neuro-comb. form

1888 Encycl. Brit. XXIV. 184/1 A current of water which escaped by the neuranal canal (as in larval Amphioxus).

1894 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 4 173 For the axis-cylinder he [sc. Kölliker] suggests neuraxon or simply axon.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 512 The..unaltered continuity of the primitive fibrils of the neuraxon across the ‘cell body’.

1986 Veterinary Q. 8 45 Our findings..support the notion that the neuraxon rather than the myelin sheath is the prime target of disease in delayed swayback.

1883 J. Marshall (title) Neurectasy: or, nerve-stretching for the relief, or cure of pain.

a1876 M. Collins Pen Sketches (1879) II. 182 That peculiar idiosyncrasy which gives us our mediums, and mesmerists, and neurhypnotists.

1961 Science 21 June 188/1 A neuroactive principle of Lathyrus latifolius has been isolated..and has been identified as L-α,γdiaminobutyric acid.

1988 Nature 8 Dec. 518/1 As many as 40-50 different morphological subtypes of amacrine cells may be present, with about two dozen known neuroactive substances.

2000 New Scientist 11 Nov. 31/4 These ‘neuroactive’ alkaloids, known as tetrahydro-beta-carbolines, are produced when our bodies metabolise beer, wine or spirits.

1897 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. III. 73 The word neur-arthropathy conveniently represents this class of arthritic cases.

1977 Lancet 29 Jan. 232/2 Neuro-arthropathy is a complication of longstanding diabetes, the most commonly affected joints being the tarsal and tarsometatarsals, followed by the metatarsophalangeal and (infrequently) the ankles.

1995 Curr. Opinion Rheumatol. 7 54 Neuroarthropathies remain the most distinctive of the joint disorders that appear to result directly from neurologic injury.

1952 Psychol. Rev. 59 249 It is the relief from distress, we assume, that results in the organization of neurobehavioral patterns.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. xix. 575/1 Considerable evidence..has accumulated during the past two decades from neurobehavioral studies.

1988 Psychiatric Devel. 6 84 Because I found the learning models of Gray and Eysenck were at least partly inconsistent with available neurobiological and neurobehavioral data, I attempted to develop a more adequate learning model.

1997 Independent 10 Mar. i. 5/3 The veteran now has a series of long-term neurobehavioural symptoms, including memory loss, mood swings and tiredness.

1987 Economist 10 Oct. 91/1 In some parts of Europe it [sc. Lyme disease] was first seen early this century, as a neurological disease, and is known as neuroborreliosis.

1992 Lancet 27 June 1598/1 Borrelia garinii (after Garin's 70 year-old paper describing meningoradiculitis preceded by tick bite)..in Europe tends to be associated with neuroborreliosis.

1997 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94 12533/1 Symptoms such as acute arthritis and neuroborreliosis may undergo spontaneous resolution.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 212 The apparatus is hence termed ‘Neurochord’ by Vejdovsky.., who compares it physiologically with the notochord of Chordata.

1909 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 200 431 The latter can be traced down the nerve cord as a ‘neurochord’.

1989 Encycl. Brit. XIII. 841/2 Simple neurochords are very large single nerve cells; their axons arise from cells situated in either the brain or a segmental ganglion.

1998 Hydrobiologia 367 175 The following combination of morphological features distinguishes the new species from any other genera in this family:..neurochord cells present in central nervous system; [etc.].

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 898 The neuroclonic state of the neurons of the spinal cord may appear subsequently.

1978 Brain & Lang. 6 36 The neurocognitive scale is a method of quantifying clinical judgments regarding the degree to which certain behaviors exist which are presumed to be characteristic of the neurocognitive dysfunctions affecting scholastic performance.

1985 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 30 105 The second author..appears to be responsible for the neuro-cognitive model of visual language processing.

1998 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 95 11290 The model of human neurocognitive architecture proposed by evolutionary psychologists is based on the presumption that the demains of the hunter-gatherer life generated a vast array of cognitive adaptations.

1882 E. Coues in Amer. Jrnl. Otol. Jan. 19 For the three segments of the cranium, forming a vaulted tubular brain-case, or neurocrane, are morphologically complete without intervention of a chronosteon.

1882 E. Coues in Amer. Jrnl. Otol. Jan. 20 Those parts which are not otocratic, or accessory thereto, are rather maxillary or mandibular or hyoidean than neurocranial.

