myriarchn.

Brit.

/ˈmɪrɪɑːk/, U.S.

/ˈmɪriˌɑrk/

Forms: 1600s myriarck, 1600s 1900s– myriarch.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek μυριάρχης, μυρίαρχος.

Etymology: < ancient Greek μυριάρχης (Herodotus), μυρίαρχος (Xenophon: see quot. 1632 at sense 1) commander of ten thousand men < μυρίοι ten thousand (see myriad n.) + -άρχης , -αρχος (see -arch comb. form¹). In sense 2 after Mongolian tümen-ü noyon, lit. ‘chief of ten thousand’ (compare toman n.) or its equivalents Tibetan k'ri-dpon, Chinese wàn-hù. Compare Middle French myriarche , in sense 1 (1572), French myriarque , in sense 2 (P. Ratchnevsky Un Code des Yüan (1937) 144).

1. Ancient History. A commander of ten thousand men.

ΚΠ

1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. sig. H1^v/2 Myriarch, a captaine of ten thousand.

1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia 69 Then, called he togither the Myriarches [margin Colonels, or leaders of ten thousand], the Chiliarches [etc.].

1926 Amer. Hist. Rev. 32 85 Munro..presents a most ingenious and suggestive solution depending upon a supposed blunder of Herodotus in confusing the myriarchs with the six generals-in-chief.

1984 A. R. Burn Persia & Greeks 327 We are indeed told that the army was organised on a decimal system, up to divisions of 10,000 or myriads; the myriarchs being appointed by the commanders of higher formations..and the commanders of thousands, hundreds and tens by the myriarchs.

2. Asian History. Among the Mongols: a military commander of a large force (notionally, a division of 10,000 men). Also (esp. in Tibet): the governor of an administrative district under Mongol rule.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces

praetor?a1439

aga1542

emir1542

imperator1590

crownerc1600

ban1614

sardar1615

duke1652

dey1656

hetman1710

stratopedarch1788

commandant1791

tuchun1917

war-lord1922

myriarch1949

1949 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 12 479 The myriarch (Khri-dpon) of Tshal Kun-dgaḥ-rdo-rje, the rival of Byaṅ-chub-rgyal-mts'an (born 1302; elected myriarch 1334) subjected to a revision the previous edition of the bKaḥ-ḥgyur.

1957 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 182/2 Some princes conferred upon themselves the offices of myriarchs, without waiting for the emperor's appointment or approval.

1968 D. Snellgrove Cultural Hist. Tibet 152 Byang-chub rGyal-mtshan..of the..rLangs family who..held..the ‘thousand districts’ of Yarlung & Ne-gdong..became the ‘myriarch’ of his home district.

1977 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. June 105 The Sa-skya regency in Tibet..was overthrown in the middle of the fourteenth century by one of the thirteen myriarchs when the power of the Mongols declined.

1981 U. Kim & P. H. Lee in P. H. Lee Anthol. Korean Lit. 57 Lord hyŏnbok carries the seal of a myriarch and belongs to a family that married into the royal house.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	myriarch
释义	myriarchn. Brit. /ˈmɪrɪɑːk/, U.S. /ˈmɪriˌɑrk/ Forms: 1600s myriarck, 1600s 1900s– myriarch. Origin: A borrowing from Greek. Etymons: Greek μυριάρχης, μυρίαρχος. Etymology: < ancient Greek μυριάρχης (Herodotus), μυρίαρχος (Xenophon: see quot. 1632 at sense 1) commander of ten thousand men < μυρίοι ten thousand (see myriad n.) + -άρχης , -αρχος (see -arch comb. form¹). In sense 2 after Mongolian tümen-ü noyon, lit. ‘chief of ten thousand’ (compare toman n.) or its equivalents Tibetan k'ri-dpon, Chinese wàn-hù. Compare Middle French myriarche , in sense 1 (1572), French myriarque , in sense 2 (P. Ratchnevsky Un Code des Yüan (1937) 144). 1. Ancient History. A commander of ten thousand men. ΚΠ 1623 H. Cockeram Eng. Dict. sig. H1^v/2 Myriarch, a captaine of ten thousand. 1632 P. Holland tr. Xenophon Cyrupædia 69 Then, called he togither the Myriarches [margin Colonels, or leaders of ten thousand], the Chiliarches [etc.]. 1926 Amer. Hist. Rev. 32 85 Munro..presents a most ingenious and suggestive solution depending upon a supposed blunder of Herodotus in confusing the myriarchs with the six generals-in-chief. 1984 A. R. Burn Persia & Greeks 327 We are indeed told that the army was organised on a decimal system, up to divisions of 10,000 or myriads; the myriarchs being appointed by the commanders of higher formations..and the commanders of thousands, hundreds and tens by the myriarchs. 2. Asian History. Among the Mongols: a military commander of a large force (notionally, a division of 10,000 men). Also (esp. in Tibet): the governor of an administrative district under Mongol rule. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > of specific forces praetor?a1439 aga1542 emir1542 imperator1590 crownerc1600 ban1614 sardar1615 duke1652 dey1656 hetman1710 stratopedarch1788 commandant1791 tuchun1917 war-lord1922 myriarch1949 1949 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. 12 479 The myriarch (Khri-dpon) of Tshal Kun-dgaḥ-rdo-rje, the rival of Byaṅ-chub-rgyal-mts'an (born 1302; elected myriarch 1334) subjected to a revision the previous edition of the bKaḥ-ḥgyur. 1957 Encycl. Brit. XXII. 182/2 Some princes conferred upon themselves the offices of myriarchs, without waiting for the emperor's appointment or approval. 1968 D. Snellgrove Cultural Hist. Tibet 152 Byang-chub rGyal-mtshan..of the..rLangs family who..held..the ‘thousand districts’ of Yarlung & Ne-gdong..became the ‘myriarch’ of his home district. 1977 Harvard Jrnl. Asiatic Stud. June 105 The Sa-skya regency in Tibet..was overthrown in the middle of the fourteenth century by one of the thirteen myriarchs when the power of the Mongols declined. 1981 U. Kim & P. H. Lee in P. H. Lee Anthol. Korean Lit. 57 Lord hyŏnbok carries the seal of a myriarch and belongs to a family that married into the royal house. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1623
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