mummyn.¹

Brit.

/ˈmʌmi/, U.S.

/ˈməmi/

Forms: Middle English mummye, Middle English–1600s mumie, Middle English–1600s mumme, Middle English–1700s mummie, 1600s mommeis (plural), 1600s momy, 1600s mumey, 1600s mummey, 1600s mummi, 1600s numie (transmission error), 1600s–1700s (1800s– English regional (midlands)) mommy, 1600s–1700s (1800s– English regional (Yorkshire)) mumy, 1600s– mummy; Scottish pre-1700 mummye, pre-1700 1700s (1800s– Shetland) mummie, pre-1700 1700s– mummy, 1900s– mommi (Shetland).

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French mumie, momie; Latin mumia.

Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman mumie and Middle French, French momie, mommie (13th cent. in Old French as nommie (probably transmission error) in sense ‘a bituminous substance used to embalm corpses’ and in poldre de mommie denoting a medicinal drug; 15th cent. as mummie , 1582 as mumie in sense ‘body embalmed according to ancient Egyptian procedures’), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin mumia (11th cent.), mummia (9th cent.; a1250 in a British source) a bituminous substance, also (as mumia ) an embalmed corpse, substance, essence (1652 in a British source, in latter sense with reference to Paracelsus: see sense 2b) < Arabic mūmiyā bitumen, resinous substance used medicinally (also in mūmiyā qubūrū ‘sepulchral bitumen’, found in Egypt and believed to be used by the Greeks for embalming (13th cent.)); compare Persian mūmiyā'ī . Compare Old Occitan momia (14th cent. denoting a substance used in embalming), Italian mummia (14th cent. in sense ‘compound of many ingredients used to embalm corpses’, a1492 denoting an embalmed corpse, 1598 in Florio glossed ‘a drug made of dead mens flesh’), Spanish momia , †mumia (1250 in sense ‘bitumen’, 1386 in sense ‘liquid issuing from mummified human flesh’, mid 15th cent. in sense ‘mummified corpse’), Portuguese múmia (c1318 as maminha in sense ‘tarry substance secreted by mummified bodies’, 14th cent. as mominha , 15th cent. as muminha , 1504 as momia in sense ‘mummified corpse’), and also Dutch mummie (1599 in medical sense, second half of the 17th cent. in sense ‘mummified corpse’), German Mumie (1497 in medical sense in the passage translated in quot. 1525 at sense 1a, first half of the 16th cent. as mummea (plural) in sense ‘mummified corpse’, 17th cent. as mommi ), Swedish mumie (late 16th cent. in medical sense, early 18th cent. in sense ‘mummified corpse’), Danish mumie . Compare mummia n.The word came to the West primarily via the school of medicine at Salerno in the Middle Ages.

I. A bituminous substance, and related senses.

a. A substance prepared for medicinal use from mummified (usually human) flesh (see sense 5a). Now historical.Belief in the medicinal powers of the bituminous liquid which could be extracted from the bodies of ancient Egyptian mummies apparently arose because of its resemblance to pissasphalt (see sense 2a). Later, similar powers were ascribed to mummified flesh itself, which was often used in the form of a powder.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > gums and viscid products > [noun]

guma1382

mucilagea1400

mummya1400

mummia?a1425

emulsion1612

mucage1657

a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 153 (MED) Take oile of rosis..terbentine..mummie [v.r. mumie].

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 138 (MED) Anoþer emplaister to þe same, Take mummie, glue..bole armoniak, aloes, ana halfe, ane ounce mastik.

?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 196^v (MED) Mummia, Mummie, is founden in dede mennes graues, þer as þei ben buryed wiþ preciouse oynementis.

1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. xciii. sig. R iv Take..Mumie .vi. barley cornes heuy.

1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 201 And these dead bodies are the Mummie which the Phisitians and Apothecaries doe against our willes make vs to swallow.

1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London 39 Though his breath bee rancker than a Muck-hill, his bodye more drye than Mummi, and his minde more lame than Ignorance it selfe.

1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xii. 448 Embalming them [sc. the bodies of hanged men] with salt and Drugges they dryed them in an Oven, so to sell them thus adulterated in steed of true Mummie.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Mumie or Mummie..is digged out of the Graves..of those bodies that were embalmed, and is called Arabian Mummie. The second kind is onely an equal mixture of the Jews Lime and Bitumen [etc.].

1716 A. Pope Further Acct. E. Curll 19 The Mummy of some deceas'd Moderator of the General Assembly in Scotland, to be taken inwardly as an effectual Antidote against Antichrist.

1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 75 My taste for dead bodies, and every thing like mummy, is decided.

1886 Spectator 13 Mar. 348/1 In cases of severe prostration and debility, pounded mummy and human bones are administered.

1999 Fortean Times July 34 Much of what was sold as mummy was in fact made of the decomposing bodies of humans or animals who may have died of all sorts of communicable diseases.

b. A pulpy substance or mass; pulp. Esp. in to beat (also smash, thrash, etc.) to a mummy (earlier into mummy, to mummy).Quot. 1601 may be an illustration of sense 1a.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > types of softness > [noun] > pulpiness or mushiness > pulp

pomace1555

mash1598

mummy1601

pulp1633

pomate1699

pulpament1699

pummy1754

mush1824

pash1825

smush1825

1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. A4 I verily beleeue the hanging of one man, to worke better effects amongst men, then twentie made into mummie.

1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke i. v. sig. I^v If you gull me now, Il'e giue you leaue to make mummy of me.

1662 R. Brathwait Chimneys Scuffle 3 That those whose Fortunes are not worth a straw Should be thus pounc'd to Mummie.

1693 G. Powell Very Good Wife iv. 30 The Conclusion is, that if I ever hear you mention my Name in any sense whatsoever, I'll beat thee into Mummy.

1699 Protestant Mercury 4–6 Oct. 2/1 They..almost Thrash'd him to Mummy.

1724 W. Forbes Xantippe 5 This put me past all Sense, so that—G— damn me, I scarce forbare to beat the Rogue to Mummie.

1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 52 It must be very thick and dry, and not the Rice boiled to a Mummy.

1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 680 The most horrible machines, calculated for grinding to mummy those unhappy criminals.

1834 Tracts for Times No. 22. 2 These little mountaineers [sc. Scottish ponies] got in at a weak place in the hedge..and trod the garden, as one may say, to a mummy.

1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights II. vii. 128 I believe the master would relish Earnshaw's thrashing him to a mummy.

1890 Leeds Mercury 28 May 5/7 John Crow..stated that..her face appeared to be smashed to a ‘mummy’.

a1903 J. P. Kirk in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 201/1 [S. Nottinghamshire] Ah don't like my taters boiled to a mummy.

†c. Flesh; esp. the flesh of a carcass, dead flesh. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun]

lichc893

dust?a1000

holdc1000

bonesOE

stiff onea1200

bodyc1225

carrion?c1225

licham?c1225

worms' food or ware?c1225

corsec1250

ashc1275

corpsec1315

carcass1340

murraina1382

relicsa1398

ghostc1400

wormes warec1400

corpusc1440

scadc1440

reliefc1449

martc1480

cadaverc1500

mortc1500

tramort?a1513

hearse1530

bulk1575

offal1581

trunk1594

cadaverie1600

relicts1607

remains1610

mummya1616

relic1636

cold meat1788

mortality1827

death bone1834

deader1853

stiff1859

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 17 The water swelles a man; and what a thing should I haue beene, when I had beene swel'd? I should haue beene a Mountaine of Mummie [1602 By the Lord a mountaine of money] .

a1631 J. Donne Loves Alchymie in Poems (1633) 230 Hope not for minde in women; at their best, Sweetnesse, and wit they'are, but, Mummy, possest.

