moutonn.¹

Brit.

/ˈmuːtɒn/, U.S.

/ˈmuˌtɑn/

Forms: Middle English mowton, Middle English mutoun, Middle English–1500s moton, Middle English–1500s motoun, Middle English– mouton, 1500s motton, 1600s mutton; Scottish pre-1700 moutoun, pre-1700 mowtown, pre-1700 mutoun, pre-1700 muttone, pre-1700 muttown, pre-1700 mwtown, 1800s mutton.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mouton.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mouton, moton, motoun, etc., and Middle French, French mouton battering ram (mid 12th cent. in Old French in form multon ; compare ram n.¹), gold coin (late 13th cent. in Old French), siege engine that throws stones (late 14th cent. in Froissart), person placed in a prison in order to obtain the confession of an accused person (1769), elaborately worked sheepskin, worn like a fur (1821; 1260 in Old French in sense ‘leather made from sheepskin’), specific senses of mouton mutton n. N.E.D. (1902) gives the non-naturalized pronunciation (mūtoṅ) /mutɔ̃/ for sense 3.

1. A French gold coin (also called agnel), weighing 4.68 grams and bearing the figure of the Lamb of God, first issued by Philip IV of France (reigned 1285–1314), and current into the 15th cent. Also: a similar coin issued by the English in their French possessions and by local rulers in the Low Countries. Also more fully mouton d'or. Now historical.The ‘mouton’ issued by Edward III and Henry V for use in the English possessions in France is said to have had the value of five shillings sterling.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > gold

mouton1357

francc1405

rial1420

salute145.

lew1467

royala1513

angelot1515

sanchet1643

louis1689

louis d'or1689

pavilion1757

Napoleon1814

double Napoleon1816

nap1820

leopard-

1357 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 65 (MED) [80000 florins called] motons.

1370 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 121 (MED) [To his damage 500] motons dor.

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 23 Mede..merciede hem alle..Þe leste man of here mayne a mutoun [c1400 B text motoun; c1400 C text moton] of gold.

c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 100 (MED) Men clepe in þis contrey gold of biȝende þe see, Scutys, Motouns, or floryns.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxii A Moton is a Coyne vsed in Fraunce and Brytaygne, And is of value after the rate of sterlynge money vpon v.s. or theraboute.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxxi. 208 These thre estates [sc. in France, 1356] made newe money to be forged of fyne gold, called moutons.

1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 229 Certeyne skinnes, of this beast [sc. the Panther], whiche were valued, at 5000 mottons of gold.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 142 My father..will pay you gallantly—a French mutton for every hide I have spoiled.

1894 S. Lane-Poole Coins & Medals 111 The gold coins of Edw. III. were the guiennois..and mouton (Paschal Lamb).

1894 S. Lane-Poole Coins & Medals 112 Henry V. struck in gold moutons and demi-moutons.

1962 R. A. G. Carson Coins 271 In Gelderland the French mouton d'or with its type of the Paschal lamb with pennant was imitated by Edward (1359–71), from 1360 with the title of Duke of Gelderland.

1962 R. A. G. Carson Coins 600 (list of illustrations) Anglo-Gallic; Henry V,..mouton, c1420.

2. Military. A kind of siege engine; esp. one employed at the siege of Ghent in 1382. Cf. ram n.¹ 3a. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista

ballistaeOE

ginc1325

mangonelc1325

springalc1330

ballistc1384

scorpionc1384

tormentc1384

trebuchet1388

fowler1420

dondainec1430

onagera1460

perrier1481

trabuch?1482

bricole1489

coillard1489

mouton1489

sambuca1489

martinet1523

racket1535

sling1535

brake1552

catapult1577

sweep1598

sling-dart1600

petrary1610

espringal1614

scorpion-bowa1629

swafe1688

sackbut1756

mangona1773

matafunda1773

lombard1838

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxiv. sig. Kj^v Whiche engyne gyueth hys strokes euen soo as a rame doeth whan he reculeth a bak for to hurte whith hys hornes, and therfore is thys engyne called a Mouton.