1948 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 233 340 The neurocranial bones of Lepidotus and Lepidosteus are sufficiently alike to confirm the derivation of the latter from the former.

1997 Ann. Rev. Anthropol. 26 205 The shape of the basicranium may be a more reliable indicator of phylogenetic relationships than most neurocranial and facial dimensions.

1907 W. N. Parker tr. R. Wiedersheim Elements Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 75 The portion of the skull which is situated along the main axis in continuation of the vertebral column and which encloses the brain, is known as the brain-case or cranium (neurocranium).

1942 A. J. Grove & G. E. Newell Animal Biol. xv. 257 Other cartilage is laid down at the sides and above the brain until it becomes enclosed in a cartilaginous box, the brain box or neurocranium.

1980 Gray's Anat. (ed. 36) iii. 294/2 Even in the earlier vertebrates the neurocranium..has been joined by special cartilaginous supports for the external nares and olfactory receptors, the eyeballs, and the labyrinths.

1925 Physiol. Abstr. 9 544 The secretion of these ‘neurocrine’ glands acts directly on the nerves.

1947 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 232 394 The relationship of the pars distalis of the pituitary and the possible neurocrine secretion by the hypothalamic nuclei to the water balance of the body are still debatable points.

1962 Science Survey 3 264 There exist equally interesting relationships between odours and animal behaviour on a different and perhaps more profound level..which are very likely mediated by the vegetative nervous system and the neurocrine and other endocrine glands.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. xii. 52/1 Some of the peptides..were also demonstrated to occur in the brain and the concept of neurocrine peptides with a neurotransmitter role has arisen.

1935 W. A. N. Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 17) 909/1 Neurocutaneous, pertaining to the nerves and skin; pertaining to the cutaneous nerves.

1959 Jrnl. Pediatrics 55 189 (title) Congenital neurocutaneous syndromes in childhood.

1978 Cutis 21 848 The neurocutaneous syndromes are a diverse group of diseases characterized by widespread abnormalities in structures of ectodermal origin, including the skin, eye, and central and peripheral nervous systems.

1994 Mayo Clinic Proc. 69 991 Between attacks, patients with neurocutaneous porphyrias may have normal urinary porphyrins.

2000 Ann. Plastic Surg. 44 53 Neurocutaneous flaps have been popularized recently in clinical reconstructive surgery.

1910 Science 6 May 719/1 On the neurocytologic changes in shock, infections, Grave's [sic] disease and with certain drugs.

1977 Science 14 Oct. (front matter) 117/1 Over 115 plates reveal the latest neurocytologic findings.

1960 Diss. Abstr. Internat. 20 2486/1 (heading) Neurocytological studies of experimental ascending tetanus in the albino rat.

1977 Science 2 Sept. 943/3 The basic neurocytological lesion in all these diseases is a progressive vacuolation in the dendritic and axonal processes and cell bodies of neurons.

1992 Science 14 Aug. 877/2 Peter Mestres..would like to use the system in his own neurocytological research.

1951 Science 24 Aug. 215/2 La Cellule Nerveuse, together with Cajal's better known Histologie du Système Nerveux de l'Homme et des Vértebrés, are major chapters in the neurocytologist's Old Testament.

1986 Neuropathol. & Appl. Neurobiol. 12 149 (heading) Spongiform encephalopathy: a neurocytologist's viewpoint with a note on Alzheimer's disease.

1898 Science 9 Dec. 839/2 The Journal of Comparative Neurology..has added to its collaborators Professor C. F. Hodge, of Clark University (Neurocytology, especially functional changes in nerve cells).

1987 Nature 19 Mar. 252d/2 (advt.) The Journal of Neurocytology is a journal of cellular neurobiology which publishes high quality research papers bearing on the normal and abnormal organization, development and cellular structure and function of invertebrate and vertebrate nervous tissue.

1994 E. Pannese Neurocytology p. vii/2 I had to omit certain arguments which are properly part of neurocytology, such as the histogenesis, differentiation, and maturation of nerve and neuroglial cells.

1937 Psychol. Abstr. 11 627/2 The cause of the reported case of this disease is a ‘progressive focal neurodegeneration’.

1973 Molecular Pharmacol. 9 506/1 The mechanisms by which this amine causes neurodegeneration are unknown.

1992 N.Y. Times 10 Mar. c2 Vitamins..may help forestall or even reverse many diseases of aging, including cancer, heart disease..neurodegeneration and other chronic disorders.

