myo-comb. form

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly.

Forms: before a vowel my-.

Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek μυ- , μῦς , -o- connective.

Etymology: < ancient Greek μυ-, μῦς muscle, mouse, mussel (see mouse n.) + -o- connective. Compare ancient Greek compounds in μυο- in sense ‘mouse’, as μυοκτόνος mouse-killing (see myoctonic adj.), and compare the modern formations myomancy n., myomorph n., and myomorphic adj. with the first element in the same sense.In sense ‘muscle’ earliest attested in the 17th cent. in scientific Latin (e.g. myologia myology n.) and in English in the loan myotomy n. and the adaptation myology n. The earliest independent formations within English are myasthenia n. and myopathy n. in the early to mid 19th cent.; such formations become very common in the final decades of the 19th cent. Compare French myo- (1629 in myologie myology n.), Italian mio- (1764 in miologo ), German myo- (1837 in Myocarditis ; compare earlier formations with the first element Muskel- : see muscle n.).

Forming scientific terms relating to muscles or muscular tissue.

myochemistry n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈkɛmᵻstri/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˈkɛməstri/

Biochemistry the biochemical processes involved in muscular function; the study of these.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > study of body > study of muscles > [noun]

myology1649

myodynamics1853

myophysics1878

neuromyologya1890

myochemistry1962

1962 Lancet 1 Dec. 1165/1 I still wonder if two hours' instruction in pathological myochemistry will help the candidate.

1987 G. Benzi (title) Advances in myochemistry.

† myodynamics n. Physiology Obsolete the dynamics of muscular (esp. cardiovascular) action.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > study of body > study of muscles > [noun]

myology1649

myodynamics1853

myophysics1878

neuromyologya1890

myochemistry1962

1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Myodynamics, see Muscular contraction.

1861 Year-bk. Med. 1860 (New Sydenham Soc.) 30 The Myodynamics of the heart and blood-vessels.

† myodynamiometer n. Physiology Obsolete rare = myodynamometer n.

ΚΠ

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) at Dynamometer Myodynamiometer, Myodynamometer, an instrument, contrived by M. Regnier.

myodynamometer n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)dʌɪnəˈmɒmᵻtə/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˌdaɪnəˈmɑmədər/

Physiology rare an instrument for measuring the force of muscular contraction or muscular strength.

ΚΠ

1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) at Dynamometer Myodynamiometer, Myodynamometer, an instrument, contrived by M. Regnier.

1991 Clin. Orthopaedics No. 266. 133 The maximum strength of knee extension was measured by a myodynamometer.

myofibroma n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)fʌɪˈbrəʊmə/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˌfaɪˈbroʊmə/

Pathology (originally) a tumour composed of fibrous and muscle tissue; (later also) a tumour composed of myofibroblasts.

ΚΠ

1888 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 Nov. 1182 Uterine Myofibroma.

1996 Dermatol. Surg. 22 761 Myofibroma is a third tumor that some have argued is a smooth muscle tumor rather than a fibroblastic tumor.

2002 Jrnl. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 46 953 We report a case of acral myofibromas in a patient with generalized cutaneous morphea.

myohaematin n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhiːmətɪn/

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhɛmətɪn/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˈhimədən/

/ˌmaɪoʊˈhɛmədən/

Biochemistry (now historical) (C. A. MacMunn's name for) the cytochromes of skeletal muscle.

ΚΠ

1885 C. A. MacMunn in Proc. Royal Soc. 39 248 The name..of myohæmatin [is proposed] for the intrinsic pigment in striped muscle, which belongs to the same series [sc. that of histohæmatins].

1925 D. Keilin in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 98 314 I have found that the pigment myo- or histohæmatin not only exists, but has much wider distribution and importance than was ever anticipated even by MacMunn.