1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccciiii. 701 They..made..a marueylus gret engyn, xx. fote large and xl. foote longe; they called this engyn a moton; it was to cast gret stones into the towne to beate downe houses.

1860 J. Hewitt Anc. Armor & Weapons in Europe II. 327 Structures of carpentry launching forth large stones by means of weights, levers and slings. Of such are the Martinet, the Bricole and the Mouton.

1934 G. C. Stone Gloss. Arms & Armor 458/1 Mouton, a huge engine forty feet long, twenty wide and twenty high used for throwing stones at the siege of Ghent in 1382.

3. A spy quartered in a prison with an accused person with the aim of obtaining incriminating evidence. Now rare.

ΚΠ

1804 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 442 A mouton or jail-spy [was] quartered in his chamber.

1902 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. II. ix. 239 A mouton or prison-spy had extracted much of the truth from Bailey.

4. The dressed skin of a sheep used for clothing, esp. when cut and dyed to resemble beaver or seal fur.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of sheep

sheepskinc1175

wool-fell1422

woolskinc1440

mouton1950

1950 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. Mouton, the skin of sheep, usually of Merino Sheep, processed, sheared, and dyed to resemble beaver or a certain type of seal.

1963 Retail Trading-Standards Assoc. Bull. Aug.–Sept. 3/1 The following names [for furs] may be used notwithstanding the general rule:—Animal: Sheep (skin). Accepted Trade Name: Lamb or Mouton.

1973 B. Wright Four Seasons North 71 Hoods [of parkas] are warmly lined with fake mouton.

1994 D. Schoemperlen In Lang. of Love xii. 66 It was a mouton coat, so heavy that Joanna could barely lift it.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

Moutonn.²

Brit.

/ˈmuːtɒn/, U.S.

/ˈmuˌtɑn/

Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mouton.

Etymology: < the name of Château Mouton (which became the Château Mouton-Rothschild when purchased by the Rothschild family in 1853), a wine-producing estate in the Bordeaux region of France. Compare Mouton-Rothschild n.

A red Bordeaux wine of the Haut-Médoc, produced by the Château Mouton estate; (now) esp. Mouton Rothschild.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > French wines > [noun] > Bordeaux red

claret?1533

Bordeauxc1570

Haut-Brion1663

terse1671

Margaux1705

Lafite1707

long cork1759

Médoc1793

loll-shraub1816

comet claret1828

Latour1833

Mouton1833

palus1833

St. Emilion1833

Larose1841

Pauillac1858

Pontet-Canet1860

Pomerol1866

Léoville1875

Mouton-Rothschild1880

1833 C. Redding Hist. Mod. Wines iv. 150 The wine next in quality to Lafitte is that of Mouton..of which the produce is from a hundred to a hundred and forty tuns.

1860 C. Redding French Wines & Vineyards ix. 82 Messrs. Scott,..and d'Armailhac, at Mouton,..are the largest producers... The famous Bran-Mouton is from this district.

1864 Wine Trade Rev. 19 Nov. 60/1 The claret ‘Mouton’ grown in the territory of Pauillac, belonging to Baron Rothschild.

1877 A. Trollope Amer. Senator II. xv. 156 I think you will find that claret what you like... It's a '57 Mouton.

1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum vii. 61 It's the old ‘Mouton’, and pretty nearly the last of it; it's very old and wants drinking.