2001 Nature 18 Oct. p. ix/2 Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors restore acetylated histone levels, and also prevent neurodegeneration in a Drosophila model.

1907 Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 17 Aug. 263/2 Spitzka, in defining paranoia, states that it is ‘based on an acquired transmitted neurodegenerative taint’.

1965 Pediatrics 36 417 (title) Sex-linked neurodegenerative disease associated with monilithrix.

1978 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75 1 The..lesion..produces chemical and histologic changes in the nigrostriatal circuit similar to those occurring in the hereditary and neurodegenerative disorder, Huntingdon disease.

1993 N.Y. Times 2 Nov. c3/4 Huntington's disease afflicts about 30,000 Americans... The best known victim of the neurodegenerative disorder was the folk singer Woodie Guthrie.

1895 Science 6 Dec. 778/2 The following [terms for nerve cells] were especially mentioned: Neuron (Waldeyer), has the form of a collective; neurodendron (Kölliker), cumbrous and not characteristic of all stages; [etc.].

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 490 From the cell-body, or from a protoplasmic extension of the cell (neuro-dendron) the nerve process or axon is given off.

1900 Philos. Rev. 9 88 According to the hypothesis of Rabl-Rueckhard and Duval, the excitation of a ganglion-ell produces a prolongation of its neurodendrons.

1896 Amer. Year-bk. Med. & Surg. 715 (heading) Vitiligo, lichen ruber planus, and chronic circumscribed neurodermatitis.

1954 Bull. Muscogee County Med. Soc. Aug. 9 A large list of diseases has been included under the term ‘psychosomatic’,..it includes..certain skin diseases—notably the so-called neurodermatitides.

1997 Cutis 59 19 Dermatophagia is a neurodermatitis akin to onychophagia, onychotillomania, trichotillomania, dermatothlasia, neurotic excoriations, and other conditions in which persons have a neurotic habit or compulsion to self-multilate their skin or its appendages.

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Neurodermatosis.

1911 M. Morris Dis. Skin (ed. 5) iv. 54 (heading) Neuroses of the skin. Classification of neuro-dermatoses.

1935 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 5 Oct. 1099/1 A group of eighty patients presenting typical clinical examples of the neurodermatoses..was selected.., with diagnoses as follows: neurodermatitis (dry type), nineteen; pruritus ani or vulvae, five; neurodermatitis (exudative type), twenty-eight; dyshidrosis, four; [etc.].

1961 Lancet 12 Aug. 369/1 MacKenna very artistically described neurodermatosis when he stated that ‘in some cases the skin is an organ of stress which bears the brunt of nervous agitation, acting as the canvas on which the perturbation of the mind is painted.’

1994 Brit. Jrnl. Dermatol. 131 23 They may provide an interesting link between the nerve damage and cutaneous abnormalities seen in this rare neurodermatosis.

1968 R. MacKeith in Devel. Med. Child Neurol. 10 143 To cover the child with developmental delay due to social deprivation equally with the one who has hemiplegia which is ‘organic’ and the child with specific learning disorders whose origin is as yet usually obscure, we are using the term ‘Neurodevelopmental Disorder’.

1975 Lang. for Life (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) xvii. 246 Other relevant factors of a medical or neuro-developmental kind are disturbances in auditory and visual perception..and poorly co-ordinated movement.

1999 N.Y. Times 2 Sept. a27/4 (advt.) These are examples of children with normal or superior overall cognitive ability who are contending with differences in the wiring of their brains, subtle but important neuro-developmental variations that impede their learning productivity and enjoyment of education.

1892 New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon Neuro-epidermal, relating to the nerves and the skin.

1992 Genetics 132 481 The genes of the complex are interspersed among other genes which appear to be unrelated to the neuroepidermal lineage dichotomy.

1994 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 91 6531/2 To further characterize neuro-epidermal transmission of HSV-1.

1963 J. L. Brown & R. W. Hunsperger in Animal Behaviour 11 439/2 The most common means of activation for neuroethology at the present time is the electrical stimulation of circumscribed small areas of the brain.

1987 Nature 7 May 25/2 The greatest progress in neuroethology has been made by examining specialist species, organisms such as bats and owls whose behaviour, sensory structures and neural wiring have evolved to tackle one principal task.

