nickeln.adj.
/ˈnɪkl/, U.S. /ˈnɪk(ə)l/ A. n.
1. A hard silvery-white chemical element, atomic number 28, which is one of the transition metals, is both malleable and ductile, and which usually occurs in combination with arsenic or sulphur (esp. in pentlandite, niccolite, and millerite). Symbol Ni.The chief uses of nickel are as a component of various corrosion-resistant and magnetic alloys (e.g. with copper in coins; cf. cupro-nickel n. at cupro- comb. form ), as a catalyst (cf. Raney nickel n. at Raney n. 2), in plating, and in rechargeable batteries (with cadmium; cf. Nicad n.).
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the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > nickel > [noun]
nickel1755
nickel metal1851
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > nickel
nickel1755
nickel metal1851
1755 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 541/1 From the name of this mineral [sc. kupfernickel] he [sc. Cronstedt] gives the metal the name of Nickel.
1772 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 62 249 Bismuth and nickel are dissolved in the marine acid.
1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 63 There are..persons who have denied the magnetism of purified nickel.
1822 J. Imison Elem. Sci. & Art II. 118 Nickel alloys with most of the metals.
1858 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation 1443/1 Nickel forms twelve per cent. of the new cent authorized by Congress in 1857.
1866 H. E. Roscoe Lessons Elem. Chem. xxi. 187 German silver is an alloy of zinc and nickel.
1899 J. W. Urquhart Electro-plating (ed. 4) 222 The advantages of a thick deposit of nickel are that it can be manipulated by the polisher with confidence and the ‘life’ of the plated article is..greatly increased.
1924 A. J. Allmand & H. J. T. Ellingham Princ. Appl. Electrochem. (ed. 2) xvi. 345 Under some conditions there is a marked tendency for the deposit to flake off or exfoliate, as in the case of nickel.
1955 K. Hutton & A. Swallow Chem. for Gen. Sci. xvii. 250 One form of stainless steel contains 18 per cent chromium, 8 per cent nickel, 1 per cent wolfram and 1 per cent titanium.
1999 Cosmopolitan (U.K. ed.) June 254/3 If you suffer from headaches, Phillips suggest..a leather case lined with nickel, which protects users from harmful emissions from the face of the phone.
2.
a. North American. A small coin partly made of nickel; spec. (a) rare (now historical) a one-cent piece; (b) a five-cent piece. Also used as the type of a coin of small value.In 1857 a one-cent piece containing 12% nickel was authorized by Congress; from 1864, one-cent pieces were made instead from bronze. A five-cent piece containing one part of nickel to three of copper was introduced in 1866.
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society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > North American coins > U.S. > one-cent piece
penny1831
red1849
nickel1857
ct.a1875
society > trade and finance > money > medium of exchange or currency > coins collective > foreign coins > [noun] > North American coins > U.S. > five-cent piece
half-dime1796
nickel1857
jitney1903
jit1913
1857 N.Y. Herald 27 May 4/6 ‘Nary red’ will soon be an obsolete phrase, among the boys, and ‘nary nickel’ will take its place.
1858 O. W. Holmes Autocrat of Breakfast-table ix. 257 A picture as big as a copper, or a ‘nickel’, rather, at the bottom of his eye.
1881 G. W. Romspert Western Echo 233 My sales ran from seventy-five to one hundred and fifty dollars per day for several weeks. I shall leave the reader to guess at the margins, and only say that we did not deal in nickels.
1890 A. C. Gunter Miss Nobody i I can't go through Yale on nothing but a fifty-dollar note and two nickels.
1906 U. Sinclair Jungle xv. 180 The conductor took his nickel gingerly.
1947 S. Bellow Victim (1966) ix. 93 He began to look through it to find a nickel with which to phone Williston.
1970 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 26 June 27/8 A clay pipe, for instance, cost only about a nickel and dried leaves and corn silk were there for picking.
1997 C. Shields Larry's Party (1998) vii. 126 When he was alive he was such a cheapskate. He would squeeze a nickel till the beaver shat.
b. U.S. slang. A five-year prison sentence.
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society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > [noun] > sentence or term of > specific term of (year(s))
year1874
rest1882
two-spot1885
trey1887
swy1924
sawbuck1925
handful1930
taxi1930
nickel1953
dime1967
1953 W. S. Burroughs Junkie iv. 42 Fritz was glad to attract so much attention and talked complacently about his ‘nickel’ in Lexington.
1967 M. Braly On the Yard v. 80 It's only a nickel..you can..see the end of it.
1978 W. Brown Tragic Magic 101 They gave me a nickel. I've already done two years.
1994 Mystery Sci. Theater (Comedy Central TV) in Hist. Dict. Amer. Slang (1997) II. 654/2 ‘What's he doing in Attica?’ ‘A nickel.’
c. U.S. slang. Five dollars' worth of a drug (originally marijuana).Recorded earliest in nickel bag n. at Compounds 2a.