1980 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77 5084/1 In 1925, Keilin discovered cytochromes a, b, and c which were identified with MacMunn's myohaematin or histohaematin.

myohaemoglobin n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˌhiːməˈɡləʊbɪn/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˈhiməˌɡloʊb(ə)n/

Biochemistry (now rare) = myoglobin n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun]

casein1838

albuminoid1855

xanthoglobulin1868

myochrome1872

xanthoprotein1883

histone1885

globulose1886

phaseolin1893

leucosin1894

nucleohistone1894

nucleon1895

mucoid1898

protone1898

mucinoid1902

myohaemoglobin1906

nucleoprotamine1911

cytozyme1914

leaf protein1917

cytochrome1925

mucoprotein1925

myoglobin1925

flavoprotein1934

oxymyoglobin1935

ferritin1937

lipovitellin1942

arthropodin1947

trypticase1947

erythropoietin1948

phosvitin1948

opsin1951

orosomucoid1955

metallothionein1960

plastocyanin1961

aequorin1962

ferredoxin1962

LDL1962

fetoprotein1964

thioredoxin1964

actinin1965

adrenodoxin1965

lactoferrin1965

myoglobulin1965

rubredoxin1965

uniporter1967

miraculin1968

nexin1970

bacteriorhodopsin1971

molybdoprotein1971

monellin1972

cytokine1974

ankyrin1975

clathrin1975

electromorph1975

tau1975

uniport1975

microtrabecula1976

porin1976

osteocalcin1977

calmodulin1978

monokine1978

PCNA1978

vimentin1978

interleukin1979

laminin1979

titin1979

villin1979

cyclin1981

triskele1981

acumentin1982

perforin1983

statin1985

activin1986

addressin1988

synuclein1988

chemokine1992

1906 G. Mann Chem. Proteids 474 The centre of the two bands of blood oxyhæmoglobin being at λ577 and 540, and those of myohæmoglobin at λ581 and λ543.

1924 Chem. Abstr. 18 3213 From the hypothetical ‘myohemoglobin’ coproporphyrin is formed.

1953 J. Hunt Ascent of Everest 274 Myohaemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying pigment similar to haemoglobin.

1996 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Nephrol. 7 64/1 PTS [sc. proximal tubular segments] were extracted from mouse kidneys and subjected to diverse forms of injury (hypoxia/reoxygenation,..and myohemoglobin).

myointimal adj.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪəʊˈɪntᵻml/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˈɪn(t)əm(ə)l/

Medicine of, relating to, or designating smooth muscle cells in the intimal layer of a blood vessel.

ΚΠ

1961 R. C. Buck in Circulation Res. 9 425/2 It seems appropriate that these cells should have a name which recognizes their origin from smooth muscle..and also their location, which is confined to the intima. The term ‘myo-intimal’ cell is suggested.

1999 Internat. Jrnl. Radiation 45 501 Histopathological findings in uncomplicated follow-up showed marked myointimal fibrosis in the muscular arteries.

myokinase n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪneɪz/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˈkaɪˌneɪs/

/ˌmaɪoʊˈkaɪˌneɪz/

Biochemistry the enzyme adenylate kinase in muscle cells.

ΚΠ

1943 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 148 117 (title) The röle of myokinase in transphosphorylations.

1953 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 200 187 The enzyme myokinase, or adenylate kinase, which catalyses the establishment of an equilibrium between the three nucleotides, adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), adenosinediphosphate (ADP), and adenylic acid (AMP).

2001 Sports Med. 31 1063 Myokinase and creatine phosphokinase have shown small increases as a result of short-sprint training in some studies.

† myolema n. Anatomy Obsolete rare = sarcolemma n.

ΚΠ

1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum 132 A number of ultimate fibrils enclosed in a delicate sheath or myolema.

† myolemma n. Anatomy Obsolete rare = sarcolemma n.

ΚΠ

1873 J. Angell Elem. Animal Physiol. v. 70 Each primitive fibre is invested with a delicate fine sheath of fine, tough, elastic, transparent, structureless membrane, termed the sarcolemma or myolemma.

myolipoma n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)lᵻˈpəʊmə/

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)lʌɪˈpəʊmə/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊləˈpoʊmə/

/ˌmaɪoʊˌlaɪˈpoʊmə/

Pathology a benign tumour composed of adipose tissue and smooth or striated muscle.