2000 Naturwissenschaften 87 142 Electrocommunication in mormyrid fish from African freshwaters is a challenging research field in neuroethology.

1955 S. L. Palay & G. E. Palade in Jrnl. Biophysical & Biochem. Cytol. 1 78 Neurofilaments.—Fine, long threads, 60 to 100 A in diameter and of indefinite length, traverse the cytoplasmic matrix [of the neuron] between masses of Nissl substance and other organelles.

1965 Progress Brain Res. 14 57 Electron microscopical studies have shown that the neurofibrils of light microscopists are made up of fine, long, apparently non-branching structures approximately 100 Å in diameter. These are the neurofilaments.

1968 G. A. Horridge Interneurons i. 11 Throughout the animal kingdom..many axons and dendrites of nerve cells have tubules in the axoplasm; others, such as the squid giant axon, have neurofilaments that are thinner and less obviously tubular.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xi. 667 (caption) Neurofilaments in a nerve cell axon are extensively cross-linked through protein cross-bridges—an arrangement believed to provide great tensile strength.

1995 Sci. News 6 May 279/1 The researchers studied genetically engineered mice that make large quantities of a human protein that forms threadlike polymers called neurofilaments.

1907 Amer. Naturalist 41 457 The fusion or intergradation of nervous and glandular tissue in the neuro-glandular complex of several ascidians.

1941 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 74 106 Neuroglandular cells are described in three species of cockroaches.

1943 H. Read Educ. through Art 26 Temperament..is closely connected with the neuro-glandular system and the relations of the cortex to the sub-cortex.

1964 J. Z. Young Model of Brain xviii. 296 There must be some common principle involved to produce these similar neuroglandular arrangements in completely independent phyla.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) II. xx. 56/2 Eccrine sweat glands are largely innervated by unique post-ganglionic sympathetic fibres that release acetylcholine at the neuroglandular junction.

1953 D. B. Carlisle & F. Knowles in Nature 29 Aug. 405/1 The adjective ‘neurohæmal’ seems to us to be the most appropriate topographical name denoting the common feature of these organs. The organs may thus be referred to collectively as neurohæmal organs, while the adjective may be combined with any of the pre-existing names for these various organs, as, for example, ‘the post-commissural neurohæmal organ’ and ‘dorsal neurohæmal lamella’.

1983 Neuroscience 9 271 In the neurohemal contact zone, immunoreactive endings were observed among unlabelled neurosecretory endings in close vicinity to fenestrated capillary perivascular space.

1998 R. F. Chapman Insects (ed. 4) xxi. 578/1 Peptides enter the hemolymph in neurohemal areas or organs formed by the terminals of neurosecretory cells.

1973 (title) Neuroimmunology.

1989 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Feb. 320/3 It would be paradoxical if the simple curry were to throw light..on the expanding academic subject of gastrointestinal neuroimmunology.

2000 Nature 26 Oct. 963 Advances in our understanding of how the brain develops have provided a rough blueprint for how we may bring about regeneration in the damaged brain. Studies in developmental neurobiology, intracellular signalling and neuroimmunology are bringing the regeneration field closer to success.

1926 G. R. de Beer Compar. Anat. Pituitary Body ii. 28 The anterior lobe consists only of the pars anterior, but the posterior lobe, which always contains the partes intermedia and nervosa, may or may not also be associated with the pars tuberalis, since many authors fail to distinguish between the latter and the pars intermedia. In order to avoid ambiguity the term neuro-intermediate lobe may be used to include the pars nervosa and the pars intermedia, since they are always in the closest morphological association.

1965 J. Lee & F. Knowles Animal Hormones ii. 28 In fishes the pituitary gland is conveniently divided into three portions... Closely associated with the posterior portion of the adenohypophysis (pars intermedia), and extending into it, is the pars nervosa; the term neuro-intermediate lobe is often applied to this region.

1973 Nature 28 Sept. 207/2 Pituitary control of sebaceous gland activity has generally been assumed to be a function of the anterior lobe. The possibility that the neurointermediate (NI) lobe is involved was first suggested when we found that its removal led to a decrease in sebum secretion.

2000 Neuropeptides 34 69 We investigated the ability of selective opioid agonists and antagonists to influence pro-opiomelanocortin peptide secretion from the rat neurointermediate lobe in vitro.