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1963 Amer. Sociol. Rev. 28 426/2 These criminal activities are directed toward the acquisition of larger sums of money when related to drug use. Even a ‘nickel bag’ of marihuana costs $5.
1970 Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) 4 iii.–iv. 21 Nickel.., one-eighth to one-fourth of an ounce of marijuana costing about five dollars.
1989 Time 6 Nov. 98/2 Five-dollar ‘nickels’ give way to $40 ‘doves.’ Soon crack addicts are spending $200 and more every night.
1994 New Yorker 31 Jan. 63 I wanted to do a nickel of coke.
d. American Football. = nickel defence n. at Compounds 2b.
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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] > actions or manoeuvres
rush1857
punt-out1861
goal-kicking1871
safety1879
safety touchdown1879
scrimmage1880
rushing1882
safety touch1884
touchback1884
forward pass1890
run1890
blocking1891
signal1891
fake1893
onside kick1895
tandem-play1895
pass play1896
spiral1896
shift1901
end run1902
straight-arm1903
quarterback sneak1904
runback1905
roughing1906
Minnesota shift1910
quarterbacking1910
snap-back1910
pickoff1912
punt return1914
screen forward pass1915
screen pass1920
power play1921
sneak1921
passback1922
snap1922
defence1923
reverse1924
carry1927
lateral1927
stiff-arm1927
zone1927
zone defence1927
submarine charge1928
squib1929
block1931
pass rushing1933
safetying1933
trap play1933
end-around1934
straight-arming1934
trap1935
mousetrap1936
buttonhook1938
blitzing1940
hand-off1940
pitchout1946
slant1947
strike1947
draw play1948
shovel pass1948
bootleg1949
option1950
red dog1950
red-dogging1951
rollout1951
submarine1952
sleeper pass1954
draw1956
bomb1960
swing pass1960
pass rush1962
blitz1963
spearing1964
onsides kick1965
takeaway1967
quarterback sack1968
smash-mouth1968
veer1968
turn-over1969
bump-and-run1970
scramble1971
sack1972
nose tackle1975
nickel1979
pressure1981
1979 Sports Illustr. 3 Sept. 54/2 So named because of the presence of a fifth defensive back who is free to rove into the area where he's most needed, the Nickel provides maximum pass coverage in obvious passing situations.
B. adj.
1. Made from or containing nickel.
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1822 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 112 261 The order in which the different alloys [of steel] stand..is as follows:..silver alloy, gold alloy, nickel alloy, [etc.].
1889 Bookseller Feb. 146/2 A nickel coin..[is] not so easily defaceable as ordinary bullion.
1903 Nature 29 Jan. 301/2 The so-formed negative is sprung from the wax, cleaned and polished, and flashed over with a very thin layer of nickel in a nickel bath.
1918 W. Cather My Ántonia i. ii. 10 The stove was very large, with bright nickel trimmings.
1994 Harper's Mag. Mar. 68/3 Amelia Earhart's favorite car..was a 1922 Kissel Kar with big nickel headlamps and a long yellow body.
2. North American. Costing or worth a nickel.
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1874 Thistleton's Illustr. Jolly Giant III. 18 July 29/3 Until we heard that Harry had to borrow $500 from Father Gallagher to purchase a share in the ‘Post’ when it was a nickel rag.
1894 R. Kipling Let. 28 July in C. E. Carrington Rudyard Kipling (1955) ix. 217 There's a smell of horse-piss, Italian fruit-vendor, nickel cigars.
?1910 S. P. Wilson Chicago & its Cess-pools of Infamy (ed. 11) 56 We would go around to the penny arcade and nickle theatres.
1930 B. A. Botkin Folk-say Regional Mississippi 429 When a small boy he had read a number of nickel novels of the type of Bloody-Hand the Avenger.
1954 L. Armstrong Satchmo vi. 108 Mama Lucy and I would go to some nickel show and have a grand time.
1999 Independent 1 Mar. ii. 5/3 The nickel Hershey bar became synonymous with chocolate, especially after being supplied to GIs during the war.
Compounds
C1. In senses relating to the metal (senses A. 1 and B. 1).
a.
(a) † nickel electrotype n. Obsolete
nickel anode n.
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1875 R. Hunt & F. W. Rudler Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) II. 221 The nickel anodes are connected to the..carbon plates of the battery.
1996 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 354 1635 The metallic nickel anode is morphologically stabilized by being a component of a cermet.
nickel cathode n.
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1928 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 119 683 Fig. 3..was obtained with a nickel cathode in a normal solution of nickel sulphate.
1988 Limnol. & Oceanogr. 33 159/1 For the tritium enrichment process, 275 ml of double-distilled lake water was added to electrolytic cells consisting of a steel anode and nickel cathode.
