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单词 nephrite
释义

nephriten.adj.

Brit. /ˈnɛfrʌɪt/, U.S. /ˈnɛˌfraɪt/
Forms: 1700s nephrit, 1800s– nephrite.
Origin: A borrowing from Greek, combined with an English element; modelled on a German lexical item. Etymons: Greek νεϕρός , -ite suffix1.
Etymology: < ancient Greek νεϕρός kidney (see nephro- comb. form), in allusion to its supposed efficacy in kidney disease (see jade n.2) + -ite suffix1, after German Nephrit (A. G. Werner Cronstedt's Versuch einer Mineralogie (1780)). Compare French néphrite (1798). Compare nephritic stone n. at nephritic n. and adj.1 Compounds.
Mineralogy.
A. n.
The commoner of the two forms of jade, a monoclinic silicate of calcium, magnesium, and ferrous iron which is a variety of actinolite and usually occurs as compact green fibrous aggregates with an oily lustre. Cf. jadeite n.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > gem or precious stone > jade > [noun]
nephritic stone1653
greenstone1658
jade1728
pounamua1771
jade-stone1775
nephrite1794
jadeite1868
ox-stone1877
kawa-kawa1880
mutton fat1912
spinach jade1958
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [noun] > nephrite
nephritic stone1653
greenstone1658
jade1728
jade-stone1775
nephrite1794
kawa-kawa1880
spinach jade1958
1794 R. Kirwan Elements Mineral. (ed. 2) I. 171 Jade. Nephrit of Werner.
1816 P. Cleaveland Elem. Treat. Mineral. & Geol. 272 Nephrite does not receive a brilliant polish.
1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times v. 132 Flint was sometimes used, and nephrite, or jade, in a few cases.
1879 F. Rutley Study of Rocks x. 131 Nephrite or jade is in part a tough compact fine-grained tremolite.
1909 Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. 65 378 The uralitized pyroxenes..have not been transformed into true nephrite.
1937 Burlington Mag. June 300/2 A fine example of the bold relief of the K'ang-hsi period is a bowl of spinach-green nephrite.
1996 N. Te Awekotuku in D. C. Starzecka Maori Art & Culture ii. 45 Nephrite was thus the medium for decorative, talismanic and functional devices.
B. adj.
Made from nephrite.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > silicates > amphibole (double chain) > [adjective] > nephrite
nephritic1803
nephrite1851
1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1424/2 Nephrite or jade-stone cup.
1893 Jrnl. Anthropol. Inst. 22 398 (heading) Nephrite hatchet from British New Guinea.
1949 P. Buck Coming of Maori ii. vi. 188 The ceremonial adze termed toki pou tangate was formed of a nephrite adze lashed to a carved haft.
1978 Christie's Internat. (Geneva) Sale Catal.: Fine Objects of Vertu 25 Apr. 78 A German rectangular paste-set gold-mounted nephrite presentation snuff-box.
1991 Antiquity 65 927/2 During the Middle phase, labrets, ground slate, nephrite adze blades, pecked and ground stone, socketed points, red-ochre pigment balls and shaman mirrors all appeared.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1794
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