1883 E. Klein Elem. Histol. §140 Its own hyaline more or less elastic sheath, composed of neurokeratin.

1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 515/2 Related to this substance [sc. keratin] are ‘neuro-keratin’, found in the medullary sheath of nerves, [etc.].

1966 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 166 279 After cold acetone extraction of whole brain 38% of the radioactivity was present in the aqueous buffer extract,..and 10% in the insoluble neurokeratin residue.

1985 C. R. Leeson et al. Textbk. Histol. (ed. 5) vii. 223/1 Myelin..is dissolved after ordinary fixation methods, leaving a network of protein material called neurokeratin around the nerve fiber.

1960 L. F. Chapman et al. in Trans. Assoc. Amer. Physicians 73 263 This polypeptide has been labeled ‘neurokinin’ and has been found..to be released during neuronal excitation.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. xii. 55/1 Recently..neurokinins alpha and beta..have also been shown to be present in humans.

1987 Neuropharmacology 26 971/2 Of these [tachykinins], the ones present in the mammalian nervous system are referred to as neurokinins.

2000 Biol. of Reprod. 62 1661 The major neurokinins are substance P, neurokinin A, and neurokinin B, which predominantly activate neurokinin receptors (NK-Rs) 1, 2, and 3, respectively.

1908 W. McDougall in Brain 31 247 This distinction between chemically stored or potential nervous energy and the liberated active nervous energy is, I feel sure, one of the first importance for neurological speculation... Oscar Vogt..has proposed to mark it by calling the freed nervous energy ‘neurokyme’.

1926 W. McDougall Outl. Abnormal Psychol. v. 104 All mental activity involves the discharge of neurokyme from the sensory to the motor side of the brain.

1944 W. Brown Psychol. & Psychotherapy (ed. 5) v. 57 McDougall regards the passage of nervous energy (neurokyme) across the synapses of the cerebral cortex as the physical correlate of the psychical process.

1961 Stud. in Linguistics 15 70 Ideally, the neurolinguist would have thorough training in scientific linguistics and in neuroanatomy and neurophysiology.

1991 Appl. Linguistics 12 312 Cerebellar language learning..has received little [close study] from either neurolinguists or neuroanatomists.

1951 Sci. Monthly Feb. 74/1 The necessary magnification of images is effected by an ingenious and simple neuromechanical device.

1975 Pediatrics 56 972/1 The neuromechanical output of the respiratory apparatus does not change with growth.

1993 Ann. Biomed. Eng. 21 509/1 Ventilatory optimization may emerge from..behavioral responses that involve..inhibitory neuromechanical feedbacks.

1900 Buck's Ref. Handbk. Med. Sci. (rev. ed.) I. 647 The automotive actions of vegetative life.—Under this head we have: (a) those of the respiratory neuro-mechanism; (b) those of the cardiac neuro-mechanism [etc.].

1934 Jrnl. Negro Educ. 3 365/2 For these fine modulations of expression in the face of the white the necessary basis comprises a readily responsive neuromechanism.

1990 Canad. Jrnl. Physiol. & Pharmacol. 68 304 The nausea and vomiting is thought to be a second-order process rather than being due to direct stimulation of neuromechanisms that control vomiting.

1999 Jrnl. Dermatol. 26 77 Little is known about the neuromechanisms involved in pruritus accompanying many inflammatory skin diseases.

1957 Jrnl. Histochem. & Cytochem. 5 328 The ferric ferricyanide reaction of human neuromelanin was unaffected by a 4 hour nitrosation.

1966 Lancet 31 Dec. 1467/1 We have examined four adult [olfactory] bulbs and proximal tracts in detail as part of a larger study of the location of human neuromelanin in patients without disease of the central nervous system.

1993 Jrnl. Neurochem. 61 68/1 Neuromelanin is a poorly defined pigment..that accumulates normally with age in the central catecholaminergic neurons of most species.

1997 Guardian 8 Nov. (Weekend Suppl.) 44/1 This..might be explained by a correlation between the amount of the pigment melanin in the iris and the amount of neuromelanin—a substance that is thought to speed up nerve impulses—in the central nervous system.

1902 Amer. Jrnl. Insanity 59 47 Korsakoff..described..a neuro-mental syndrome.

1995 Ann. Neurol. 38 687/2 We advocate discontinuing valproate therapy in all epileptic patients with neuromental deterioration or brain atrophy of unknown etiology.