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1873 E. Spon Workshop Receipts 1st Ser. 220/1 Nickel electrotypes stand the wear and tear..better than the ordinary copper ones.
1881 Science 10 Sept. 604/2 The Revue Industrielle says that the difficulties have now been successfully overcome, as the nickel electrotypes shown at the recent Paris Electrical Exhibition prove.
nickel facing n.
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1892 A. Powell Southward's Pract. Printing (ed. 4) lxxii. 696 (heading) Electrotyping..finishing the plate..nickel facing.
1946 W. H. Church in H. Whetton Pract. Printing & Binding xiii. 169/1 No further finishing of the surface of the plate can be undertaken after the nickel facing is applied, without risk of the nickel peeling off when the plate is in use.
nickel metal n.
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the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > nickel > [noun]
nickel1755
nickel metal1851
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > base metal > [noun] > nickel
nickel1755
nickel metal1851
1851 Smee in Ure's Dict. Arts (1875) II. 220 The deposit..forms a great contrast to the common nickel metal.
1879 Manufacturer & Builder Aug. 183/1 The second and better method of obtaining the nickel metal from a proper electroplating solution by means of a current of such intensity as required for this purpose.
1983 New Scientist (BNC) 28 Apr. The methanation reaction..occurs over a nickel metal catalyst.
nickel mineral n.
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the world > the earth > minerals > ore > [noun] > metal ore > nickel ore
nickel mineral1874
1874 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 309 This vein..contains in its ore an arsenical nickel-mineral.
1913 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 104 ii. 516 Maucherite, a new nickel mineral from Thuringia.
1989 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 417/1 The most important nickel mineral is pentlandite, (Ni,Fe)9S8, followed by pyrrhotite.
nickel-worker n.
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society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > nickel-workers
nickel-worker1858
nickel-plater1875
1858 I. S. Homans & I. S. Homans Cycl. Commerce & Commerc. Navigation 1443/2 Mineralogists, chemists, and nickel-workers.
(b)
nickel-bearing adj.
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1877 R. W. Raymond Statistics Mines & Mining 283 Good nickel-bearing pyrites.
1947 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VIII. 477/1 It [sc. garnierite] is seldom homogeneous, and may be accompanied by nickel-bearing nontronite and beidellite.
1994 Oecologia 98 379 Nickel hyperaccumulating plants have > 1000 mg Ni kg−1 dry weight when grown on nickel-bearing soils.
nickel-coated adj.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > plated or coated metal > [adjective] > coated with nickel
nickelized1872
nickelled1872
nickel-plated1873
nickel-coated1884
1884 Manufacturer & Builder Apr. 87/1 Such nickel-coated plates hold their nickel much more firmly than when the metal is deposited by electrolysis.
1938 Proc. Royal Soc. 166 578 The extensometer, a nickel-coated brass instrument designed and made by Mr J. Flige, is sketched in fig. 1.
1998 Canad. Geogr. Catal. Spring–Summer 20/2 Stained Glass Suncatcher... Brilliant colours plus non-tarnish nickel-coated finish.
nickel faced adj.
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1869 Sci. Amer. 21 237/3 Nickel-faced type—Luther L. Smith, Brooklyn, N. Y.
1926 Science 2 Apr. p. xiv/2 The life of the plates is increased to over twice that of case hardened steel plates, and several times that of the nickel faced electrolytic plates.
1964Nickel-faced [see nickel-face vb. at Compounds 1a(c)]. 1999 Chicago Tribune (Nexis) 12 Mar. 58 The nickel faced bronze rising from the creature's back is the stem of a round cigarette table.
(c)
nickel-coat v. transitive.
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a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 634/2 The articles to be nickel-coated..are to be suspended in the solution from 30 to 60 minutes.
1994 Amer. Metal Market (Nexis) 13 Dec. 16 The company..has opened a plant to nickel-coat carbon fiber in Wales.
nickel-face v. transitive.
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1894 Amer. Dict. Printing & Bookmaking 402/1 Electro-types are often nickel-faced when they are to be used with colored inks, as copper injures the color.
1964 E. A. D. Hutchings Printing by Letterpress I. xii. 207 The usual copper shell can be nickel-faced after the plate has been finished.
b. Forming names of chemical compounds, minerals, etc., containing nickel.
(a) † nickel regulus n. Obsolete
nickel chloride n.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > haloids > chlorides or chlorates > other specific named
sal ammoniacc1325
salt of steel1704
horn-lead1783
nitromuriate1796
oxymuriate1797
hyperoxymuriate1806
argentane1812
magnesane1812
tellurane1812
oxychlorate1818
hypochlorite1849
tin-salt1849
perchlorate1853
carbon tetrachloride1866
nickel chloride1868
opal blue1880
1846 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 136 44 Solutions of the sulphate of nickel, the chloride of nickel, and the chloride of cobalt, were also magnetic.]
