nicotinen.

Brit.

/ˈnɪkətiːn/, U.S.

/ˈnɪkəˌtin/

Forms: 1800s– nicotin, 1800s– nicotine.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nicotian n.¹, nicotiana n., -in suffix¹.

Etymology: < nicot- (in nicotian n.¹, nicotiana n.) + -in suffix¹. With the form nicotine compare French nicotine (1818 in a translation of Thomson: see quot. 1817 at main sense); compare -ine suffix⁵.

A toxic, colourless or yellowish, oily liquid alkaloid which is the chief active constituent of tobacco, acting as a stimulant in small doses, but in larger amounts blocking the actions of autonomic nerve and skeletal muscle cells; 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, C₁₀H₁₄N₂.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisons from plants

aconitum?a1450

aconite1569

cocculus indicus1591

female-bane1601

timbo1725

Suriname poison1756

ipoh1779

upas1783

tanghin1788

picrotoxin1815

nicotine1817

strychnine1819

vauqueline1819

brucia1820

brucine1820

picrotoxia1823

strychnia1823

digitalin1824

dulcamara1828

conine1829

bikh1830

nicotia1830

atropine1836

menispermia1837

nicotina1838

solanine1838

strychnina1838

tanghicin1838

urari1838

conia1842

conicine1842

amanitine1847

oenanthin1848

menispermine1849

tetanine1857

hyoscyamine1858

barbasco1860

nicotylia1862

antiarin1863

xylostein1864

oleandrin1866

zebra poison1871

andromedotoxin1883

abrin1884

ouabain1888

strophanthus1888

toxiresin1890

manchineel1891

tuba1898

taxine1907

phytotoxin1909

oenanthotoxin1911

hypoglycin1954

the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > poisons > [noun] > others

oxalic acid1788

nicotine1817

alkarsin1838

tetanine1857

muscarine1869

cinnoline1883

saprine1887

isocyanic acid1891

mescaline1896

toxicodendrol1898

tube curare1898

tulipine1900

fluoroacetamide1909

thalassin1909

yperite1917

protoanemonin1920

Lewisite1921

organochloride1966

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > oil from tobacco > poisonous

nicotine1817

nicotina1838

nicotylia1862

nicotia1876

1817 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 5) IV. 59 Of nicotin. This substance exists in the leaves of the nicotiana latifolia, or tobacco, and gives that plant its peculiar properties.

1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 886 Nicotine is a peculiar principle, obtainable from the leaves and seeds of tobacco.

1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 160 The volatile alkali, nicotine, the element of the snuffs.

1880 J. W. Legg On Bile 176 Three drops of nicotin in 50 grammes of water..cause an immediate but short increase of the bile.

1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xlvii. 231 She had long, beautiful hands, with fingers deeply stained by nicotine.

1940 H. A. McGuigan Appl. Pharmacol. 589 When nicotine is injected intravenously, an enormous rise in blood pressure occurs.

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IX. 100/2 Poisoning has occurred from accidental ingestion of insecticide sprays containing nicotine.

2000 Big Issue 12 June (Teenage ed.) 7/1 The spliffheads look down on the smokers because they're just smoking nicotine.

Compounds

C1.

nicotine intoxication n.

ΚΠ

1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 888 The pallor..observed in nicotine intoxication.

1991 Jrnl. Ethnopharmacol. 32 179 Ritual tobacco use aims to achieve acute nicotine intoxication.

† nicotine perfume n. Obsolete

ΚΠ

1865 Times 15 Aug. One safe haven where no nicotine perfume intrudes.

nicotine poisoning n.

ΚΠ

1872 Harper's Mag. Jan. 310/1 In tobacco used for chewing and snuff only minute traces of that alkaloid [sc. nicotine] could be detected; so that nicotine poisoning from chewing or snuffing would appear to be very problematical.

1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics xv. 282 In the treatment of nicotine poisoning, artificial respiration should be instituted.

1997 Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Rep. 14 Feb. 125 Most cases of nicotine poisoning among children result from their ingestion of cigarettes or cigars.

nicotine-brown adj.

ΚΠ

1945 D. Thomas Let. 30 July in Sel. Lett. (1966) 278 I can hear..my uncle Bob drinking tea and methylated spirits through eighty years of nicotine-brown fern.

1995 Transition No. 65. 86/1 His long ponytail, nicotine-brown fingers, and black clothes would fit much better in an underground rock club.

nicotine-free adj.