1689 C. Goodall Poems & Transl. 162 That Dogs may lay his Carcase bare, And Messes of his Mummy tear.

†d. figurative. The preserved essence of something. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation from decay, loss, or destruction > that which is preserved

mummy1642

preservea1682

preservation1796

1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xvii. 426 Many men are murdered merely for their wealth, that other men may make mummey of the fat of their estates.

1663 J. Howell Poems 9 Rich Magazin of Patterns, which..dost Brave Men embalm..And of their Memories dost Mummy make.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 338 With these philosophic financiers, this universal medicine made of church mummy is to cure all the evils of the state.

†e. Dried or desiccated meat. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > dried meat

mummy1666

vivdaa1688

charqui1688

pemmican1743

pounded meat1775

tasajo1783

taureau1794

jerk1799

biltong1815

tasso1841

jerky1848

bak kwa1960

1666 E. Tonge Let. 17 Mar. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) III. 116 Either dried porke hath somewhat repugnant to other meates, or it will eagerly reimbibe its owne or the like gravie, if returned to the Tub..; after 16 yeares it may be eaten, though not commended, & keepes yet after 20 yeares in momy.

1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 11 Our way..is to make Mummy of them [sc. Wobbles], that is, to salt them well, and dry them in an earthen pot well glazed in an Oven.

†2.

a. A naturally occurring bituminous substance with supposed medicinal properties; = pissasphalt n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > mineral medicine > [noun] > medicines prepared from other minerals

king's silverc1400

sulphurc1400

cerusec1405

mummy1601

sal-prunella1664

prunella salt1721

antimonial1728

mummia1770

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 183 Of Pissasphalt or Mummie [Fr. Mumie].

1626 F. Bacon Sylva Sylvarum x. 261 Mummy hath great force in Stanching of Bloud.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 129 Most remarkable, is a precious liquor or mummy growing here... It distills (in June only) from the top of those stupendious mountaines every yeere about five ounces.

1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. iii. 42 The Country, of itself, affords or produces very few valuable Commodities, besides Coffee, and some Drugs, such as Myrrh,..some Gum Arabick and Mummy.

b. A sovereign remedy. Also (after Paracelsus): = mummia n. 2 (see quot. 1728). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > supremely effective medicine

treacle?1543

magisterium1585

magistery1594

mummy1605

elixir1632

mummia1652

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 279 Or holy Nectar..Or blest Ambrosia..Or else Nepenthe..Or Mummie? or Elixir..? No, none of these.

1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 168 This worke is very admirable; by which the true numie [read mumie], the uniuersal medicine, and the true balsam conseruing and restoring nature, is made.

1658 J. Robinson Endoxa x. 52 Here was no mummie of the Wound, nor Mundane Soul required.

1671 J. Blagrave Astrol. Pract. Physick 157 How by the Magnet of ones Body to extract a Spiritual Mummy whereby to cure most Diseases incident unto the body of Man.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Mummy is also used by some Physicians for I know not what implanted Spirit, found chiefly in Carcasses, when the infused Spirit is fled. The infused Spirit is sometimes also call'd Mummy in living Subjects.

†3. Horticulture. A kind of grafting wax made with pitch and turpentine, also used to protect the roots of transplanted trees. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > grafting wax

mummy1721

grafting wax1728

grafting clay1802

1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 173 I have taken notice of a new invented Method of transplanting Trees with Safety, by means of a Vegetable Mummy.

1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 211 Gardeners grafting mummy, consisting of a mixture of bees-wax, rosin, and pitch.

1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 97 Water..which mixing with the earth naturally adhering to their roots, forms of itself a kind of mummy.

4. A semi-liquid bituminous substance used as a brown pigment. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments

brown1549

umberc1568

castory1590

wood-colour1622

burnt umbera1650

Cologne earth1658

Spanish brown1660

raw umber1702

bistre1728

Siena1787

raw sienna1797

Terra Siennaa1817

sepia1821

brown ochre1823

bone brown1831

indigo-brown1838

mummy1854

Cassel brown1860

Prussian brown1860

mineral brown1869

Cappagh brown1875

Verona brown1889

1854 F. W. Fairholt Dict. Terms Art Mummy, a bituminous substance employed by painters as a rich brown tint... The better kinds of mummy form useful grey tints mixed with ultramarine.

1885 J. S. Taylor Field's Chromatogr. Modernized 160 Mummy varies exceedingly in its composition and properties... It is only used as an oil-colour.

1951 R. Mayer Artist's Handbk. (new ed.) 56 Mummy. Bone ash and asphaltum, obtained by grinding up Egyptian mummies... Its use was suddenly discontinued in the nineteenth century when its composition became generally known to artists.

II. Extended uses.

a. The body of a human being or animal with its internal organs removed, which has been embalmed and wrapped in linen bandages in preparation for burial.The practice of mummification is often associated particularly with ancient Egypt.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] > embalmed

skelet1603

mummy1615

1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 133 The Mummes (lying in a place where many generations haue had their sepultures) not far above Memphis.

1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 167 The Egyptians..were wont of old to guild the nails of the Dead, as appears by their Mummies.

c1710 Mack Gregory's Advt. 2 The Burial-Places of the Mommies near Memphis.

1786 R. P. Knight Acct. Worship of Priapus 95 Impressions of exactly the same kind are found upon the little Talismans, or mystic pastes, taken out of the Egyptian Mummies.

1841 Bellamy in Rep. Brit. Assoc. ii. 75 Description of two Peruvian Mummies.

1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 129 The mummies wrapped in their linen bandages, I see that the times began to need reform as long ago as when they walked the earth.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xxii. 170 Three months of camp life on Lake Tahoe would restore an Egyptian mummy to his pristine vigor.

1900 W. M. F. Petrie Dendereh 59/1 Mr. Thomas has kindly sent me the following identifications of the animal mummies from the catacombs.

1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room ix. 178 There the Elgin Marbles lie, all night long, old Jones's lantern sometimes recalling Ulysses, or a horse's head; or sometimes a flash of gold, or a mummy's sunk yellow cheek.

1975 B. Bainbridge Sweet William i. 34 Until now it was as if she had been wrapped in strips of cloth like an Egyptian mummy.

1999 KMT Winter 84/2 We will not..put the tombs with the in situ mummies on public display.

b. In extended use.

ΚΠ

1672 J. Dryden Prol. to Albumazar in Covent Garden Drolery 88 They stript the living, but they rob the dead: 'Twill with the mummey with the mummey of the Muses Play, And make love to 'em, the Ægyptian, way.

1786 J. Ledyard Let. 20 Dec. in Journey through Russia (1966) 120 I dined today with..a Stiff rumped Calvanistical Chaplain and his mummy of a Wife.

1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen vi. 96 A mere Oriental, who, for creative purposes, is a thing dead and dry—a mental mummy.

1876 L. Stephen Hist. Eng. Thought 18th Cent. II. xii. vii. 435 The old theological dogmas had become mere mummies.

1917 E. R. Burroughs Princess of Mars xx. 224 A door opened..and a strange, dried up, little mummy of a man came toward me.

c. spec. An embalmed corpse which has been brought back to life (occurring esp. as a stock character in horror films).

ΚΠ

1933 Variety 10 Jan. 15/4 Revival of the mummy comes comparatively early in the running time. The transformation of Karloff's Im-Ho-Tep from a clay-like figure in a coffin to a living thing is the highlight.

1985 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 6 May c6 The story is a gothic melange incorporating werewolves, vampires, mummies, family curses..that sort of thing.

2001 Ad Hoc (Oxford) 25 May 17/1 Think of the mummy and you think of a vast, lumbering monstrous creature, brainless and violent.

a. A naturally preserved human or animal body, esp. one desiccated by exposure to the sun or dry air, or frozen in ice.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] > desiccated

anatomy1586

mummy1728

the world > animals > animal body > [noun] > unhealthy animal > carcass or slain animal > frozen carcass embedded in ice

mummy1875

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are two kinds of Bodies call'd by the Term Mummy. The first are only Carcasses, dried by the Heat of the Sun.