1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 464 Nickel Chloride..is easily prepared by dissolving oxide or carbonate of nickel in hydrochloric acid.
1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements 1449 Nickel chloride, unlike cobaltous chloride, is much less soluble in water in presence of hydrochloric acid.
1989 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 419/1 Nickel chloride hexahydrate, NiCl2·6H2O, is often used in conjunction with the sulfate in plating baths.
nickel hydroxide n.
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1917 Ann. Missouri Bot. Garden 4 215 It was also found that the ‘virus’ could be thrown out of suspension with precipitates of aluminium hydroxide and nickel hydroxide.
1981 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 302 355 The sintered electrode consists of a matrix of metallic nickel, formed by sintering nickel powder into a coherent plaque and then electrochemically impregnating with nickel hydroxide.
nickel nitrate n.
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1818 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 108 427 The nitrate of nickel imparts to the purpurate of ammonia a greenish tinge.]
1895 Proc. Royal Soc. 1894–5 57 383 Those [sc. larvae] grown in the green light of nickel nitrate solution are 4.8 per cent smaller.
1947 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) VIII. 474/2 Anhydrous nickel nitrate is a greenish-yellow powder.
1997 Analyt. Sci. 13 838/2 Nickel nitrate was used as a matrix modifier.
nickel ore n.
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1836 T. Thomson Outl. Mineral. I. 523 The species of nickel ores hitherto observed, amount only to eight.
1899 Daily News 13 June 4/4 They ask that Canada shall not impose a duty on nickel ore or nickel matte.
1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) at New Caledonia The weathering of serpentine rock provides the territory [sc. New Caledonia] with 20 percent of the world's known reserves of nickel ore.
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1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 133/1 There is no copper, but a nickel regulus is produced.
nickel salt n.
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1850 G. Fownes Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 3) 295 The artificial, or perhaps rather merely fused, product, called speiss,..may be employed as a source of the nickel-salts.
1883 Science 2 Mar. 103/2 The experiment had been tried of feeding a dog on nickel-salts, on which the animal seemed to thrive.
1999 Britannica Online (Version 99.1) at Cobalt Processing The electrolyte contains both cobalt and nickel salts.
nickel sulphate n.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > sulphates or sulphites > other sulphates
aluma1398
aphronitrea1398
white vitriol1676
oxysulphate1802
hyposulphate1819
sulphur salt1836
potash alum1837
hepar1866
kainite1868
kalinite1868
nickel sulphate1868
trisulphate1880
trisulphonate1892
thalline sulphate1899
1846 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 136 44 Solutions of the sulphate of nickel, the chloride of nickel, and the choride of cobalt, were also magnetic.]
1868 H. B. Jones & H. Watts Fownes's Man. Elem. Chem. (ed. 10) 465 Nickel Sulphate..is the most important of the nickel-salts.
1950 N. V. Sidgwick Chem. Elements II. 1436 The solubilities of anhydrous nickel sulphate in methyl and ethyl alcohols..are 0.061 and 0.017 per cent. respectively at 15°.
1989 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 419/1 The compound nickel sulfate hexahydrate, NiSO4·6H2O, is employed in the electrolytic refining of nickel as well as in most nickel electroplating baths.
(b) † nickel pyrites n. Mineralogy Obsolete (a) = niccolite n.; (b) = millerite n.2
nickel-antigorite n. [after German Nickelantigorit (H. Strunz Mineral. Tabellen (ed. 3, 1957) 323)] Mineralogy a nickelian variety of antigorite, (Mg,Ni)3Si2O5(OH)4.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > phyllosilicate > [noun] > serpentine > others
schiller spar1794
marmolite1822
retinalite1835
williamsite1848
bastite1850
jenkinsite1852
antigorite1863
thermophyllite1868
lizardite1956
nickel-antigorite1961
schweizerite-
1961 Mineral. Mag. 32 972 Nickel-antigorite... An unnecessary name for nickelian antigorite.
1968 Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. B. 67 178 The ‘d’ spacings of this mineral can also stand a fair comparison with nickel-antigorite. Therefore, this sample could be either nepouite or nickel antigorite.
nickel bloom n. [after German Nickelbluthe (J. F. L. Hausmann Handb. der Mineralogie (1813) III. 1129)] Mineralogy = annabergite n.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > arsenates > [noun] > cobalt-nickel arsenate
nicol1753
nickel ochre1796
nickel green1837
nickel bloom1861
forbesite1868
1861 H. W. Bristow Gloss. Mineral. 258 Nickel-bloom.
1959 C. S. Hurlbut Dana's Man. Mineral. (ed. 17) 383 Annabergite, or nickel bloom, is light green in color.
1974 W. R. Hamilton et al. Minerals, Rocks & Fossils 26 Nickeline... Alters to pale green annabergite (nickel bloom).
nickel-brass n. and adj. (a) n. brass containing a small amount of nickel; (b) adj. made from or containing nickel-brass.
