the gray gibbon or wau-wau, Hylobates leuciscus. From Audebert, 1800.

1978 Internat. Zoo Yearbk. 18 162/1 Moloch gibbon: Hitherto referred to as the Silvery gibbon, it is a beautiful blue-grey colour when adult.

1980 S. P. Gittins & J. J. Raemaekers in D. J. Chivers Malayan Forest Primates iii. 66 Other long-term field studies include those of..Marcus Kappeler..on the moloch gibbon in west Java and Srikosamatara.

1984 D. Macdonald Encycl. Mammals I. 417 The greatest changes occurred subsequently in the eastern group,..with Müller's and Moloch gibbons evolving on Borneo and Java, respectively.

Derivatives

† Molochship n. Obsolete a mock title for a cruel or ruthless person.Apparently an isolated use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > idol > of specific deity or idol

Juggernaut1638

Molochship1661

tiki1777

Baphomet1848

Shiva1931

1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 17 To set himself up as an Idol,..and make the very streets of London, like the Valley of Hinnon, by burning the bowels of men as a sacrifice to his Moloch-ship.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	moloch
释义	Molochn. Brit. /ˈməʊlɒk/, U.S. /ˈmɑlək/, /ˈmoʊˌlɑk/ Forms: 1600s– Moloch, 1800s Molock. Origin: From a proper name. Etymons: proper name Moloch, Μολόχ. Etymology: < post-classical Latin Moloch (Vulgate) and Hellenistic Greek Μολόχ (Septuagint) < Hebrew mōleḵ, name of a Canaanite god, the original form of which is believed to have been meleḵ king (used as a title of the god; compare forms cited in note below), pronounced by post-exilic Jews with the vowels of bōšeṯ ‘shame’ in order to mark their aversion to idolatry.Names containing the same Semitic element meaning ‘king’ (see malik n.) are found among other ancient peoples, e.g. ‘Milcom the abomination of the Ammonites’ (1 Kings 11:5), ‘Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim’ (2 Kings 17:31), Phoenician Mlk (probably Milk ) and Mlqrt (probably Melqart ), Malik in Ugaritic and Mesopotamian texts, and Palmyrene Malakbel . The Bible of 1611 has the name always as Molech , except in Amos 5:26, where it has ‘your Moloch’ (though the Masoretic reading of the Hebrew is malkĕḵem ‘your king’). The earlier English versions spell the name Moloch after the Vulgate. The worship of Moloch seems to have been associated with the sacrifice of children by burning (Leviticus 18:21). The rabbinical teaching (compare Mishnah Sanhedrin 7:7) that children were burnt alive (being placed in the arms of the idol, whence they fell into the flames) is widely known, and has influenced the extended use. The god is represented by Milton as one of the devils:1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 392 Moloch, horrid King besmear'd with blood Of human sacrifice, and parents tears. In sense 2 < scientific Latin moloch , specific name (Hoffmannsegg 1807, in Magazin f. die Neuesten Entdeckungen in der Gesammten Naturkunde 1 97). In sense 3 < scientific Latin Moloch , genus name (see quot. 1841 at sense 3). In sense 4 < scientific Latin moloch, specific name (J. B. Audebert Hist. Nat. Singes & Makis (1799) Première famille §2. 3). 1. Also occasionally moloch. A person or thing to which extreme or terrible sacrifices are made; a terrible or remorselessly destructive person or force. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] > sacrifice for sake of higher claim > object to which sacrifices are made Moloch1615 1615 T. Adams Englands Sicknes sig. G3 Would they not as willingly have sacrific'd through the fire to their Moloch of Rome, the whole church? 1659 J. Gauden Ἱερα Δακρυα Embleme Trees sig. ** 2 He never set up any soveraign and unepiscopal Presbytery as an Idol or Moloch. 1792 M. Wollstonecraft Vindic. Rights Woman xii. 409 What a number of human sacrifices are made to that moloch prejudice! 1799 Sporting Mag. 12 332 The moloch to whom her honour and happiness had been sacrificed. 1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. App. C p. x The Molocks [sic] of human nature. 1838 Civil Engineer & Architect's Jrnl. 1 394/2 More lives have been sacrificed to the Moloch of high pressure steam, than [etc.]. 1882 J. W. Barlow Ultimatum of Pessimism 49 The trouble of rearing new victims for the Moloch of culture. 1911 E. M. Clowes On Wallaby iii. 63 Progress seems always to involve a trampling underfoot. It is a Moloch whose chariot-wheels spurt blood at every turn. 1922 K. Burke Let. 1 May in Sel. Corr. K. Burke & M. Cowley (1988) 83 We have a Moloch of a stove which eats up my wood shamelessly. 