1866 F. T. Buckland Curiosities Nat. Hist. 3rd Ser. II. 47 Since then I saw..another guano mummy described..as follows:—‘This mummy was brought to Liverpool from Possession Island, western coast of Africa.’

1875 W. H. Dall in W. W. Beach Indian Misc. (1877) 349 Most of the [Alaskan] mummies were wrapped up in skins or matting.

1925 W. Cather Professor's House ii. iv. 214 At last we came upon..a dried human body, a woman... She..had dried into a mummy in that water-drinking air.

1990 New Scientist 28 July 47/1 The findings from the excavation and necropsy of Blue Babe, the mummy found near Fairbanks, Alaska, have generated new ideas about the processes that create frozen mummies.

1995 Minnesota Monthly Apr. 116/2 You have natural mummies that don't decompose at all, in bogs or very arid, dry conditions.

b. Entomology. An insect that has been reduced to a dry shell by a parasitic fungus, etc.

ΚΠ

1888 Amer. Naturalist 22 367 The pébrine mummy contains only the minute oval spores of the parasite.

1909 Science 24 Dec. 929/1 He has been..impressed with the evidence he saw in the form of innumerable plant-louse mummies.

1957 Bull. Entomol. Res. 48 621 Each day the insects which had emerged from the collected mummies were removed, identified, sexed, and recorded.

1993 Apidologie 24 383 This analysis was conducted on mycelium isolated from mummies produced in 47 field outbreaks of chalkbrood and on 3 reference strains.

c. An apple, plum, or other fruit made brown and desiccated by disease, esp. brown rot.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with crop or food plants > fruit or fruit plants

leaf curl1850

fly-speck1855

vine-mildew1855

vine-fungus1857

leaf blister1858

blister1864

peach-blister1866

charbon1882

crown rot1888

melanose1888

plum pocket1888

peach leaf curl1890

brown rot1894

mummy1902

sooty blotch1909

rhubarb disease1911

spur blight1915

red core1936

sclerotinia1950

Sigatoka1958

1902 Science 4 July 34/1 The apothecia appear with the flowers of the peach, and arise from the sclerotia in the ‘mummy’ fruits covered by slightly moist soil.

1909 B. M. Duggar Fungous Dis. Plants xi. 190 The fruit which has decayed may fall to the ground or hang upon trees, gradually shrinking with evaporation each to a crumpled dried mass, generally known as a mummy.

1952 E. Ramsden tr. E. Gram & H. Weber Plant Dis. ii. 153/2 Similar mummies that have fallen..may very rarely produce clusters of small brown-stalked cup-shaped apothecia.

1984 D. A. Roberts & C. W. Boothroyd Fund. Plant Pathol. (ed. 2) xvii. 221 Diseased fruits tend to persist, and hang in the tree as ‘mummies’.

7. Stock Market slang. An Egyptian stock or bond. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > types of

joint stock1615

fancya1652

water stock1675

Bank stock1694

India stock1702

government stock1734

inscription1800

gas stock1820

railway stock1836

common stock1852

floater1871

blue chip1874

trunks1892

traction1896

omnium1902

mummy1903

motors1908

rollover1947

blue-chipper1953

red chip1968

large-cap1982

small cap1984

1903 Westm. Gaz. 17 Feb. 11/1 Certain prophets were busy over ‘Mummies’ months ago.

Compounds

C1.

a. General attributive.

mummy box n.

ΚΠ

1832 G. Long Brit. Mus. Egypt. Antiq. I. xi. 255 We must distinguish the god when standing upright in complete mummy equipment, from the god lying on the lion-shaped bier: the mummy boxes of sycamore, with the head of Osiris on them, belong to (3.).

mummy-dust n.

ΚΠ

1853 New Monthly Mag. Aug. 479 Item.—One tomb in a rock, with two bushels of mummy dust.

1922 E. Sitwell Façade 13 When the moon's hurdy-gurdy wheeze Grinds out her slow mummy-dust.

mummy-powder n.

ΚΠ

1829 R. R. Madden Trav. Turkey, Egypt, Nubia, & Palestine II. 90 [The] Arabs make use of mummy powder for a medicine; they mix it with butter, and give this preparation the name of Mantey. It is esteemed a sovereign remedy for..ulcers, and also finds a place in the Italian Pharmacopæias.

1992 J. Hamilton-Paterson Seven-tenths iii. i. 81 Coral was used..as..medicine (ground up like mummy-powder).

b. Appositive.

† mummy-matron n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss iv. ii To three olde Mummey-Matrons, I haue promis'd The Mother-ship 'oth Maids.

c. Objective.

mummy-hunter n.

ΚΠ

1738 Common Sense II. 267 The Expence the Nation is at..for maintaining our Foreign Ministers, Travellers, and Mummy-Hunters.

2002 timefordvd.com 12 Aug. (O.E.D. Archive) Brendan Fraser as Rick O'Connell, an expert mummy hunter in The Mummy Returns (now on DVD).

mummy-hunting n.

ΚΠ

1882 Harper's Mag. July 202/1 As for the Theban fellah, mummy-hunting is his hereditary vocation.

d. Similative.

mummy-dead adj.

ΚΠ

1939 W. B. Yeats Last Poems 20 Everything else withered and mummy-dead.

mummy-looking adj.

ΚΠ

1807 Salmagundi 20 Mar. 107 A trio of as odd, runty, mummy-looking originals as ever Hogarth fancied.

1855 Sci. Amer. 20 Oct. 45/2 The old mummy-looking wooden clock, ‘that ticked behind the door’..made its appearance in Holland about 200 years ago.

mummy-shaped adj.

ΚΠ

1862 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola xvi, in Harper's Mag. Dec. 59/1 The stiff mummy-shaped case in which Italian babies have been from time immemorial introduced into society.

1969 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 96 458 Spores 11.9–16.1 × 3.6–5.5 μ, characteristically ‘mummy-shaped’.

mummy-wrapped adj.

ΚΠ

1867 J. R. Lowell Nightingale in Study in Atlantic Monthly Sept. 323 Those withered leaves forever turning, To win, at best, for all your pains, A nature mummy-wrapped in learning?

1972 Shakespeare Q. 43 406 I am not sure that the bloody, mummy-wrapped corpse of Henry VI needs to tumble from the bier and roll down the steps.

mummy brown n. a shade of brown similar in colour to the pigment used in painting (see sense 4).

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > other browns

umberc1568

Spanish brown1660

earth colour1688

raw umber1702

iron brown1714

clove-brown1794

raw sienna1797

wood-brown1805

moorit1809

coffee1815

oak1815

burnt almond1850

Vandyke brown1850

Turk's head1853

catechu brown1860

oak brown1860

mummy brown1861

walnut-brown1865

Havana1873

havana brown1875

wax-brown1887

box1889

nutria1897

caramel1909

wallflower brown1913

cigar1923

desert-brown1923

sunburn1923

tobacco1923

maple1926

butterscotch1927

walnut1934

snuff1951

mink1955

toffee1960

sludge1962

earth-tone1973

1861 Sat. Rev. 10 Aug. 152/1 Its [sc. the river] Saguenay color is a rich transparent mummy-brown.

1886 R. Ridgway Nomencl. Colors for Naturalists ii. 92 Mummy Brown, a bright brown color, nearly intermediate in tint between burnt umber and raw umber.

a1936 R. Kipling Something of Myself (1937) i. 13 A tube of ‘Mummy Brown’.

1949 Dict. Colours for Interior Decoration (Brit. Colour Council) III. 18/2 Mummy Brown, see Clove Brown.

mummy pit n. now historical a pit from which mummies are excavated (used esp. of the catacombs of Egypt).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [noun] > subterranean > containing Egyptian mummies

mummy pita1684

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 469 The Captaine presented me with a stone he lately brought from Gran<d> Cairo, which he tooke from the Mumy-pitts.