ΚΠ

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 916 This [sc. congenital lipoma] may be associated with spina bifida and sometimes contains striated muscle fibre (myolipoma).

1995 Virchows Archiv 427 353 Myolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm, occurring most frequently in adults in the deep soft tissue of the abdomen or retroperitoneum, and is composed of irregularly admixed mature adipose and smooth muscle tissues.

2000 Jrnl. Neurosurg. 92 (Suppl. 2) 214 The intradural myolipoma is a very rare tumor, consisting of fully differentiated striated muscle fibers mingled with fat.

† myonymy n. Obsolete rare a system of muscular nomenclature.

ΚΠ

1885 B. G. Wilder in Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 12 271 A myonymy which is..inapplicable to the same parts in many animals.

myopericarditis n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˌpɛrᵻkɑːˈdʌɪtᵻs/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪoʊˌpɛrəˌkɑrˈdaɪdᵻs/

Pathology inflammation of the myocardium and pericardium; myocarditis and pericarditis.

ΚΠ

1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 421/2 Myopericarditis.

1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 934/2 Changes in the electrocardiogram in pericarditis have been attributed to inflammation of the myocardium. For this reason, the authors favor use of the term myopericarditis in these viral infections.

1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. vii. 98 Coxsackie B viruses..induce a range of acute illness including..respiratory tract infections and myopericarditis.

† myophone n. Obsolete rare a microphone used to amplify the sound produced by contraction of a muscle.

ΚΠ

1889 W. H. Preece & J. Maier Telephone 467 Applied to a muscle, the same instrument [sc. Boudet's microphone] becomes an excellent myophone. It indicates the normal muscular sound.

† myopolar adj. Obsolete relating to neuromuscular electrical polarity.

ΚΠ

1887 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 1 185 Correcting for the movement of the indifference point along the myopolar tract.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Myopolar, a term applied to the direction of the electric current in electrotonic experiments when the nerve is stimulated between the electronising electrodes and the muscle.

† myoscope n. Obsolete rare an instrument for observing or demonstrating muscular contraction.

ΚΠ

1876 Catal. Special Loan Coll. Sci. Apparatus S. Kensington Mus. xviii. 525 Double Myoscope for the examination and demonstration of the laws of fraction.

myospasm n.

Brit.

/ˈmʌɪə(ʊ)ˌspaz(ə)m/

U.S.

/ˈmaɪəˌspæz(ə)m/

/ˈmaɪoʊˌspæz(ə)m/

Medicine muscle spasm or cramp; an instance of this.

ΚΠ

1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Myospasmus,..a myospasm.

1902 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 29 416 Such considerations render it inadvisable to avoid using myotonia as well as myoclonia as generic terms, substituting, perhaps, the word myospasm, clonic and tonic (a suggestion for which I am indebted to Dr. Courtney.

1987 Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Pathol. 64 9 An arthrokinetic myospasm resulted in compression of the lingual nerve.

1998 Adv. in Therapy 15 180 The PT machine..is the first biorobotic system that alleviates intradiscal pressure and myospasm.

myotrophin n.

Brit.

/ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfɪn/

U.S.

/ˌmaɪəˈtroʊfən/

Biochemistry a protein, originally identified in hypertrophied rat and human hearts, that stimulates protein synthesis and growth in myocardial cells; (also) a homologous protein found in sponges.

ΚΠ

1990 S. Sen et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 265 16635 This factor (designated myotrophin) appears to be a novel protein that shows no homology with any previously described growth factors.

1997 Protein Sci. 6 1347 Myotrophin has been shown to stimulate protein synthesis in myocytes and likely plays an important role in the initiation of cardiac hypertrophy.