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1935 Sci. Monthly Aug. 124/2 A process for the deposition of nickel brasses.
1946 V. N. Wood Metall. Materials x. 264 The name usually applied to the alloys is ‘nickel-silver’ although ‘nickel-brass’ is a more correct term.
1984 Coin Monthly Jan. 89/2 The twelve-sided nickel-brass three-penny piece, introduced in 1937.
1997 J. Williams Money ix. 243/2 The British £1 coin, introduced in 1983.., is made of nickel-brass of a distinctly golden hue.
nickel bronze n. and adj. (a) n. bronze containing a small amount of nickel; (b) adj. made from or containing nickel bronze.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other nickel alloys
speiss1796
nickel bronze1880
nickel steela1884
platinoid1885
cupro-nickel1905
Nichrome1908
Monel1909
Chromel1914
Alumel1918
Inconel1933
Nimonic1941
nitinol1968
1880 Manufacturer & Builder Sept. 197/3 As a rule, the pure nickel is mixed by the founder with various proportions of copper, zinc and tin, according to circumstances, to form nickel bronze.
1944 Econ. Jrnl. 54 3 In the Gold Coast there was a recently introduced local nickel bronze currency of pennies, half-pennies and tenth-pennies.
1984 Coin Monthly Jan. 39/1 Some of the 1938-dated 5 and 10 centimes were struck in both metals with the nickel-bronze having two prominent dots on the reverse.
nickel–cadmium adj. designating or relating to a battery or cell with a nickel anode, a cadmium cathode, and an electrolyte of potassium hydroxide (see Nicad n.).
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1931 Mining Electr. Engineer Apr. 337/2 A large number of the first nickel cadmium batteries to be manufactured in this country and which are installed in mines, are still giving satisfactory service.
1974 M. Clifford Encycl. Home Wiring & Electr. iii. 48 Nickel-cadmium cells are storage types.
1989 Computer Buyer's Guide & Handbk. vi. 58/1 When you think ‘rechargeable battery’, you undoubtedly think nickel-cadmium—or NiCad for short.
nickel carbonyl n. a toxic colourless liquid, Ni(CO4), used as a carbonylation agent.
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1891 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 59 607 These figures..make it very probable that the volatile iron compound is iron-tetra-carbonyl, Fe(CO)4, analogous to nickel-tetra-carbonyl, Ni(CO)4.]
1892 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 62 279 Nickel carbonyl can be kept under water in a flask without undergoing any alteration.
1994 D. F. Schrivner et al. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 2) xvi. 673 Iron and nickel carbonyls are liquids at room temperature and pressure, but all other common carbonyls are solids.
nickel-chlorite n. [after German Nickelchlorit (H. Strunz Mineral. Tabellen (ed. 3, 1957) 317)] Mineralogy a basic silicate and aluminate of magnesium, iron, nickel, and aluminium, (Mg,Fe,Ni,Al)6(Si,Al)4O10(OH)8, which has been synthesized but whose natural occurrence is uncertain.
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the world > matter > chemistry > chemical substances > salts > [noun] > salts named by atomic number > silicates > specific named
borosilicate1817
trisilicate1850
singulo-silicate1883
thorosilicate1889
nickel-chlorite1961
1961 Mineral. Mag. 32 972 Nickelchlorite... Some of the natural nickel silicates may be members of the chlorite group.
1969 Clays & Clay Minerals 17 233 Nickel-chlorite has been obtained by the co-precipitation of nickelous hydrous oxide and montmorillonite at an OH/Ni ratio of 2·0.
nickel glance n. [after German Nickelglanz (C. H. Pfaff 1818, in Jrnl. f. Chemie u. Physik 22 270)] Mineralogy (now historical) = gersdorffite n.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > cobaltite group > nickel sulpharsenide
nickel glance1836
amoibite1837
gersdorffite1849
tombazite1850
1836 T. Thomson Outl. Mineral. I. 529 Sulpho-Arsenide of Nickel. Nickel glance.
1880 Manufacturer & Builder Oct. 230/3 A year or more ago Tellef Dahll announced that he had discovered a new metal in the nickel glance of the Island of Oterō.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 494/1 Nickel-glance, syn. of gersdorffite.
nickel green n. [after German Nikelgrün (A. Breithaupt Vollständige Charakteristik des Mineral-Systems (ed. 2, 1823) 165)] Mineralogy (now historical) = annabergite n.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > arsenates > [noun] > cobalt-nickel arsenate
nicol1753
nickel ochre1796
nickel green1837
nickel bloom1861
forbesite1868
1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. 245 Nickel Green. Niccolus prasinus. Color a fine apple-green.