1851 T. Laycock in tr. J. A. Unzer Princ. Physiol. Introd. p. i He showed an early inclination to neuro-metaphysical studies.

1975 Agressologie 16 349 (heading) Hormonal regulation in ‘constancy’ and central nerve servo-mechanism in control of operation of the hypophyso-cortico-suprarenal couple. Part played by neuromodulation and environment.

1979 Nature 29 Nov. 518/2 It is possible that this interaction may serve as a model of the means whereby neurotransmitters and adenine nucleotides, which are commonly secreted together in synapses, participate in the ‘neuromodulation’ of physiological events.

1996 Jrnl. Urol. 155 2009/1 Despite the growing interest in functional electrical stimulation, experience with neuromodulation in patients with proved idiopathic detrusor instability is currently limited.

1926 Physiol. Rev. 6 564 Comparable data on muscle and the neuromyal junction.

1965 Jrnl. Pharmacol. & Exper. Therapeutics 147 350 (heading) Pharmacological actions of oxamides and hydroxyanalinium compounds at frog neuromyal junction.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. vi. 182/1 The neuromyal synapse is the prototype of what will be called chemical synapses.

1982 Jrnl. Autonomic Nerv. Syst. 6 47 Biogenic amines..can modulate transmission in sympathetic ganglia and at the neuromyal junction.

1957 New Eng. Jrnl. Med. 257 345 (title) Epidemic neuromyasthenia; an outbreak of poliomyelitislike illness in student nurses.

1967 Amer. Jrnl. Epidemiol. 86 763/1 A toxin was considered the etiologic agent..in at least three other epidemics of neuromyasthenia.

1994 Clin. Infectious Dis. 18 (Suppl. 1) s32 Outbreaks of illnesses of unknown etiology typified by a chronic relapsing course of constitutional symptoms and nervous system involvement have collectively been referred to as chronic fatigue syndrome, epidemic neuromyasthenia, and myalgic encephalomyelitis.

1841 R. Owen in Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. III. 30/1 An argument in favour of the theory of neuromyic action.

a1890 E. Coues & D. K. Shute in Med. Rec. (N.Y.) 32 93/2 Neurology is the key to myology; and a neuro-myology is practicable.

1897 B. G. Wilder in Nature 7 Jan. 224 The neuronyms adopted by the Anatomische Gesellschaft in 1895.

1938 R. L. Rea Neuro-Ophthalmology p. vii I have given..demonstrations on the fundus oculi and lectures on neuro-ophthalmology at the West End Hospital for Nervous Diseases.

1977 Lancet 1 Jan. 54/2 His particular research interests are in ocular pharmacology, neurophthalmology, and metabolic eye disease.

1999 Jrnl. Neuroophthalmol. 19 84 We focus on effects of plasticity in the adult visual cortex which are of major importance in the daily practice of neuroophthalmology.

1964 M. Critchley Developmental Dyslexia xiii. 80 Instances of maturational lag..encountered in neuro-pædiatric practice.

1995 Pediatric Neurol. 12 31/1 The study comprised 140 children..with different neuropediatric diseases.

1966 Minnesota Med. 49 1429 (title) Neuro-pediatrics conference.

1971 Neuropediatrie 3 223/2 Not only pediatrics in general but also neuropediatrics has changed during the last years. In the past, pediatric neurology primarily dealt with brain tumors, and diagnosis and sophisticated description of early infantile brain damage and epilepsy.

1995 Child's Nerv. Syst. 11 501/1 Neuropaediatrics is a wide sector of medicine that in recent years has undergone rapid and intensive development parallel to the development of paediatrics itself.

1912 Mind 21 10 It is the parallelism of mind and external things (what Prof. Ward calls the neurophysical parallelism).

1979 Business Week 22 Oct. 145/2 It is generally agreed that dyslexia, or the cluster of disorders broadly termed ‘learning disabilities’, is caused by some neurophysical or electrochemical imbalance in the brain.

1992 Nursing Times 10 Low-level exposure to lead during early childhood is associated with delays in neurophysical development during the first seven years of life.

1884 Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 23 119 The homology of the fore and hind neuropores with the fore and hind openings of the actinostome.

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xv. 222 This tube becomes the nerve cord of the organism and the cavity within the tube is the neurocoele, which opens to the outside at its anterior end through the neuropore.

1995 Nature 2 Mar. 22/2 In amphioxus and the tunicates the blastopore shifts forward during neurulation to become the neuropore at the anterior end of the animal.