2000 FASEB Jrnl. 14 2022 The sponge myotrophin causes in homologous cells the same/similar effect as the cardiac myotrophin in mammalian cells.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	myo-
释义	myo-comb. form Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element and vowels may be reduced accordingly. Forms: before a vowel my-. Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element. Etymons: Greek μυ- , μῦς , -o- connective. Etymology: < ancient Greek μυ-, μῦς muscle, mouse, mussel (see mouse n.) + -o- connective. Compare ancient Greek compounds in μυο- in sense ‘mouse’, as μυοκτόνος mouse-killing (see myoctonic adj.), and compare the modern formations myomancy n., myomorph n., and myomorphic adj. with the first element in the same sense.In sense ‘muscle’ earliest attested in the 17th cent. in scientific Latin (e.g. myologia myology n.) and in English in the loan myotomy n. and the adaptation myology n. The earliest independent formations within English are myasthenia n. and myopathy n. in the early to mid 19th cent.; such formations become very common in the final decades of the 19th cent. Compare French myo- (1629 in myologie myology n.), Italian mio- (1764 in miologo ), German myo- (1837 in Myocarditis ; compare earlier formations with the first element Muskel- : see muscle n.). Forming scientific terms relating to muscles or muscular tissue. myochemistry n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈkɛmᵻstri/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˈkɛməstri/ Biochemistry the biochemical processes involved in muscular function; the study of these. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > study of body > study of muscles > [noun] myology1649 myodynamics1853 myophysics1878 neuromyologya1890 myochemistry1962 1962 Lancet 1 Dec. 1165/1 I still wonder if two hours' instruction in pathological myochemistry will help the candidate. 1987 G. Benzi (title) Advances in myochemistry. † myodynamics n. Physiology Obsolete the dynamics of muscular (esp. cardiovascular) action. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > study of body > study of muscles > [noun] myology1649 myodynamics1853 myophysics1878 neuromyologya1890 myochemistry1962 1853 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 9) Myodynamics, see Muscular contraction. 1861 Year-bk. Med. 1860 (New Sydenham Soc.) 30 The Myodynamics of the heart and blood-vessels. † myodynamiometer n. Physiology Obsolete rare = myodynamometer n. ΚΠ 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) at Dynamometer Myodynamiometer, Myodynamometer, an instrument, contrived by M. Regnier. myodynamometer n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)dʌɪnəˈmɒmᵻtə/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˌdaɪnəˈmɑmədər/ Physiology rare an instrument for measuring the force of muscular contraction or muscular strength. ΚΠ 1842 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 3) at Dynamometer Myodynamiometer, Myodynamometer, an instrument, contrived by M. Regnier. 1991 Clin. Orthopaedics No. 266. 133 The maximum strength of knee extension was measured by a myodynamometer. myofibroma n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)fʌɪˈbrəʊmə/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˌfaɪˈbroʊmə/ Pathology (originally) a tumour composed of fibrous and muscle tissue; (later also) a tumour composed of myofibroblasts. ΚΠ 1888 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 24 Nov. 1182 Uterine Myofibroma. 1996 Dermatol. Surg. 22 761 Myofibroma is a third tumor that some have argued is a smooth muscle tumor rather than a fibroblastic tumor. 2002 Jrnl. Amer. Acad. Dermatol. 46 953 We report a case of acral myofibromas in a patient with generalized cutaneous morphea. myohaematin n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhiːmətɪn/ , /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈhɛmətɪn/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˈhimədən/ , /ˌmaɪoʊˈhɛmədən/ Biochemistry (now historical) (C. A. MacMunn's name for) the cytochromes of skeletal muscle. ΚΠ 1885 C. A. MacMunn in Proc. Royal Soc. 39 248 The name..of myohæmatin [is proposed] for the intrinsic pigment in striped muscle, which belongs to the same series [sc. that of histohæmatins]. 