1850 D. T. Ansted Elem. Course Geol. §468 Nickel green, Tombazite, Arsenate of nickel, with 36 per cent. of the oxide.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 494/1 Nickel-green, syn. of annabergite.
nickel-gymnite n. Mineralogy (now historical) = genthite n.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > miscellaneous silicates > [noun] > other silicates of two elements
bustamite1830
nickel-gymnite1853
uranophane1861
genthite1867
howlite1868
uranotile1871
peckhamite1880
kentrolite1882
melanotekite1882
åkermanite1890
molybdophyllite1901
ramsayite1924
truscottite1925
reedmergnerite1954
1853 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 66 170 I described the mineral in 1851, under the name Nickelgymnite.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 256/1 Genthite,..J.D. Dana (1867)..naming the nickel-gymnite of F.A. Genth (1851).
nickel hydride n. and adj. (a) n. an association of nickel and hydrogen (usually represented by the formula NiH2), formed electrolytically or when hydrogen gas comes into contact with a nickel surface; (also) any of various compounds containing nickel and hydrogen; (b) adj. designating or relating to a cell or battery having an anode of nickel hydroxide and a cathode of an intermetallic compound.
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1924 Chem. Abstr. 18 207 (title) Nickel hydride, NiH2, and the mechanism of hydrogenation with nickel catalyzers.
1967 Jrnl. Physics & Chem. Solids 28 225/1 A nickel hydride phase of composition NiH0.7 can be prepared by an electrolytic process.
1970 P. W. Jolly & G. Wilde Org. Chem. Nickel I. iv. 139 Until 1970, the nickel hydrides were confined to the little explored nickel carbonyl hydrides.
1986 Philps Techn. Rev. 43 32/2 The nickel-hydride cell, which..consumes no electrolyte, seems to offer much better prospects [than the nickel-cadmium cell].
1995 Economist 2 May 100/2 Charged for an hour, a nickel-hydride battery will run a video camcorder for 90 minutes.
nickel metal hydride adj. and n. (a) adj. = nickel hydride n. and adj.; (b) n. a nickel hydride battery; abbreviated NiMH (see NiMH n. at N n. Initialisms 1).
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1987 Jrnl. Electrochem. Soc. 134 559/1 We have prepared metal hydride electrode [sic] (anode) using the microencapsulated alloy with copper and have constructed sealed nickel/metal hydride batteries.
1994 Independent on Sunday 30 Jan. (Business section) 5/6 Until the development of the lithium manganese battery, the leading contender to replace nickel cadmium has been nickel metal hydride.
2001 Scunthorpe Evening Tel. (Electronic ed.) 17 May Sakura has introduced a new range of nickel metal hydride batteries which are a straight replacement for normal disposable batteries.
nickel ochre n. Mineralogy (now historical) = annabergite n.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > arsenates > [noun] > cobalt-nickel arsenate
nicol1753
nickel ochre1796
nickel green1837
nickel bloom1861
forbesite1868
1796 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) II. 283 Nickel Ochre and Vitriol of Nickel.
1861 H. W. Bristow Gloss. Mineral. 258 Nickel Ochre..occurs massive, earthy and friable.
1993 A. M. Clark Hey's Mineral Index (ed. 3) 495/1 Nickel ochre, syn. of annabergite.
nickel oxide n. any oxide of nickel, esp. the monoxide, NiO, a green solid used as a catalyst and as a colouring agent for ceramics, etc.
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1894 G. S. Newth Text-bk Inorg. Chem. ii. ix. 263 When carbon monoxide is allowed to stream slowly over metallic nickel (obtained by the reduction of nickel oxide in a stream of hydrogen), the gas is absorbed by the finely-divided metal.
1947 Thorpe's Dict. Appl. Chem. (ed. 4) III. 473/1 Nickel oxides. The monoxide (NiO), found native as bunsenite, is the chief oxide of nickel.
1988 F. A. Cotton & G. Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 5) xviii. 743 Nickel (II) oxide, a green solid with the rock salt structure, is formed when the hydroxide, carbonate, oxalate, or nitrate of nickel(II) is heated.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > niccolite group > nickel sulphide
nickel pyrites1837
millerite1854
polydymite1878
vaesite1945
1837 J. D. Dana Syst. Mineral. 399 Copper nickel. Prismatic Nickel Pyrites.
1855 D. T. Ansted et al. in Orr's Circle Sci.: Inorg. Nature 497 Millerite. Sulphuret of Nickel. Nickel Pyrites.
1878 Chambers's Encycl. VIII. 33/1 Pyrites... Nickel P[yrites], also called Copper-Nickel and Nickeline, used as an ore of nickel, is a compound of nickel and arsenic.
nickel silver n. and adj. (a) n. an alloy of copper, zinc, and nickel, resembling silver and used in tableware, etc. (also called German silver); (b) adj. made from or containing this alloy.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > copper, zinc, and nickel or imitation silver
occamy1596
tutenag1622
paitung1736
paktong1776
German silver1828
electrum1829
albata1833
argentan1847
maillechort1851
nickel silver1860
nickeline1882
melchior1892
1860 C. Knight Eng. Cycl.: Arts & Sci. V. 934 Nickel..is extensively used in the manufacture of the so-called nickel-silver.