ΚΠ

1920 Science 2 Jan. 22/1 Storm van Leuven in Holland showed that smoke from the so-called nicotine-free cigars gives a smoke that contains a good deal of nicotine.

1998 Entertainm. Weekly 7 Aug. 45 (advt.) Unlike the patch and gum, Zyban replaces cigarettes with nicotine-free medicine.

nicotine-stained adj.

ΚΠ

1906 Pop. Mag. Oct. 44/1 Garrison carefully tilted his bag of Durham into the curved rice-paper held between nicotin-stained finger and thumb.

1936 C. Day Lewis Friendly Tree 12 A plump man with a nicotine-stained moustache.

1997 Face June 133/1 They sniffed the beer-soaked carpet, scraped a finger across the nicotine-stained windows, and called in the theme-pub designers.

C2.

nicotine patch n. an adhesive medical patch impregnated with nicotine, the gradual absorption of which through the wearer's skin helps to reduce the craving for tobacco; cf. patch n.¹ 1e.

ΚΠ

1985 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 19 Nov. v. 1/1 Smoking cessation tools designed to alleviate nicotine craving include a nicotine patch that would release the drug into the skin.

2000 Big Issue 20 Mar. 36/1 I saw a stall promoting giving up smoking, offering free samples. I thought a few nicotine patches would come in handy for the times when I couldn't smoke for a while.

Derivatives

ˈnicotine-like adj. resembling nicotine; causing similar effects to nicotine.

ΚΠ

1914 Jrnl. Physiol. 48 Suppl. p. xxv The choline esters hitherto examined, while showing the peripheral ‘muscarine’ action in small doses, show in larger doses..a nicotine-like action.

1965 Austral. Encycl. VII. 127 Early workers established the nicotine-like nature of the plant's alkaloid, at first known as piturine.