1992 M. Almond Rise & Fall N. & E. Ceauşescu (BNC) 171 For years, marble was refused to people wanting it for tombs to provide a supply for the Moloch of Bucharest [sc. the presidential palace]. †2. The dusky titi, Callicebus moloch (family Cebidae), a small monkey of the Amazonian rainforest. Usually attributive. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > family Cebidae > genus Callicebus (titi) mico1604 sagoin1607 cagui1753 titi1756 Moloch1827 titi1851 1827 E. Griffith et al. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom V. 34 The Moloch. 1875 Encycl. Brit. II. 155 The Moloch Callithrix. 1882 Nature 30 Nov. 114/2 The additions to the Zoological Society's Gardens during the last week include..a Moloch Monkey (Callithrix moloch). 1893 Royal Nat. Hist. I. 173 Another Brazilian species is the Moloch titi (Callithrix moloch). 1896 List Vertebrated Animals Gardens Zool. Soc. (ed. 9) 40 Genus Callithrix... Moloch Teetee. 3. Usually moloch. The thorny devil, Moloch horridus (family Agamidae), a small orange and brown lizard of grotesque appearance that is covered with thorny spines and is native to the deserts of inland Australia (more fully Moloch lizard); also called mountain devil, spiny lizard. Also (in form Moloch): the monotypic genus that comprises this lizard. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > reptiles > order Squamata (lizards and snakes) > suborder Lacertilia (lizards) > [noun] > family Agamidae (dragon lizards) > moloch horridus (thorny devil) Moloch1841 mountain devil1870 thorny devil1899 1841 J. E. Gray in G. Grey Jrnls. Two Exped. Discov. Austral. II. 440 Moloch, Gray.—Body depressed, covered with small, granular plates... I have named this genus..after ‘Moloch, horrid king’... Moloch horridus. 1855 J. Bonwick Geogr. Austral. & N.Z. (ed. 3) 200 The Moloch lizard has horns on its head and spines on its back. 1893 Daily News 22 Dec. 5/4 Australia produces many curiosities..but few are greater oddities in..appearance than the Moloch lizard. a1933 J. A. Thomson Biol. for Everyman (1934) I. ii. 29 Among lizards the horned toad of Arizona and the moloch of Australia are like artists' grotesques. 1945 ‘Master-Sarg’ Yank discovers Austral. 74 The Moloch Lizard..you can find..in the desert with some sand and stones. 1969 A. Bellairs Life of Reptiles II. vi. 310 Perhaps the most prickly of all lizards are the little short-tailed iguanids known as horned lizards..and the very similar-looking agamids called thorny devils (Moloch) from Australia. 1989 Encycl. Brit. VIII. 236/3 The moloch is an inhabitant of sandy deserts of Australia, and it feeds on black ants. 4. In full Moloch gibbon. The rare Javan or silvery gibbon, Hylobates moloch, of western Java. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Primates > suborder Anthropoidea (higher primates) > [noun] > monkey apea700 mercat1481 jackanapesa1529 monkey1530 pug1598 puggy1662 meerkat1801 monkey-man1819 monk1841 simian1861 Moloch1929 1929 R. M. Yerkes & A. W. Yerkes Great Apes i. iv. 28 (caption) The ‘Moloch’, perhaps the gray gibbon or wau-wau, Hylobates leuciscus. From Audebert, 1800. 1978 Internat. Zoo Yearbk. 18 162/1 Moloch gibbon: Hitherto referred to as the Silvery gibbon, it is a beautiful blue-grey colour when adult. 1980 S. P. Gittins & J. J. Raemaekers in D. J. Chivers Malayan Forest Primates iii. 66 Other long-term field studies include those of..Marcus Kappeler..on the moloch gibbon in west Java and Srikosamatara. 1984 D. Macdonald Encycl. Mammals I. 417 The greatest changes occurred subsequently in the eastern group,..with Müller's and Moloch gibbons evolving on Borneo and Java, respectively. Derivatives † Molochship n. Obsolete a mock title for a cruel or ruthless person.Apparently an isolated use. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > [noun] > idol > of specific deity or idol Juggernaut1638 Molochship1661 tiki1777 Baphomet1848 Shiva1931 1661 A. Cowley Vision Cromwell 17 To set himself up as an Idol,..and make the very streets of London, like the Valley of Hinnon, by burning the bowels of men as a sacrifice to his Moloch-ship. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2002; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1615
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