1902 R. Kipling Traffics & Discov. 222 The nickel-silver counter-rails [in a pharmacy].
1935 Chem. Abstr. 29 7257 (title) Corrosion resistance of nickel, of copper-nickel alloys, of nickel silver and of Inconel.
1991 Garden (Royal Hort. Soc.) Apr. p. x (advt.) Pruning knife..hand made from Sheffield... Solid nickel silver bolsters.
nickel-skutterudite n. Mineralogy a cubic arsenide of nickel, NiAs2–3, usually containing some cobalt and iron and occurring as white or grey crystals (formerly regarded as identical with chloanthite).
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphides and related minerals > [noun] > skutterudite group > specific minerals
smaltine1835
white nickel1837
chloanthite1850
skutterudite1850
smaltite1852
speiss-cobalt1872
nickel-skutterudite1892
1892 E. Waller & A. J. Moses in School of Mines Q. 14 51 This would be a mineral of the type of skutterudite CoAs3... If further analysis confirms these results, the name Nickel-Skutterudite is suggested.
1935 Amer. Mineralogist 20 723 Microscopic study of material from the Bullard's Peak district, New Mexico, shows native silver associated with nickel-skutterudite.
1989 Encycl. Brit. X. 869/1 The members of the series, which all form crystals of isometric symmetry, are skutterudite, nickel-skutterudite, smalltite, and chloanthite.
nickel spinel n. [ < German Nickelspinell (H. Strunz Mineral. Tabellen (ed. 3, 1957) 137)] Mineralogy an artificially produced oxide of nickel and aluminium, NiAl2O4.
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the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > oxides and hydroxides > [noun] > spinel group AB2 O4 > others
picotite1814
franklinite1820
hausmannite1831
hercynite1849
jacobsite1869
hetaerolite1877
trippkeite1881
sapphirine1883
water-spinel1883
manganomagnetite1890
chrome-spinel1892
magnesiochromite1892
magnochromite1892
picrochromite1920
trevorite1921
ulvöspinel1947
taaffeite1951
nickel spinel1961
the world > matter > chemistry > elements and compounds > metals > specific elements > oxygen > [noun] > compounds > oxides
alkaline earth1716
oxide1788
earth1863–79
nickel spinel1961
1961 Mineral. Mag. 33 973 Nickelspinel.
1971 Jrnl. Physics of Earth 19 83/1 At 900° C and 35 kb, the nickel olivine was transformed to nickel spinel within 10 minutes from the beginning of the experiment.
nickel steel n. and adj. (a) n. an alloy of iron containing a small amount of nickel; (b) adj. made from or containing such an alloy.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > alloy > [noun] > other nickel alloys
speiss1796
nickel bronze1880
nickel steela1884
platinoid1885
cupro-nickel1905
Nichrome1908
Monel1909
Chromel1914
Alumel1918
Inconel1933
Nimonic1941
nitinol1968
a1884 E. H. Knight Pract. Dict. Mech. Suppl. 634/2 Nickel Steel.
1895 Daily News 14 Nov. 6/5 The nickel-steel gun forgings made..in Pennsylvania.
1938 R. Hum Chem. for Engin. Students xxviii. 794 Nickel steels, containing about 3½ per cent. Ni, have very high tensile strength.
1984 N. N. Greenwood & A. Earnshaw Chem. of Elements (1986) xxvii. 1330 This was noticed by the US Navy, who initiated the use of nickel steels in armour plating.
C2. In senses relating to the coin (sense A. 2a.) or (by extension) the number five.
a.
nickel bag n. U.S. slang a bag containing, or a measure of, five dollars' worth of a drug.
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1963Nickel bag [see sense A. 2c].
1967 Boston Sunday Herald 26 Mar. 1/2 Nickel bags of marijuana (in hippie lingo a ‘nickel’ is $5 worth).
1971 Black World Apr. 38/2 Black men and women and their children exchange expensive gifts of death—in small nickel bags.
1993 R. Shell iCED 14 I walked into Washington Square Park, bought a nickel bag, rolled me a fat joint, smoked in the darkness.
nickel-in-the-slot adj. U.S. (of a machine, etc.) operated by the insertion of a nickel.