1999 Sacramento (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 2 May a4 Neuroscientists..released a study showing that nicotine-like drugs improved memory and learning in rats trying to find their way through mazes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nicotine
释义	nicotinen. Brit. /ˈnɪkətiːn/, U.S. /ˈnɪkəˌtin/ Forms: 1800s– nicotin, 1800s– nicotine. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nicotian n.¹, nicotiana n., -in suffix¹. Etymology: < nicot- (in nicotian n.¹, nicotiana n.) + -in suffix¹. With the form nicotine compare French nicotine (1818 in a translation of Thomson: see quot. 1817 at main sense); compare -ine suffix⁵. A toxic, colourless or yellowish, oily liquid alkaloid which is the chief active constituent of tobacco, acting as a stimulant in small doses, but in larger amounts blocking the actions of autonomic nerve and skeletal muscle cells; 3-(1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)pyridine, C₁₀H₁₄N₂. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisons from plants aconitum?a1450 aconite1569 cocculus indicus1591 female-bane1601 timbo1725 Suriname poison1756 ipoh1779 upas1783 tanghin1788 picrotoxin1815 nicotine1817 strychnine1819 vauqueline1819 brucia1820 brucine1820 picrotoxia1823 strychnia1823 digitalin1824 dulcamara1828 conine1829 bikh1830 nicotia1830 atropine1836 menispermia1837 nicotina1838 solanine1838 strychnina1838 tanghicin1838 urari1838 conia1842 conicine1842 amanitine1847 oenanthin1848 menispermine1849 tetanine1857 hyoscyamine1858 barbasco1860 nicotylia1862 antiarin1863 xylostein1864 oleandrin1866 zebra poison1871 andromedotoxin1883 abrin1884 ouabain1888 strophanthus1888 toxiresin1890 manchineel1891 tuba1898 taxine1907 phytotoxin1909 oenanthotoxin1911 hypoglycin1954 the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > poisons > [noun] > others oxalic acid1788 nicotine1817 alkarsin1838 tetanine1857 muscarine1869 cinnoline1883 saprine1887 isocyanic acid1891 mescaline1896 toxicodendrol1898 tube curare1898 tulipine1900 fluoroacetamide1909 thalassin1909 yperite1917 protoanemonin1920 Lewisite1921 organochloride1966 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > extracted or refined oil > [noun] > oil from tobacco > poisonous nicotine1817 nicotina1838 nicotylia1862 nicotia1876 1817 T. Thomson Syst. Chem. (ed. 5) IV. 59 Of nicotin. This substance exists in the leaves of the nicotiana latifolia, or tobacco, and gives that plant its peculiar properties. 1839 A. Ure Dict. Arts 886 Nicotine is a peculiar principle, obtainable from the leaves and seeds of tobacco. 1855 A. Bain Senses & Intellect i. ii. 160 The volatile alkali, nicotine, the element of the snuffs. 1880 J. W. Legg On Bile 176 Three drops of nicotin in 50 grammes of water..cause an immediate but short increase of the bile. 1915 W. S. Maugham Of Human Bondage xlvii. 231 She had long, beautiful hands, with fingers deeply stained by nicotine. 1940 H. A. McGuigan Appl. Pharmacol. 589 When nicotine is injected intravenously, an enormous rise in blood pressure occurs. 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) IX. 100/2 Poisoning has occurred from accidental ingestion of insecticide sprays containing nicotine. 2000 Big Issue 12 June (Teenage ed.) 7/1 The spliffheads look down on the smokers because they're just smoking nicotine. Compounds C1. a. nicotine intoxication n. ΚΠ 1898 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. V. 888 The pallor..observed in nicotine intoxication. 1991 Jrnl. Ethnopharmacol. 32 179 Ritual tobacco use aims to achieve acute nicotine intoxication. † nicotine perfume n. Obsolete ΚΠ 1865 Times 15 Aug. One safe haven where no nicotine perfume intrudes. nicotine poisoning n. ΚΠ 1872 Harper's Mag. Jan. 310/1 In tobacco used for chewing and snuff only minute traces of that alkaloid [sc. nicotine] could be detected; so that nicotine poisoning from chewing or snuffing would appear to be very problematical. 1951 A. Grollman Pharmacol. & Therapeutics xv. 282 In the treatment of nicotine poisoning, artificial respiration should be instituted. 1997 Morbidity & Mortality Weekly Rep. 14 Feb. 125 Most cases of nicotine poisoning among children result from their ingestion of cigarettes or cigars. b. nicotine-brown adj. ΚΠ 1945 D. Thomas Let. 30 July in Sel. Lett. (1966) 278 I can hear..my uncle Bob drinking tea and methylated spirits through eighty years of nicotine-brown fern. 1995 Transition No. 65. 86/1 His long ponytail, nicotine-brown fingers, and black clothes would fit much better in an underground rock club. nicotine-free adj. ΚΠ 1920 Science 2 Jan. 22/1 Storm van Leuven in Holland showed that smoke from the so-called nicotine-free cigars gives a smoke that contains a good deal of nicotine. 1998 Entertainm. Weekly 7 Aug. 45 (advt.) Unlike the patch and gum, Zyban replaces cigarettes with nicotine-free medicine. nicotine-stained adj. ΚΠ 1906 Pop. Mag. Oct. 44/1 Garrison carefully tilted his bag of Durham into the curved rice-paper held between nicotin-stained finger and thumb. 1936 C. Day Lewis Friendly Tree 12 A plump man with a nicotine-stained moustache. 1997 Face June 133/1 They sniffed the beer-soaked carpet, scraped a finger across the nicotine-stained windows, and called in the theme-pub designers. C2. nicotine patch n. an adhesive medical patch impregnated with nicotine, the gradual absorption of which through the wearer's skin helps to reduce the craving for tobacco; cf. patch n.¹ 1e. ΚΠ 1985 Los Angeles Times (Nexis) 19 Nov. v. 1/1 Smoking cessation tools designed to alleviate nicotine craving include a nicotine patch that would release the drug into the skin. 2000 Big Issue 20 Mar. 36/1 I saw a stall promoting giving up smoking, offering free samples. I thought a few nicotine patches would come in handy for the times when I couldn't smoke for a while. Derivatives ˈnicotine-like adj. resembling nicotine; causing similar effects to nicotine. ΚΠ 1914 Jrnl. Physiol. 48 Suppl. p. xxv The choline esters hitherto examined, while showing the peripheral ‘muscarine’ action in small doses, show in larger doses..a nicotine-like action. 1965 Austral. Encycl. VII. 127 Early workers established the nicotine-like nature of the plant's alkaloid, at first known as piturine. 1999 Sacramento (Calif.) Bee (Nexis) 2 May a4 Neuroscientists..released a study showing that nicotine-like drugs improved memory and learning in rats trying to find their way through mazes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1817
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