1891 D. Wilson Right Hand 186 The centres of the neuro-psychic factors of language.

1937 G. W. Allport Personality xi. 295 We are left with a concept of trait as a generalized and focalized neuropsychic system (peculiar to the individual).

1989 Jrnl. Neurol., Neurosurg. & Psychiatry 52 43 Three young women..who developed progressive neuropsychic and neurologic disturbances with hearing loss..are reported.

1882 Amer. Jrnl. Insanity 39 33 It has been held that there is a neuropsychopathic taint in all cases of perverted sexual instinct.

1998 Isis 89 448 Late nineteenth-century physicians had regarded homosexuality as the manifestation of neuropsychopathic degeneration, a protean and vaguely conceptualized pathological condition of the central nervous system.

1959 P. B. Bradley et al. Neuro-Psychopharmacology Pref. p. vii The meeting..was organised by the International Collegium for Neuro-Psychopharmacology.

1977 Lancet 9 Apr. 817/1 Schizophrenia was singled out as providing fertile ground for the study of neuropsychopharmacology and neurobiochemistry of mental disorder.

1995 Medicinal Res. Rev. 15 33 (title) Volume versus wiring transmission in the brain: a new theoretical frame for neuropsychopharmacology.

1890 Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. 17 432 (title) Contribution to the study of the traumatic neuropsychoses.

1918 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Totem & Taboo iii. 158 The system formation is most ingenious in delusional states (paranoia) and dominates the clinical picture, but it also must not be overlooked in other forms of neuropsychoses.

1936 A. Myerson in Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry 93 281 I formally introduce the concept of the neuropsychosis. The neuropsychosis comes into being by an intensification of the symptomatology of the neuroses.

1990 CU Amiga Apr. 3/1 Today neural computers are a reality. Rik Haynes braves neuropsychosis by talking to a leading neural pioneer, Professor Igor Aleksander.

1878 A. M. Hamilton Nerv. Dis. 187 Loss of vision complete, neuroretinitis of both eyes.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VI. 707 The occurrence of attacks of neuro-retinitis in gouty subjects.

1964 S. Duke-Elder Parsons' Dis. Eye (ed. 14) xxiii. 347 When the retina is seriously involved, the condition is called neuro-retinitis.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) I. v. 492/2 Large cumulative doses of chloroquine (more than 100g over a few years) can cause irreversible neuroretinitis.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. II. 210/1 Neurorrhaphy, nerve-suture.

1909 Practitioner Nov. 699 The result of a secondary neurorrhaphy is frequently not very good... The simple suture of the nerve, leaving the muscles wasted from long disuse, will of itself do but little good.

1967 Brain 90 288 The contrast between the Wallerian degeneration occurring distally and the degeneration within the anastomotic zone is especially apparent one week after neurorrhaphy.

2000 Plastic & Reconstructive Surg. 106 383 The present study confirms that end-to-side neurorrhaphy is a reliable method of reconstruction for damaged nerves.

1935 M. Kendig (title) A proposed research investigation valuable in the improvement of teaching on the Junior College level: application of a method for scientific control of the neuro-linguistic and neuro-semantic mechanisms in the learning process.

1946 S. A. Hayakawa in W. S. Knickerbocker 20th Cent. Eng. 47 In accounting for human behavior it postulates the ‘neuro-semantic environment’—the environment, that is, of dogmas, beliefs, creeds, knowledge, and superstitions to which we react as the result of our training—as a fundamental and inescapable part of our total environment.

1988 N. Postman Conscientious Objections 144 Korzybski believed that by studying general semantics deeply..we could re-educate our ‘neuro-semantic’ systems and thus reduce social conflict and a variety of psychological disorders.

1929 C. U. A. Kappers Evol. Nerv. Syst. Invertebr., Vertebr. & Man 3 The different forms of nervous conductors are three: the neuro-sensory cell, which generally retains its place in an epithelial layer, the primitive or asynaptic ganglion cell and the polarized or synaptic neurone, both of which are nearly always located under the epithelium.

1946 L. A. White in W. S. Knickerbocker 20th Cent. Eng. 93 The animal hearing them understands them..by virtue of his own inborn neuro-sensory equipment.

1962 D. Nichols Echinoderms iii. 43 Besides the general scattering of neurosensory cells over the asteroid body, there are five light-sensitive optic cushions, one at the base of each terminal tentacle.