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1889 Tacoma (Washington) Daily News 13 Dec. 3/5 The latest nickel-in-the-slot scheme is really a stroke of genius and is destined to revolutionize cheap literature in this country.
1939 Florida: Guide to Southernmost State (Federal Writers' Project) ii. 273 A nickel-in-the-slot phonograph.
1993 Rev. in Amer. Hist. 21 457 The urban institution known as the ‘nickel-in-the-slot’ phone receives only a passing glance..but their special relationships with pharmacies and other neighborhood stores..gave the pay phone a transcending importance.
nickel note n. U.S. slang a five-dollar bill.
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1915 Boston Daily Globe 19 Dec. 37/2 You can lose a ‘nickel note’ of five dollars, a dime note of ten, a ‘C’ a hundred, or a ‘grand’, a thousand dollars.
1970 C. Major Dict. Afro-Amer. Slang 85 Nickel note, five-dollar bill.
nickel-nurser n. U.S. slang mean person; a miser.
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1916 N.Y. Evening Jrnl. 20 Nov. 12 Nickel nursers with handcuffs, fish hooks and boxing gloves waiting for someone to buy.
1924 Cosmopolitan Dec. 70/2 ‘A proper nickel-nurser, what I mean!’ is Jerry Murphy's verdict. ‘He is too stingy to harbor a doubt!’
1975 J. Colombo Colombo's Little Bk. 87 Once upon a time a nickle-nurser sent his kid to borrow the neighbour's paper.
b. American Football.
nickel back n. the fifth defensive back in a nickel defence.
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1990 J. Izenberg No Medals for Trying i. 6 He..had played as the nickel back in Miami's special pass defense.
1998 Indianapolis Star 19 Oct. c6/2 While strong safety Robert Blackmon was cradling Young's pass in the end zone, nickel back Monty Montgomery was complaining about being called for holding against Owens.
nickel defence n. a defensive formation employing five players in the backfield.
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1972 Washington Post 2 Oct. d1/1 The five-back maneuver, known as the ‘nickel’ defense..did not pay any dividends today.
1993 N.Y. Times 28 Nov. viii. 2/4 Most teams use that sort of defensive alignment, the ‘nickel’ defense, strictly in passing situations. The Cardinals use it just about all the time.
nickel situation n. a defence formation in which a defensive back replaces the linebacker, in order to increase pass-coverage on the field.
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1979 Washington Post (Nexis) 8 Oct. d1 We couldn't get 'em into a nickel situation. We couldn't stop 'em on first down.
1991 Sports Illustr. 14 Jan. 18/1 Collins..was on the field most of the day, in both base and nickel situations, stopping the run, knocking the ball loose in zone coverage.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
nickelv.
/ˈnɪkl/, U.S. /ˈnɪk(ə)l/ rare.
1. transitive. To plate with nickel or with a nickel alloy.
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society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > coat or cover with metal > with specific metal
tin1398
leadc1440
ironc1450
lay1472
copper1530
braze1552
silverize1605
foliate1665
plate1686
whiten1687
foil1714
blanch1729
quicken1738
amalgam1789
quick1790
aluminize1791
plate1791
zincify1801
platinize1825
resilver1832
galvanize1839
electroplate1843
zinc1843
electro-silver1851
platinate1858
electrotin1859
white-lead1863
palladiumize1864
white-metal1864
brassc1865
nickelize1865
nickel-plate1872
nickel1875
stopper1884
electro1891
sherardize1904
steel1911
stellite1934
flame-plate1954
steel-face1961
1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. II. 1526/1 It being far easier to gild, plate, or copper an article than to nickel it.
2003 www.solavanti.com 17 Feb. (O.E.D. Archive) All metal parts, which have been nickeled or silver plated, have been extracted from a solid brass core before plating to assure durability and prevent denting from heavy use.
2. transitive. To foul (the bore of a gun) with nickel from a bullet-casing. Also intransitive: (of a gun barrel) to become fouled.
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1918 [implied in: E. S. Farrow Dict. Mil. Terms 407 Nickeling, in gunnery, metallic fouling caused by a portion of the cupro-nickel of the envelope of the bullet being left on the surface of the bore. (at nickelling n. 2)].
1920 G. Burrard Notes on Sporting Rifles 31 When a barrel has once been nickelled it is always liable to nickel again very quickly.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
<
n.adj.1755
v.1875- have at stake
- have at you, harpers
- have away
- have axes to grind
- have bad mind for
- have bats in the belfry
- have beat
- have been a begging
- have been and gone
- have been around
- have been around the block
- have been at the
- have been in the sun
- have been in the sunshine
- have been in the wars
- have been round
- have been there
- have been there before
- have been there, done that
- have been through the mill
- have been with
- have beforehand
- have blood on one's hands
- have both oars in the water
- have both one's meat and mense