1779 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 66 In the same deserts, but at some distance from the above pyramid, are situated the mummy-pits, the shallowest of which are thirty-two feet deep.

1820 G. Belzoni Egypt & Nubia ii. 230 The same day we visited another mummy-pit, which I had opened six months before.

1895 National Rev. Feb. 811 The entrance to the tombs of the princesses is at the bottom of [the] mummy pit.

mummy wheat n. a kind of wheat said to have been grown from seed found in Egyptian tombs, (perhaps) rivet wheat, Triticum turgidum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of

flaxen wheat?1523

whole wheat1527

tiphe1578

Lammas-wheat1594

frumenty1600

Lammas1677

creeping wheat1819

mummy wheat1842

dinkel1866

marquis1906

durum1908

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant

spelta1000

farc1420

ador?1440

flaxen wheat?1523

Peak-wheat?1523

red wheat?1523

white wheat?1523

duck-bill wheat1553

zea1562

alica1565

buck1577

amelcorn1578

horse-flower1578

tiphe1578

pollard1580

rivet1580

Saracen's corn1585

French wheat1593

Lammas-wheat1594

starch corn1597

St. Peter's corn1597

frumenty1600

secourgeon1600

polwheat1601

duck-wheat1611

kidneys of wheat1611

ograve wheat1616

soft wheat1640

cone-wheat1677

Lammas1677

Poland wheat1686

Saracen corn1687

pole rivet1707

Smyrna wheat1735

hard wheat1757

hen corn1765

velvet wheat1771

white straw1771

nonpareil1805

thick-set wheat1808

cone1826

farro1828

Polish wheat1832

velvet-ear wheat1837

sarrasin1840

mummy wheat1842

snowdrop1844

Red Fife1857

flint-wheat1859

dinkel1866

thick-set1875

spring1884

macaroni wheat1901

einkorn1904

marquis1906

durum1908

emmer1908

hedgehog wheat1909

speltoid1939

1842 Lit. Gaz. 18 June 425/1 As you took so lively an interest in my resuscitated mummy-wheat.

1868 S. W. Johnson How Crops Grow 305 Vilmorin, from his own trials, doubts altogether the authenticity of the ‘mummy wheat’.

1928 W. B. Yeats Tower 53 I..gathered old mummy wheat In the mad abstract dark and ground it.

1966 Science 1135/3 We might achieve ‘paleo-reconstruction’ of the ancient Mexican corn, or of ‘mummy wheat’.

C2. Designating or relating to a type of sleeping bag shaped like a mummy-case (i.e. tapering towards the feet).

ΚΠ

1943 U.S. Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Va.: Special Operations 1 Mar. Conf. Bull. No. 11. 14 Sleeping bags should be tapered and of the ‘mummy-case’ type to cut down weight and bulk.]

1969 C. Casewit Hiking-Climbing Handbk. ii. 27 Mummy bags, tapered at the foot, are popular, but they do cut down foot room.

1976 C. Bonington Everest Hard Way 187 The standard Everest bag from Mountain equipment was lengthened and widened to accommodate an inner mummy bag and a climber in down clothing.

1991 Backpacker Oct. 71/3 Tech-heads could quibble about Slumberjack's execution of standard mummy features (drawstring hood, draft tube).

Derivatives

ˈmummydom n. rare

ΚΠ

1888 E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night i. iv His strange old-world way, vivified from mummydom only by excessive embarrassment.

1889 E. Carpenter Civilisation iv. 35 Man has to undo the wrappings and the mummydom of centuries, by which he has shut himself from the light of the sun.