1925 D. Keilin in Proc. Royal Soc. B. 98 314 I have found that the pigment myo- or histohæmatin not only exists, but has much wider distribution and importance than was ever anticipated even by MacMunn. 1980 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 77 5084/1 In 1925, Keilin discovered cytochromes a, b, and c which were identified with MacMunn's myohaematin or histohaematin. myohaemoglobin n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˌhiːməˈɡləʊbɪn/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˈhiməˌɡloʊb(ə)n/ Biochemistry (now rare) = myoglobin n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > proteins > [noun] casein1838 albuminoid1855 xanthoglobulin1868 myochrome1872 xanthoprotein1883 histone1885 globulose1886 phaseolin1893 leucosin1894 nucleohistone1894 nucleon1895 mucoid1898 protone1898 mucinoid1902 myohaemoglobin1906 nucleoprotamine1911 cytozyme1914 leaf protein1917 cytochrome1925 mucoprotein1925 myoglobin1925 flavoprotein1934 oxymyoglobin1935 ferritin1937 lipovitellin1942 arthropodin1947 trypticase1947 erythropoietin1948 phosvitin1948 opsin1951 orosomucoid1955 metallothionein1960 plastocyanin1961 aequorin1962 ferredoxin1962 LDL1962 fetoprotein1964 thioredoxin1964 actinin1965 adrenodoxin1965 lactoferrin1965 myoglobulin1965 rubredoxin1965 uniporter1967 miraculin1968 nexin1970 bacteriorhodopsin1971 molybdoprotein1971 monellin1972 cytokine1974 ankyrin1975 clathrin1975 electromorph1975 tau1975 uniport1975 microtrabecula1976 porin1976 osteocalcin1977 calmodulin1978 monokine1978 PCNA1978 vimentin1978 interleukin1979 laminin1979 titin1979 villin1979 cyclin1981 triskele1981 acumentin1982 perforin1983 statin1985 activin1986 addressin1988 synuclein1988 chemokine1992 1906 G. Mann Chem. Proteids 474 The centre of the two bands of blood oxyhæmoglobin being at λ577 and 540, and those of myohæmoglobin at λ581 and λ543. 1924 Chem. Abstr. 18 3213 From the hypothetical ‘myohemoglobin’ coproporphyrin is formed. 1953 J. Hunt Ascent of Everest 274 Myohaemoglobin is an oxygen-carrying pigment similar to haemoglobin. 1996 Jrnl. Amer. Soc. Nephrol. 7 64/1 PTS [sc. proximal tubular segments] were extracted from mouse kidneys and subjected to diverse forms of injury (hypoxia/reoxygenation,..and myohemoglobin). myointimal adj. Brit. /ˌmʌɪəʊˈɪntᵻml/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˈɪn(t)əm(ə)l/ Medicine of, relating to, or designating smooth muscle cells in the intimal layer of a blood vessel. ΚΠ 1961 R. C. Buck in Circulation Res. 9 425/2 It seems appropriate that these cells should have a name which recognizes their origin from smooth muscle..and also their location, which is confined to the intima. The term ‘myo-intimal’ cell is suggested. 1999 Internat. Jrnl. Radiation 45 501 Histopathological findings in uncomplicated follow-up showed marked myointimal fibrosis in the muscular arteries. myokinase n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈkʌɪneɪz/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˈkaɪˌneɪs/ , /ˌmaɪoʊˈkaɪˌneɪz/ Biochemistry the enzyme adenylate kinase in muscle cells. ΚΠ 1943 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 148 117 (title) The röle of myokinase in transphosphorylations. 1953 Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 200 187 The enzyme myokinase, or adenylate kinase, which catalyses the establishment of an equilibrium between the three nucleotides, adenosinetriphosphate (ATP), adenosinediphosphate (ADP), and adenylic acid (AMP). 2001 Sports Med. 31 1063 Myokinase and creatine phosphokinase have shown small increases as a result of short-sprint training in some studies. † myolema n. Anatomy Obsolete rare = sarcolemma n. ΚΠ 1840 E. Wilson Anatomist's Vade Mecum 132 A number of ultimate fibrils enclosed in a delicate sheath or myolema. † myolemma n. Anatomy Obsolete rare = sarcolemma n. ΚΠ 1873 J. Angell Elem. Animal Physiol. v. 70 Each primitive fibre is invested with a delicate fine sheath of fine, tough, elastic, transparent, structureless membrane, termed the sarcolemma or myolemma. myolipoma n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)lᵻˈpəʊmə/ , /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)lʌɪˈpəʊmə/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊləˈpoʊmə/ , /ˌmaɪoʊˌlaɪˈpoʊmə/ Pathology a benign tumour composed of adipose tissue and smooth or striated muscle. ΚΠ 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 916 This [sc. congenital lipoma] may be associated with spina bifida and sometimes contains striated muscle fibre (myolipoma). 