1987 O. E. Butler Dawn (1991) iii. ix. 177 It was a neurosensory illusion. Nikanj stimulates nerves directly, and we remember or create experiences to suit the sensations.

1900 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 10 175 The author [sc. Ruffini] thus distinguishes this spindle, which may bear his name, from the neuro-tendinous end-organs of Golgi.

1920 S. W. Ranson Anat. Nerv. Syst. v. 72 Somewhat analogous structures [to the neuromuscular end organs] are the neurotendinous end organs or tendon spindles where myelinated nerve-fibers end in relation to specialized tendon fasciculi.

1962 E. C. Crosby et al. Correl. Anat. Nerv. Syst. ii. 87/2 The dendritic endings may be of neuromuscular or neurotendinous type (that is, muscle spindles or tendon spindles).

1997 Anat. Rec. 247 189 Neuromuscular and neurotendinous spindles are present in extraocular muscles of the family Camilidae.

1882 Ogilvie's Imperial Dict. (new ed.) Neurotonic, a medicine employed to strengthen the nervous system.

1977 Jrnl. Toxicol. & Environmental Health 2 1064 The toxicities of the same compounds were tested in laboratory animals by methods of general toxicology and neurotoxicology.

1992 Science 4 Dec. 1690 (advt.) Open to interactive, team-oriented, funded scientists focused on..occupational or environmental behavioral neurotoxicology.

1948 E. de Robertis & F. O. Schmitt in Jrnl. Cellular & Compar. Physiol. 31 3 Although unequivocal proof of the structure of the fibers cannot yet be given, the available evidence is consistent with the view that they are tubular, possessing a thin wall of relatively high electron density and a core of low density. To facilitate description they will be called ‘neurotubules’.

1969 Nature 15 Nov. 710/1 The chief axoplasmic components, extending beyond the neurone cell body, are neurofilaments and neurotubules.

1970 P. A. Weiss in F. O. Schmitt Neurosciences: 2nd Study Program lxxiii. 845/2 In contrast to the straight neurotubules, the neurofilaments, 70–100 Ångström units in diameter, show a more wavy course.

1998 Jrnl. Neurosci. Res. 53 569 With the transmission electron microscope, numerous neurotubules were observed, both in the cell soma and in their neuritic extensions.

1888 G. Rolleston & W. H. Jackson Forms Animal Life (ed. 2) 570 An aboral stem, generally jointed and containing a neuro-vascular apparatus.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VIII. 609 A certain disposition to nutritive disturbance, or even neuro-vascular tension.

1968 Brit. Jrnl. Plastic Surg. 21 348 The resultant scars may incorporate the deeper functional structures, as for instance the extensor apparatus and the neuro-vascular pedicles, to form a solid block fixed to bone.

1981 R. N. Hardy Endocrine Physiol. vii. 69 The nature of this neurovascular link was established immediately after the Second World War.

1998 Lab. Animals 32 422 An intact neurovascular supply is essential for the viability of a muscle flap.

1937 Sci. Monthly 44 485/1 Professor Abrami stated his belief that..the uniformly beneficial results reported..represent the sum of very complex biological reactions..which take place in the functional state of the neurovegetative system.

1995 Drugs 50 782/2 Neuroleptics..reduce the neurovegetative symptoms that commonly parallel vertigo.

1961 Lancet 23 Sept. 717/2 The Cox strains..exhibit a much higher level of monkey neurovirulence.

1987 D. J. Weatherall et al. Oxf. Textbk. Med. (ed. 2) II. xxi. 265/2 A new enterovirus..was isolated from the conjunctivae of Japanese patients and its neurovirulence demonstrated in monkeys.

1998 Res. Virol. 149 235 This first reported case of classical DF [= dengue fever] with encephalitis in French Guiana is a new demonstration of the potential neurovirulence of dengue viruses.

1965 Jrnl. Immunol. 95 731 The rates of adsorption of the neurovirulent and attenuated poliovirus strains were similar.

1988 Nature 3 Mar. 13/1 The Sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus has accumulated multiple attenuating mutations with respect to its neurovirulent parent (type 1 Mahoney).

2000 Jrnl. Virol. 74 6117 Little is known about the role of CD8(+) T cells infiltrating the neural parenchyma during encephalitis induced by neurovirulent Sindbis virus (NSV).