1967 A. Lichine Encycl. Wines & Spirits 372/1 Mouton was already highly rated in 1855 when Médoc wines were classified.

1991 Wine Spectator 15 May 77/1 The 1878, a beautifully integrated Mouton with plenty of plum, blackberry and cassis notes (rated 99).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	mouton
释义	moutonn.¹ Brit. /ˈmuːtɒn/, U.S. /ˈmuˌtɑn/ Forms: Middle English mowton, Middle English mutoun, Middle English–1500s moton, Middle English–1500s motoun, Middle English– mouton, 1500s motton, 1600s mutton; Scottish pre-1700 moutoun, pre-1700 mowtown, pre-1700 mutoun, pre-1700 muttone, pre-1700 muttown, pre-1700 mwtown, 1800s mutton. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French mouton. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman mouton, moton, motoun, etc., and Middle French, French mouton battering ram (mid 12th cent. in Old French in form multon ; compare ram n.¹), gold coin (late 13th cent. in Old French), siege engine that throws stones (late 14th cent. in Froissart), person placed in a prison in order to obtain the confession of an accused person (1769), elaborately worked sheepskin, worn like a fur (1821; 1260 in Old French in sense ‘leather made from sheepskin’), specific senses of mouton mutton n. N.E.D. (1902) gives the non-naturalized pronunciation (mūtoṅ) /mutɔ̃/ for sense 3. 1. A French gold coin (also called agnel), weighing 4.68 grams and bearing the figure of the Lamb of God, first issued by Philip IV of France (reigned 1285–1314), and current into the 15th cent. Also: a similar coin issued by the English in their French possessions and by local rulers in the Low Countries. Also more fully mouton d'or. Now historical.The ‘mouton’ issued by Edward III and Henry V for use in the English possessions in France is said to have had the value of five shillings sterling. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > French coins > gold mouton1357 francc1405 rial1420 salute145. lew1467 royala1513 angelot1515 sanchet1643 louis1689 louis d'or1689 pavilion1757 Napoleon1814 double Napoleon1816 nap1820 leopard- 1357 in M. T. Löfvenberg Contrib. Middle Eng. Lexicogr. & Etymol. (1946) 65 (MED) [80000 florins called] motons. 1370 in A. H. Thomas Cal. Plea & Mem. Rolls London Guildhall (1929) II. 121 (MED) [To his damage 500] motons dor. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. iii. 23 Mede..merciede hem alle..Þe leste man of here mayne a mutoun [c1400 B text motoun; c1400 C text moton] of gold. c1450 (?c1400) Three Kings Cologne (Cambr. Ee.4.32) (1886) 100 (MED) Men clepe in þis contrey gold of biȝende þe see, Scutys, Motouns, or floryns. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. cxii A Moton is a Coyne vsed in Fraunce and Brytaygne, And is of value after the rate of sterlynge money vpon v.s. or theraboute. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. clxxi. 208 These thre estates [sc. in France, 1356] made newe money to be forged of fyne gold, called moutons. 1562 G. Legh Accedens of Armory 229 Certeyne skinnes, of this beast [sc. the Panther], whiche were valued, at 5000 mottons of gold. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth vi, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. I. 142 My father..will pay you gallantly—a French mutton for every hide I have spoiled. 1894 S. Lane-Poole Coins & Medals 111 The gold coins of Edw. III. were the guiennois..and mouton (Paschal Lamb). 1894 S. Lane-Poole Coins & Medals 112 Henry V. struck in gold moutons and demi-moutons. 1962 R. A. G. Carson Coins 271 In Gelderland the French mouton d'or with its type of the Paschal lamb with pennant was imitated by Edward (1359–71), from 1360 with the title of Duke of Gelderland. 1962 R. A. G. Carson Coins 600 (list of illustrations) Anglo-Gallic; Henry V,..mouton, c1420. 2. Military. A kind of siege engine; esp. one employed at the siege of Ghent in 1382. Cf. ram n.¹ 3a. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > [noun] > ballista ballistaeOE ginc1325 mangonelc1325 springalc1330 ballistc1384 scorpionc1384 tormentc1384 trebuchet1388 fowler1420 dondainec1430 onagera1460 perrier1481 trabuch?1482 bricole1489 coillard1489 mouton1489 sambuca1489 martinet1523 racket1535 sling1535 brake1552 catapult1577 sweep1598 sling-dart1600 petrary1610 espringal1614 scorpion-bowa1629 swafe1688 sackbut1756 mangona1773 matafunda1773 lombard1838 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes ii. xxxiv. sig. Kj^v Whiche engyne gyueth hys strokes euen soo as a rame doeth whan he reculeth a bak for to hurte whith hys hornes, and therfore is thys engyne called a Mouton. 1523 Ld. Berners tr. J. Froissart Cronycles I. cccciiii. 701 They..made..a marueylus gret engyn, xx. fote large and xl. foote longe; they called this engyn a moton; it was to cast gret stones into the towne to beate downe houses. 1860 J. Hewitt Anc. Armor & Weapons in Europe II. 327 Structures of carpentry launching forth large stones by means of weights, levers and slings. Of such are the Martinet, the Bricole and the Mouton. 1934 G. C. Stone Gloss. Arms & Armor 458/1 Mouton, a huge engine forty feet long, twenty wide and twenty high used for throwing stones at the siege of Ghent in 1382. 3. A spy quartered in a prison with an accused person with the aim of obtaining incriminating evidence. Now rare. ΚΠ 1804 Edinb. Rev. Jan. 442 A mouton or jail-spy [was] quartered in his chamber. 1902 A. Lang Hist. Scotl. II. ix. 239 A mouton or prison-spy had extracted much of the truth from Bailey. 4. The dressed skin of a sheep used for clothing, esp. when cut and dyed to resemble beaver or seal fur. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > skin or hide > skin with hair attached or fur > [noun] > of sheep sheepskinc1175 wool-fell1422 woolskinc1440 mouton1950 1950 Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. Add. Mouton, the skin of sheep, usually of Merino Sheep, processed, sheared, and dyed to resemble beaver or a certain type of seal. 1963 Retail Trading-Standards Assoc. Bull. Aug.–Sept. 3/1 The following names [for furs] may be used notwithstanding the general rule:—Animal: Sheep (skin). Accepted Trade Name: Lamb or Mouton. 1973 B. Wright Four Seasons North 71 Hoods [of parkas] are warmly lined with fake mouton. 1994 D. Schoemperlen In Lang. of Love xii. 66 It was a mouton coat, so heavy that Joanna could barely lift it. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). Moutonn.² Brit. /ˈmuːtɒn/, U.S. /ˈmuˌtɑn/ Origin: From a proper name. Etymon: proper name Mouton. Etymology: < the name of Château Mouton (which became the Château Mouton-Rothschild when purchased by the Rothschild family in 1853), a wine-producing estate in the Bordeaux region of France. Compare Mouton-Rothschild n. A red Bordeaux wine of the Haut-Médoc, produced by the Château Mouton estate; (now) esp. Mouton Rothschild. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > wine > French wines > [noun] > Bordeaux red claret?1533 Bordeauxc1570 Haut-Brion1663 terse1671 Margaux1705 Lafite1707 long cork1759 Médoc1793 loll-shraub1816 comet claret1828 Latour1833 Mouton1833 palus1833 St. Emilion1833 Larose1841 Pauillac1858 Pontet-Canet1860 Pomerol1866 Léoville1875 Mouton-Rothschild1880 1833 C. Redding Hist. Mod. Wines iv. 150 The wine next in quality to Lafitte is that of Mouton..of which the produce is from a hundred to a hundred and forty tuns. 1860 C. Redding French Wines & Vineyards ix. 82 Messrs. Scott,..and d'Armailhac, at Mouton,..are the largest producers... The famous Bran-Mouton is from this district. 1864 Wine Trade Rev. 19 Nov. 60/1 The claret ‘Mouton’ grown in the territory of Pauillac, belonging to Baron Rothschild. 1877 A. Trollope Amer. Senator II. xv. 156 I think you will find that claret what you like... It's a '57 Mouton. 1898 E. N. Westcott David Harum vii. 61 It's the old ‘Mouton’, and pretty nearly the last of it; it's very old and wants drinking. 1967 A. Lichine Encycl. Wines & Spirits 372/1 Mouton was already highly rated in 1855 when Médoc wines were classified. 1991 Wine Spectator 15 May 77/1 The 1878, a beautifully integrated Mouton with plenty of plum, blackberry and cassis notes (rated 99). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹1357n.²1833
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moutonn.1

Moutonn.2

moutonn.¹

Moutonn.²