1995 Virchows Archiv 427 353 Myolipoma is a rare benign neoplasm, occurring most frequently in adults in the deep soft tissue of the abdomen or retroperitoneum, and is composed of irregularly admixed mature adipose and smooth muscle tissues. 2000 Jrnl. Neurosurg. 92 (Suppl. 2) 214 The intradural myolipoma is a very rare tumor, consisting of fully differentiated striated muscle fibers mingled with fat. † myonymy n. Obsolete rare a system of muscular nomenclature. ΚΠ 1885 B. G. Wilder in Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 12 271 A myonymy which is..inapplicable to the same parts in many animals. myopericarditis n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˌpɛrᵻkɑːˈdʌɪtᵻs/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪoʊˌpɛrəˌkɑrˈdaɪdᵻs/ Pathology inflammation of the myocardium and pericardium; myocarditis and pericarditis. ΚΠ 1900 W. A. N. Dorland Amer. Illustr. Med. Dict. 421/2 Myopericarditis. 1968 Jrnl. Pediatrics 73 934/2 Changes in the electrocardiogram in pericarditis have been attributed to inflammation of the myocardium. For this reason, the authors favor use of the term myopericarditis in these viral infections. 1990 T. G. Wreghitt & P. Morgan-Capner ELISA in Clin. Microbiol. Lab. vii. 98 Coxsackie B viruses..induce a range of acute illness including..respiratory tract infections and myopericarditis. † myophone n. Obsolete rare a microphone used to amplify the sound produced by contraction of a muscle. ΚΠ 1889 W. H. Preece & J. Maier Telephone 467 Applied to a muscle, the same instrument [sc. Boudet's microphone] becomes an excellent myophone. It indicates the normal muscular sound. † myopolar adj. Obsolete relating to neuromuscular electrical polarity. ΚΠ 1887 Amer. Jrnl. Psychol. 1 185 Correcting for the movement of the indifference point along the myopolar tract. 1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Myopolar, a term applied to the direction of the electric current in electrotonic experiments when the nerve is stimulated between the electronising electrodes and the muscle. † myoscope n. Obsolete rare an instrument for observing or demonstrating muscular contraction. ΚΠ 1876 Catal. Special Loan Coll. Sci. Apparatus S. Kensington Mus. xviii. 525 Double Myoscope for the examination and demonstration of the laws of fraction. myospasm n. Brit. /ˈmʌɪə(ʊ)ˌspaz(ə)m/ , U.S. /ˈmaɪəˌspæz(ə)m/ , /ˈmaɪoʊˌspæz(ə)m/ Medicine muscle spasm or cramp; an instance of this. ΚΠ 1857 R. G. Mayne Expos. Lexicon Med. Sci. (1860) Myospasmus,..a myospasm. 1902 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 29 416 Such considerations render it inadvisable to avoid using myotonia as well as myoclonia as generic terms, substituting, perhaps, the word myospasm, clonic and tonic (a suggestion for which I am indebted to Dr. Courtney. 1987 Oral Surg., Oral Med., Oral Pathol. 64 9 An arthrokinetic myospasm resulted in compression of the lingual nerve. 1998 Adv. in Therapy 15 180 The PT machine..is the first biorobotic system that alleviates intradiscal pressure and myospasm. myotrophin n. Brit. /ˌmʌɪə(ʊ)ˈtrəʊfɪn/ , U.S. /ˌmaɪəˈtroʊfən/ Biochemistry a protein, originally identified in hypertrophied rat and human hearts, that stimulates protein synthesis and growth in myocardial cells; (also) a homologous protein found in sponges. ΚΠ 1990 S. Sen et al. in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. 265 16635 This factor (designated myotrophin) appears to be a novel protein that shows no homology with any previously described growth factors. 1997 Protein Sci. 6 1347 Myotrophin has been shown to stimulate protein synthesis in myocytes and likely plays an important role in the initiation of cardiac hypertrophy. 2000 FASEB Jrnl. 14 2022 The sponge myotrophin causes in homologous cells the same/similar effect as the cardiac myotrophin in mammalian cells. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < comb. form1840
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