ˈmummyhood n. rare

ΚΠ

1796 H. Walpole Let. to Miss Berry 24 Aug. I..shall remain, I believe, in my mummyhood.

1886 Leisure Hour 238 For St. Stephen only is the ghastly dignity of mummyhood reserved.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	mummy
释义	mummyn.¹ Brit. /ˈmʌmi/, U.S. /ˈməmi/ Forms: Middle English mummye, Middle English–1600s mumie, Middle English–1600s mumme, Middle English–1700s mummie, 1600s mommeis (plural), 1600s momy, 1600s mumey, 1600s mummey, 1600s mummi, 1600s numie (transmission error), 1600s–1700s (1800s– English regional (midlands)) mommy, 1600s–1700s (1800s– English regional (Yorkshire)) mumy, 1600s– mummy; Scottish pre-1700 mummye, pre-1700 1700s (1800s– Shetland) mummie, pre-1700 1700s– mummy, 1900s– mommi (Shetland). Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French mumie, momie; Latin mumia. Etymology: < (i) Anglo-Norman mumie and Middle French, French momie, mommie (13th cent. in Old French as nommie (probably transmission error) in sense ‘a bituminous substance used to embalm corpses’ and in poldre de mommie denoting a medicinal drug; 15th cent. as mummie , 1582 as mumie in sense ‘body embalmed according to ancient Egyptian procedures’), and its etymon (ii) post-classical Latin mumia (11th cent.), mummia (9th cent.; a1250 in a British source) a bituminous substance, also (as mumia ) an embalmed corpse, substance, essence (1652 in a British source, in latter sense with reference to Paracelsus: see sense 2b) < Arabic mūmiyā bitumen, resinous substance used medicinally (also in mūmiyā qubūrū ‘sepulchral bitumen’, found in Egypt and believed to be used by the Greeks for embalming (13th cent.)); compare Persian mūmiyā'ī . Compare Old Occitan momia (14th cent. denoting a substance used in embalming), Italian mummia (14th cent. in sense ‘compound of many ingredients used to embalm corpses’, a1492 denoting an embalmed corpse, 1598 in Florio glossed ‘a drug made of dead mens flesh’), Spanish momia , †mumia (1250 in sense ‘bitumen’, 1386 in sense ‘liquid issuing from mummified human flesh’, mid 15th cent. in sense ‘mummified corpse’), Portuguese múmia (c1318 as maminha in sense ‘tarry substance secreted by mummified bodies’, 14th cent. as mominha , 15th cent. as muminha , 1504 as momia in sense ‘mummified corpse’), and also Dutch mummie (1599 in medical sense, second half of the 17th cent. in sense ‘mummified corpse’), German Mumie (1497 in medical sense in the passage translated in quot. 1525 at sense 1a, first half of the 16th cent. as mummea (plural) in sense ‘mummified corpse’, 17th cent. as mommi ), Swedish mumie (late 16th cent. in medical sense, early 18th cent. in sense ‘mummified corpse’), Danish mumie . Compare mummia n.The word came to the West primarily via the school of medicine at Salerno in the Middle Ages. I. A bituminous substance, and related senses. 1. a. A substance prepared for medicinal use from mummified (usually human) flesh (see sense 5a). Now historical.Belief in the medicinal powers of the bituminous liquid which could be extracted from the bodies of ancient Egyptian mummies apparently arose because of its resemblance to pissasphalt (see sense 2a). Later, similar powers were ascribed to mummified flesh itself, which was often used in the form of a powder. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medicines of specific form > gums and viscid products > [noun] guma1382 mucilagea1400 mummya1400 mummia?a1425 emulsion1612 mucage1657 a1400 tr. Lanfranc Sci. Cirurgie (Ashm.) (1894) 153 (MED) Take oile of rosis..terbentine..mummie [v.r. mumie]. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 138 (MED) Anoþer emplaister to þe same, Take mummie, glue..bole armoniak, aloes, ana halfe, ane ounce mastik. ?a1425 MS Hunterian 95 f. 196^v (MED) Mummia, Mummie, is founden in dede mennes graues, þer as þei ben buryed wiþ preciouse oynementis. 1525 tr. H. von Brunschwig Noble Experyence Vertuous Handy Warke Surg. xciii. sig. R iv Take..Mumie .vi. barley cornes heuy. 1599 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (new ed.) II. i. 201 And these dead bodies are the Mummie which the Phisitians and Apothecaries doe against our willes make vs to swallow. 1606 T. Dekker Seuen Deadly Sinnes London 39 Though his breath bee rancker than a Muck-hill, his bodye more drye than Mummi, and his minde more lame than Ignorance it selfe. 1634 T. Johnson tr. A. Paré Chirurg. Wks. xii. 448 Embalming them [sc. the bodies of hanged men] with salt and Drugges they dryed them in an Oven, so to sell them thus adulterated in steed of true Mummie. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Mumie or Mummie..is digged out of the Graves..of those bodies that were embalmed, and is called Arabian Mummie. The second kind is onely an equal mixture of the Jews Lime and Bitumen [etc.]. 1716 A. Pope Further Acct. E. Curll 19 The Mummy of some deceas'd Moderator of the General Assembly in Scotland, to be taken inwardly as an effectual Antidote against Antichrist. 1786 S. Henley tr. W. Beckford Arabian Tale 75 My taste for dead bodies, and every thing like mummy, is decided. 1886 Spectator 13 Mar. 348/1 In cases of severe prostration and debility, pounded mummy and human bones are administered. 1999 Fortean Times July 34 Much of what was sold as mummy was in fact made of the decomposing bodies of humans or animals who may have died of all sorts of communicable diseases. b. A pulpy substance or mass; pulp. Esp. in to beat (also smash, thrash, etc.) to a mummy (earlier into mummy, to mummy).Quot. 1601 may be an illustration of sense 1a. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > softness > types of softness > [noun] > pulpiness or mushiness > pulp pomace1555 mash1598 mummy1601 pulp1633 pomate1699 pulpament1699 pummy1754 mush1824 pash1825 smush1825 1601 W. Cornwallis Disc. Seneca sig. A4 I verily beleeue the hanging of one man, to worke better effects amongst men, then twentie made into mummie. 1612 R. Daborne Christian turn'd Turke i. v. sig. I^v If you gull me now, Il'e giue you leaue to make mummy of me. 1662 R. Brathwait Chimneys Scuffle 3 That those whose Fortunes are not worth a straw Should be thus pounc'd to Mummie. 1693 G. Powell Very Good Wife iv. 30 The Conclusion is, that if I ever hear you mention my Name in any sense whatsoever, I'll beat thee into Mummy. 1699 Protestant Mercury 4–6 Oct. 2/1 They..almost Thrash'd him to Mummy. 1724 W. Forbes Xantippe 5 This put me past all Sense, so that—G— damn me, I scarce forbare to beat the Rogue to Mummie. 1747 H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 52 It must be very thick and dry, and not the Rice boiled to a Mummy. 1796 J. Morse Amer. Universal Geogr. (new ed.) II. 680 The most horrible machines, calculated for grinding to mummy those unhappy criminals. 1834 Tracts for Times No. 22. 2 These little mountaineers [sc. Scottish ponies] got in at a weak place in the hedge..and trod the garden, as one may say, to a mummy. 1847 E. Brontë Wuthering Heights II. vii. 128 I believe the master would relish Earnshaw's thrashing him to a mummy. 1890 Leeds Mercury 28 May 5/7 John Crow..stated that..her face appeared to be smashed to a ‘mummy’. a1903 J. P. Kirk in Eng. Dial. Dict. (1903) IV. 201/1 [S. Nottinghamshire] Ah don't like my taters boiled to a mummy. †c. Flesh; esp. the flesh of a carcass, dead flesh. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] lichc893 dust?a1000 holdc1000 bonesOE stiff onea1200 bodyc1225 carrion?c1225 licham?c1225 worms' food or ware?c1225 corsec1250 ashc1275 corpsec1315 carcass1340 murraina1382 relicsa1398 ghostc1400 wormes warec1400 corpusc1440 scadc1440 reliefc1449 martc1480 cadaverc1500 mortc1500 tramort?a1513 hearse1530 bulk1575 offal1581 trunk1594 cadaverie1600 relicts1607 remains1610 mummya1616 relic1636 cold meat1788 mortality1827 death bone1834 deader1853 stiff1859 a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iii. v. 17 The water swelles a man; and what a thing should I haue beene, when I had beene swel'd? I should haue beene a Mountaine of Mummie [1602 By the Lord a mountaine of money] . View more context for this quotation a1631 J. Donne Loves Alchymie in Poems (1633) 230 Hope not for minde in women; at their best, Sweetnesse, and wit they'are, but, Mummy, possest. 1689 C. Goodall Poems & Transl. 162 That Dogs may lay his Carcase bare, And Messes of his Mummy tear. †d. figurative. The preserved essence of something. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > preservation from injury or destruction > [noun] > preservation from decay, loss, or destruction > that which is preserved mummy1642 preservea1682 preservation1796 1642 T. Fuller Holy State v. xvii. 426 Many men are murdered merely for their wealth, that other men may make mummey of the fat of their estates. 1663 J. Howell Poems 9 Rich Magazin of Patterns, which..dost Brave Men embalm..And of their Memories dost Mummy make. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 338 With these philosophic financiers, this universal medicine made of church mummy is to cure all the evils of the state. View more context for this quotation †e. Dried or desiccated meat. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > preserved meat > [noun] > dried meat mummy1666 vivdaa1688 charqui1688 pemmican1743 pounded meat1775 tasajo1783 taureau1794 jerk1799 biltong1815 tasso1841 jerky1848 bak kwa1960 1666 E. Tonge Let. 17 Mar. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) III. 116 Either dried porke hath somewhat repugnant to other meates, or it will eagerly reimbibe its owne or the like gravie, if returned to the Tub..; after 16 yeares it may be eaten, though not commended, & keepes yet after 20 yeares in momy. 1672 J. Josselyn New-Englands Rarities 11 Our way..is to make Mummy of them [sc. Wobbles], that is, to salt them well, and dry them in an earthen pot well glazed in an Oven. †2. a. A naturally occurring bituminous substance with supposed medicinal properties; = pissasphalt n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > medical preparations of specific origin > mineral medicine > [noun] > medicines prepared from other minerals king's silverc1400 sulphurc1400 cerusec1405 mummy1601 sal-prunella1664 prunella salt1721 antimonial1728 mummia1770 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. 183 Of Pissasphalt or Mummie [Fr. Mumie]. 1626 F. Bacon Sylva Sylvarum x. 261 Mummy hath great force in Stanching of Bloud. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 129 Most remarkable, is a precious liquor or mummy growing here... It distills (in June only) from the top of those stupendious mountaines every yeere about five ounces. 1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. iii. 42 The Country, of itself, affords or produces very few valuable Commodities, besides Coffee, and some Drugs, such as Myrrh,..some Gum Arabick and Mummy. b. A sovereign remedy. Also (after Paracelsus): = mummia n. 2 (see quot. 1728). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medicines or physic > [noun] > a medicine or medicament > supremely effective medicine treacle?1543 magisterium1585 magistery1594 mummy1605 elixir1632 mummia1652 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 279 Or holy Nectar..Or blest Ambrosia..Or else Nepenthe..Or Mummie? or Elixir..? No, none of these. 1605 T. Tymme tr. J. Du Chesne Pract. Chymicall & Hermeticall Physicke iii. 168 This worke is very admirable; by which the true numie [read mumie], the uniuersal medicine, and the true balsam conseruing and restoring nature, is made. 1658 J. Robinson Endoxa x. 52 Here was no mummie of the Wound, nor Mundane Soul required. 1671 J. Blagrave Astrol. Pract. Physick 157 How by the Magnet of ones Body to extract a Spiritual Mummy whereby to cure most Diseases incident unto the body of Man. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) Mummy is also used by some Physicians for I know not what implanted Spirit, found chiefly in Carcasses, when the infused Spirit is fled. The infused Spirit is sometimes also call'd Mummy in living Subjects. †3. Horticulture. A kind of grafting wax made with pitch and turpentine, also used to protect the roots of transplanted trees. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > gardening > equipment and buildings > [noun] > grafting wax mummy1721 grafting wax1728 grafting clay1802 1721 R. Bradley Philos. Acct. Wks. Nature 173 I have taken notice of a new invented Method of transplanting Trees with Safety, by means of a Vegetable Mummy. 1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 211 Gardeners grafting mummy, consisting of a mixture of bees-wax, rosin, and pitch. 1789 Trans. Soc. Arts (ed. 2) 2 97 Water..which mixing with the earth naturally adhering to their roots, forms of itself a kind of mummy. 4. A semi-liquid bituminous substance used as a brown pigment. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > colouring matter > [noun] > pigments brown1549 umberc1568 castory1590 wood-colour1622 burnt umbera1650 Cologne earth1658 Spanish brown1660 raw umber1702 bistre1728 Siena1787 raw sienna1797 Terra Siennaa1817 sepia1821 brown ochre1823 bone brown1831 indigo-brown1838 mummy1854 Cassel brown1860 Prussian brown1860 mineral brown1869 Cappagh brown1875 Verona brown1889 1854 F. W. Fairholt Dict. Terms Art Mummy, a bituminous substance employed by painters as a rich brown tint... The better kinds of mummy form useful grey tints mixed with ultramarine. 1885 J. S. Taylor Field's Chromatogr. Modernized 160 Mummy varies exceedingly in its composition and properties... It is only used as an oil-colour. 1951 R. Mayer Artist's Handbk. (new ed.) 56 Mummy. Bone ash and asphaltum, obtained by grinding up Egyptian mummies... Its use was suddenly discontinued in the nineteenth century when its composition became generally known to artists. II. Extended uses. 5. a. The body of a human being or animal with its internal organs removed, which has been embalmed and wrapped in linen bandages in preparation for burial.The practice of mummification is often associated particularly with ancient Egypt. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] > embalmed skelet1603 mummy1615 1615 G. Sandys Relation of Journey 133 The Mummes (lying in a place where many generations haue had their sepultures) not far above Memphis. 1650 J. Bulwer Anthropometamorphosis 167 The Egyptians..were wont of old to guild the nails of the Dead, as appears by their Mummies. c1710 Mack Gregory's Advt. 2 The Burial-Places of the Mommies near Memphis. 1786 R. P. Knight Acct. Worship of Priapus 95 Impressions of exactly the same kind are found upon the little Talismans, or mystic pastes, taken out of the Egyptian Mummies. 1841 Bellamy in Rep. Brit. Assoc. ii. 75 Description of two Peruvian Mummies. 1849 H. D. Thoreau Week Concord & Merrimack Rivers 129 The mummies wrapped in their linen bandages, I see that the times began to need reform as long ago as when they walked the earth. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xxii. 170 Three months of camp life on Lake Tahoe would restore an Egyptian mummy to his pristine vigor. 1900 W. M. F. Petrie Dendereh 59/1 Mr. Thomas has kindly sent me the following identifications of the animal mummies from the catacombs. 1922 V. Woolf Jacob's Room ix. 178 There the Elgin Marbles lie, all night long, old Jones's lantern sometimes recalling Ulysses, or a horse's head; or sometimes a flash of gold, or a mummy's sunk yellow cheek. 1975 B. Bainbridge Sweet William i. 34 Until now it was as if she had been wrapped in strips of cloth like an Egyptian mummy. 1999 KMT Winter 84/2 We will not..put the tombs with the in situ mummies on public display. b. In extended use. ΚΠ 1672 J. Dryden Prol. to Albumazar in Covent Garden Drolery 88 They stript the living, but they rob the dead: 'Twill with the mummey with the mummey of the Muses Play, And make love to 'em, the Ægyptian, way. 1786 J. Ledyard Let. 20 Dec. in Journey through Russia (1966) 120 I dined today with..a Stiff rumped Calvanistical Chaplain and his mummy of a Wife. 1844 A. W. Kinglake Eothen vi. 96 A mere Oriental, who, for creative purposes, is a thing dead and dry—a mental mummy. 1876 L. Stephen Hist. Eng. Thought 18th Cent. II. xii. vii. 435 The old theological dogmas had become mere mummies. 1917 E. R. Burroughs Princess of Mars xx. 224 A door opened..and a strange, dried up, little mummy of a man came toward me. c. spec. An embalmed corpse which has been brought back to life (occurring esp. as a stock character in horror films). ΚΠ 1933 Variety 10 Jan. 15/4 Revival of the mummy comes comparatively early in the running time. The transformation of Karloff's Im-Ho-Tep from a clay-like figure in a coffin to a living thing is the highlight. 1985 San Diego Union-Tribune (Nexis) 6 May c6 The story is a gothic melange incorporating werewolves, vampires, mummies, family curses..that sort of thing. 2001 Ad Hoc (Oxford) 25 May 17/1 Think of the mummy and you think of a vast, lumbering monstrous creature, brainless and violent. 6. a. A naturally preserved human or animal body, esp. one desiccated by exposure to the sun or dry air, or frozen in ice. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > dead body > [noun] > desiccated anatomy1586 mummy1728 the world > animals > animal body > [noun] > unhealthy animal > carcass or slain animal > frozen carcass embedded in ice mummy1875 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) There are two kinds of Bodies call'd by the Term Mummy. The first are only Carcasses, dried by the Heat of the Sun. 1866 F. T. Buckland Curiosities Nat. Hist. 3rd Ser. II. 47 Since then I saw..another guano mummy described..as follows:—‘This mummy was brought to Liverpool from Possession Island, western coast of Africa.’ 1875 W. H. Dall in W. W. Beach Indian Misc. (1877) 349 Most of the [Alaskan] mummies were wrapped up in skins or matting. 1925 W. Cather Professor's House ii. iv. 214 At last we came upon..a dried human body, a woman... She..had dried into a mummy in that water-drinking air. 1990 New Scientist 28 July 47/1 The findings from the excavation and necropsy of Blue Babe, the mummy found near Fairbanks, Alaska, have generated new ideas about the processes that create frozen mummies. 1995 Minnesota Monthly Apr. 116/2 You have natural mummies that don't decompose at all, in bogs or very arid, dry conditions. b. Entomology. An insect that has been reduced to a dry shell by a parasitic fungus, etc. ΚΠ 1888 Amer. Naturalist 22 367 The pébrine mummy contains only the minute oval spores of the parasite. 1909 Science 24 Dec. 929/1 He has been..impressed with the evidence he saw in the form of innumerable plant-louse mummies. 1957 Bull. Entomol. Res. 48 621 Each day the insects which had emerged from the collected mummies were removed, identified, sexed, and recorded. 1993 Apidologie 24 383 This analysis was conducted on mycelium isolated from mummies produced in 47 field outbreaks of chalkbrood and on 3 reference strains. c. An apple, plum, or other fruit made brown and desiccated by disease, esp. brown rot. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > disease or injury > [noun] > type of disease > fungal > associated with crop or food plants > fruit or fruit plants leaf curl1850 fly-speck1855 vine-mildew1855 vine-fungus1857 leaf blister1858 blister1864 peach-blister1866 charbon1882 crown rot1888 melanose1888 plum pocket1888 peach leaf curl1890 brown rot1894 mummy1902 sooty blotch1909 rhubarb disease1911 spur blight1915 red core1936 sclerotinia1950 Sigatoka1958 1902 Science 4 July 34/1 The apothecia appear with the flowers of the peach, and arise from the sclerotia in the ‘mummy’ fruits covered by slightly moist soil. 1909 B. M. Duggar Fungous Dis. Plants xi. 190 The fruit which has decayed may fall to the ground or hang upon trees, gradually shrinking with evaporation each to a crumpled dried mass, generally known as a mummy. 1952 E. Ramsden tr. E. Gram & H. Weber Plant Dis. ii. 153/2 Similar mummies that have fallen..may very rarely produce clusters of small brown-stalked cup-shaped apothecia. 1984 D. A. Roberts & C. W. Boothroyd Fund. Plant Pathol. (ed. 2) xvii. 221 Diseased fruits tend to persist, and hang in the tree as ‘mummies’. 7. Stock Market slang. An Egyptian stock or bond. rare. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > stock > types of joint stock1615 fancya1652 water stock1675 Bank stock1694 India stock1702 government stock1734 inscription1800 gas stock1820 railway stock1836 common stock1852 floater1871 blue chip1874 trunks1892 traction1896 omnium1902 mummy1903 motors1908 rollover1947 blue-chipper1953 red chip1968 large-cap1982 small cap1984 1903 Westm. Gaz. 17 Feb. 11/1 Certain prophets were busy over ‘Mummies’ months ago. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. mummy box n. ΚΠ 1832 G. Long Brit. Mus. Egypt. Antiq. I. xi. 255 We must distinguish the god when standing upright in complete mummy equipment, from the god lying on the lion-shaped bier: the mummy boxes of sycamore, with the head of Osiris on them, belong to (3.). mummy-dust n. ΚΠ 1853 New Monthly Mag. Aug. 479 Item.—One tomb in a rock, with two bushels of mummy dust. 1922 E. Sitwell Façade 13 When the moon's hurdy-gurdy wheeze Grinds out her slow mummy-dust. mummy-powder n. ΚΠ 1829 R. R. Madden Trav. Turkey, Egypt, Nubia, & Palestine II. 90 [The] Arabs make use of mummy powder for a medicine; they mix it with butter, and give this preparation the name of Mantey. It is esteemed a sovereign remedy for..ulcers, and also finds a place in the Italian Pharmacopæias. 1992 J. Hamilton-Paterson Seven-tenths iii. i. 81 Coral was used..as..medicine (ground up like mummy-powder). b. Appositive. † mummy-matron n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1625 T. Middleton Game at Chæss iv. ii To three olde Mummey-Matrons, I haue promis'd The Mother-ship 'oth Maids. c. Objective. mummy-hunter n. ΚΠ 1738 Common Sense II. 267 The Expence the Nation is at..for maintaining our Foreign Ministers, Travellers, and Mummy-Hunters. 2002 timefordvd.com 12 Aug. (O.E.D. Archive) Brendan Fraser as Rick O'Connell, an expert mummy hunter in The Mummy Returns (now on DVD). mummy-hunting n. ΚΠ 1882 Harper's Mag. July 202/1 As for the Theban fellah, mummy-hunting is his hereditary vocation. d. Similative. mummy-dead adj. ΚΠ 1939 W. B. Yeats Last Poems 20 Everything else withered and mummy-dead. mummy-looking adj. ΚΠ 1807 Salmagundi 20 Mar. 107 A trio of as odd, runty, mummy-looking originals as ever Hogarth fancied. 1855 Sci. Amer. 20 Oct. 45/2 The old mummy-looking wooden clock, ‘that ticked behind the door’..made its appearance in Holland about 200 years ago. mummy-shaped adj. ΚΠ 1862 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola xvi, in Harper's Mag. Dec. 59/1 The stiff mummy-shaped case in which Italian babies have been from time immemorial introduced into society. 1969 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 96 458 Spores 11.9–16.1 × 3.6–5.5 μ, characteristically ‘mummy-shaped’. mummy-wrapped adj. ΚΠ 1867 J. R. Lowell Nightingale in Study in Atlantic Monthly Sept. 323 Those withered leaves forever turning, To win, at best, for all your pains, A nature mummy-wrapped in learning? 1972 Shakespeare Q. 43 406 I am not sure that the bloody, mummy-wrapped corpse of Henry VI needs to tumble from the bier and roll down the steps. e. mummy brown n. a shade of brown similar in colour to the pigment used in painting (see sense 4). ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > brown or brownness > [noun] > other browns umberc1568 Spanish brown1660 earth colour1688 raw umber1702 iron brown1714 clove-brown1794 raw sienna1797 wood-brown1805 moorit1809 coffee1815 oak1815 burnt almond1850 Vandyke brown1850 Turk's head1853 catechu brown1860 oak brown1860 mummy brown1861 walnut-brown1865 Havana1873 havana brown1875 wax-brown1887 box1889 nutria1897 caramel1909 wallflower brown1913 cigar1923 desert-brown1923 sunburn1923 tobacco1923 maple1926 butterscotch1927 walnut1934 snuff1951 mink1955 toffee1960 sludge1962 earth-tone1973 1861 Sat. Rev. 10 Aug. 152/1 Its [sc. the river] Saguenay color is a rich transparent mummy-brown. 1886 R. Ridgway Nomencl. Colors for Naturalists ii. 92 Mummy Brown, a bright brown color, nearly intermediate in tint between burnt umber and raw umber. a1936 R. Kipling Something of Myself (1937) i. 13 A tube of ‘Mummy Brown’. 1949 Dict. Colours for Interior Decoration (Brit. Colour Council) III. 18/2 Mummy Brown, see Clove Brown. mummy pit n. now historical a pit from which mummies are excavated (used esp. of the catacombs of Egypt). ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > burial ground or cemetery > [noun] > subterranean > containing Egyptian mummies mummy pita1684 a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1645 (1955) II. 469 The Captaine presented me with a stone he lately brought from Gran<d> Cairo, which he tooke from the Mumy-pitts. 1779 Farmer's Mag. Mar. 66 In the same deserts, but at some distance from the above pyramid, are situated the mummy-pits, the shallowest of which are thirty-two feet deep. 1820 G. Belzoni Egypt & Nubia ii. 230 The same day we visited another mummy-pit, which I had opened six months before. 1895 National Rev. Feb. 811 The entrance to the tombs of the princesses is at the bottom of [the] mummy pit. mummy wheat n. a kind of wheat said to have been grown from seed found in Egyptian tombs, (perhaps) rivet wheat, Triticum turgidum. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > corn, cereals, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of flaxen wheat?1523 whole wheat1527 tiphe1578 Lammas-wheat1594 frumenty1600 Lammas1677 creeping wheat1819 mummy wheat1842 dinkel1866 marquis1906 durum1908 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > wheat > types of wheat grain or plant spelta1000 farc1420 ador?1440 flaxen wheat?1523 Peak-wheat?1523 red wheat?1523 white wheat?1523 duck-bill wheat1553 zea1562 alica1565 buck1577 amelcorn1578 horse-flower1578 tiphe1578 pollard1580 rivet1580 Saracen's corn1585 French wheat1593 Lammas-wheat1594 starch corn1597 St. Peter's corn1597 frumenty1600 secourgeon1600 polwheat1601 duck-wheat1611 kidneys of wheat1611 ograve wheat1616 soft wheat1640 cone-wheat1677 Lammas1677 Poland wheat1686 Saracen corn1687 pole rivet1707 Smyrna wheat1735 hard wheat1757 hen corn1765 velvet wheat1771 white straw1771 nonpareil1805 thick-set wheat1808 cone1826 farro1828 Polish wheat1832 velvet-ear wheat1837 sarrasin1840 mummy wheat1842 snowdrop1844 Red Fife1857 flint-wheat1859 dinkel1866 thick-set1875 spring1884 macaroni wheat1901 einkorn1904 marquis1906 durum1908 emmer1908 hedgehog wheat1909 speltoid1939 1842 Lit. Gaz. 18 June 425/1 As you took so lively an interest in my resuscitated mummy-wheat. 1868 S. W. Johnson How Crops Grow 305 Vilmorin, from his own trials, doubts altogether the authenticity of the ‘mummy wheat’. 1928 W. B. Yeats Tower 53 I..gathered old mummy wheat In the mad abstract dark and ground it. 1966 Science 1135/3 We might achieve ‘paleo-reconstruction’ of the ancient Mexican corn, or of ‘mummy wheat’. C2. Designating or relating to a type of sleeping bag shaped like a mummy-case (i.e. tapering towards the feet). ΚΠ 1943 U.S. Quarter Master School, Camp Lee, Va.: Special Operations 1 Mar. Conf. Bull. No. 11. 14 Sleeping bags should be tapered and of the ‘mummy-case’ type to cut down weight and bulk.] 1969 C. Casewit Hiking-Climbing Handbk. ii. 27 Mummy bags, tapered at the foot, are popular, but they do cut down foot room. 1976 C. Bonington Everest Hard Way 187 The standard Everest bag from Mountain equipment was lengthened and widened to accommodate an inner mummy bag and a climber in down clothing. 1991 Backpacker Oct. 71/3 Tech-heads could quibble about Slumberjack's execution of standard mummy features (drawstring hood, draft tube). Derivatives ˈmummydom n. rare ΚΠ 1888 E. Lynn Linton Thro' Long Night i. iv His strange old-world way, vivified from mummydom only by excessive embarrassment. 1889 E. Carpenter Civilisation iv. 35 Man has to undo the wrappings and the mummydom of centuries, by which he has shut himself from the light of the sun. ˈmummyhood n. rare ΚΠ 1796 H. Walpole Let. to Miss Berry 24 Aug. I..shall remain, I believe, in my mummyhood. 1886 Leisure Hour 238 For St. Stephen only is the ghastly dignity of mummyhood reserved. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2022). mummyn.² Brit. /ˈmʌmi/, U.S. /ˈməmi/ Forms: 1700s– mummy, 1900s– mummie. Origin: Of uncertain origin. Perhaps a variant or alteration of another lexical item. Or perhaps formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mammy n.; mum n.², -y suffix⁶. Etymology: Perhaps a variant of mammy n., or perhaps < mum n.² + -y suffix⁶. colloquial. One's mother; a mother.Mummy occurs most commonly in children's language as an equivalent to mum n.²; use by adults is sometimes indicative of a particular social or regional background. It is chiefly used as a form of address, or preceded by a possessive (as ‘my mummy’); it is also used without possessive (e.g., in quot. 1936) in the manner of a proper name.The word's geographical spread is similar to that of mum n.², with mommy n. being commoner in U.S. usage. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > parent > mother > [noun] mothereOE dame?c1225 merea1275 childbearera1382 genitricea1500 mammy1523 dama1547 mama1555 genetrix1561 mam1570 mum?1595 old lady1599 authoressc1603 mam1608 genitress1610 old woman1668 old girl1745 mummy1768 momma1810 madre1815 maw1826 ma1829 marm1835 mater1843 mom1846 mommy1846 maternal1867 motherkins1870 muvver1871 mumsy1876 mamacita1887 mutti1905 birth mother1906 duchess1909 amma1913 momsey1914 mums1915 moms1925 mata1945 baby-mother1966 mama1982 old dear1985 baby-mama1986 1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess i. 57 Had I but been sae wysse As hae laid up auld mummy's gueed advice, Frae this mischance, I meith hae kept me free. 1784 J. Cullum Hist. & Antiq. Hawsted in Bibliotheca Topographica Britannica No. 23. 172 Mummy, corrupted from mamma. 1839 C. Clark John Noakes & Mary Styles 26 Wor I to 'list My mummy, how 'tood shock her! 1898 E. von Arnim Elizabeth & her German Garden 51 ‘What a funny mummy!’ she said, evidently much amused. 1914 ‘Bartimeus’ Naval Occasions ix. 68 Thank you, mummie darling. 1933 E. A. Robertson Ordinary Families ii. 39 ‘Mummy, did you put in my straw hat?’ came Marnie's adenoidal whine from upstairs. ‘Oh, mummy, you always say yes. Sure you did? Mummee!’ 1936 R. Lehmann Weather in Streets i. iv. 70 Hang on a moment... Mummy wants to speak to you. 1974 M. Penoyre Breach of Security v. 26 Oh, mummy, you're going out... I'd hoped you were going to..read me a story. 2000 J. Goodwin Danny Boy v. 107 The two boys with green hair were twins, called Tariq and Leon—middle-class tossers staging a ten-minute rebellion against Mummy and Daddy. 2000 Diva May 53/1 Someone else asked which mummy had sexed with my daddy to make me. Compounds mummy's boy n. = mother's boy n. at mother n.¹ Compounds 5b. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [noun] > quality of unmanliness > one who is unmanly > who is excessively influenced by, or attached to, his mother mother's darling1592 mama's boy1850 mother's boy1862 mummy's boy1927 1927 E. Bowen Hotel xv. 177 None of us seem to be making much impression on young Ronald... Did you ever see such a Mummy's boy! 1945 E. Taylor At Mrs Lippincote's xxi. 180 What a mummy's boy Norman sounds. 1988 Sunday Sun (Brisbane) 3 July (Mag. Suppl.) 11/3 Fowlds is quite funny as Percy, the timid mummy's boy. mummy track n. British = mommy track n. ΚΠ 1989 Guardian (Electronic ed.) 6 Apr. 37 (heading) Careering off the mummy track. 2000 Daily Mail (Electronic ed.) 17 Mar. Women are losing out on promotion because bosses still believe they are on a ‘mummy track’ and do not offer such good value for money as men. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † mummyadj. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: mum n.³, -y suffix¹. Etymology: < mum n.³ + -y suffix¹. Obsolete. Of beer: resembling mum; thick. See mum n.³ ΚΠ 1738 W. Ellis London & Country Brewer III. xviii. 77 To recover thick, mummy Drink that is Acid... Rack a Vessel of mummy Beer into two Casks, and fill them up with new Beer brewed not so strong and it is a Cure. 1755 H. Glasse Art of Cookery (ed. 5) App. 334 English Catchup... To every Quart of the Juice, put a Pint of strong stale mummy Beer, not bitter. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online June 2018). mummyv. Brit. /ˈmʌmi/, U.S. /ˈməmi/ Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: mummy n.¹ Etymology: < mummy n.¹ Compare slightly later mummify v. transitive. = mummify v. (in various senses). Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > preparation or treatment of corpse > prepare corpse [verb (transitive)] > mummify mummianize1613 mummy1620 mummify1628 1620 T. Shelton tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (1746) III. i. 2 Whom they found..so dry'd and withered up, as if his flesh had been mummy'd. 1842 E. B. Browning Greek Christian Poets (1863) iv It is better..to think out one true thought..than to mummy our benumbed souls with the circumvolutions of twenty thousand books. 1866 F. T. Buckland Curiosities Nat. Hist. 3rd Ser. I. 125 Your lifeless..carcases mummied in ice and lying in marble state on fishmongers' slabs. 1880 Atlantic Monthly Aug. 252 The Egyptians mummied all sorts of sacred brutes, including bulls, cats and crocodiles. 1910 J. Masefield Bk. of Discov. xiv. 199 People who fall into bogs are mummied, aren't they? 1999 Washington Post (Nexis) 7 Feb. e1 Two p.m. found me alone..covered in a slimy, fishy green paste, and mummied in layers of mylar paper. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹a1400n.²1768adj.1738v.1620
随便看	ride a thing hard ride a thing to death ride a tiger ride a-tilt ride admiral ride again ride agateward with ride and drive ride and tie ride at an anchor ride at anchor ride at the ring right line of descent right line of succession right mechlin right module right name right nants right noetherian right now right of abode right of accruer right of angary right of appearance right of audience

mummyn.1

Compounds

Derivatives

mummyn.2

Compounds

† mummyadj.

mummyv.

mummyn.¹

mummyn.²