niln.¹adv.adj.

Brit.

/nɪl/, U.S.

/nɪl/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nīl.

Etymology: < classical Latin nīl, contracted < nihil nothing (see nihil n.).It is unclear whether the following earlier example should be taken as showing the English word or the Latin word in English context:1472–4 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Andrew's East Cheap in Brit. Mag. (1847) 31 530 Resceyued for the said hous..of the leve called the late wyf of Gerard Morcys for the termes of midsomer & Mighelmesse the same xiij yere nil, for hit was geven & perdoned hir.

A. n.¹

a. Nothing, no amount, zero (now frequently in scoring at sporting matches, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > zero > amount

noneeOE

naughteOE

nilc1550

naughts1559

zeroa1703

c1550 in F. R. Raines Hist. Chantries Lancaster (1862) II. 229 John Yates incumbent..hath for his Salarie the yerelie value of the said lands..And his lyvinge besides is nil.

1657 H. Crompton Poems sig. I2^v I finde my stock begets me little gain; For, whereas others (hackney-like) get store, Mine brings me nil per centum, and no more.

1699 E. Ward Mod. Relig. & Anc. Loyalty 7 Such Passive Tameness, when you've Pow'r to Nil, Concludes you as a Partner in the Ill.

1833 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 14 Such a return from all the population..would be nil.

1851 C. Kingsley Burns & his School in Misc. (1860) I. 404 Such attempts at it as we yet have seen, may be considered nil.

1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 889 The locomotor effects of the spasms is either nil or but very slight.

1919 Oxf. Mag. 7 Mar. Will some one remove the jinx? On Friday, February 28, we lost to Oriel and Merton by 3 goals to nil.

1936 A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. W. Europe i. 5 Of all the various structures referred to or described by Isidore of Seville..the surviving remains are almost nil.

1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid viii. 172 Visibility was reduced to nil.

1992 Sports Q. Winter 49/1 (advt.) You're 14–nil down to a bunch of jokers with funny accents you should be thrashing.

†b. Law. = nichil n. 2a. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure by sheriff's officer > return made for no seizable goods

nichil1584

nihil1607

nulla bona1641

nil1798

1798 T. Farrer in J. Manning Exch. of Pleas (1819) II. App. 267 When the sheriff receives part and not the whole, he answers Tot as to part, and Nil as to the rest.

1811 in 2nd Rep. Rec. Irel. 132 The Originalia of Process, called the Schedules of Nils from the Pipe.

1811 in 2nd Rep. Rec. Irel. 141 The Process lodged by the Sheriffs..is of no further use after the Tots and Nils are discharged.

†B. adv.

Not at all, in no way. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > not > not at all

noughteOE

nothingOE

nonewaysc1225

not a dealc1250

nothing soa1393

no-gatea1400

no-gatesa1400

no waya1400

nowaysa1400

riff no raff?a1400

in (also on, by) no kins way(s) (or wise)c1400

nowisec1425

no whitc1520

none1533

never a dysec1540

vengeance1556

in no sort1561

none ofc1571

nil1581

none1651

nowhat1651

nohow1775

du tout1824

nowt1828

nix1862

nary1895

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > impossibility > [adverb] > by no means

no waya1400

in no sauce1542

for love or money?1576

nil1581

nohow1775

not exactly1893

1581 T. Nuce tr. Octavia (new ed.) i. ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 162 She nil esteemes the secrete closet place.

1589 T. Lodge Scillaes Metamorphosis sig. B2^v Heart, tongue, thought, pen nil serue me to repent me, Disdaine her selfe should striue for to lament me.

1594 Zepheria xxxi. sig. E4 Proue him, then shalt thou finde he falsely lyes: Many so threaten death, that nil experiment.

C. adj.

Containing, reporting, or consisting of nothing; non-existent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adjective]

pretended1489

Oudemian streeta1586

not-being1594

unbeing1607

inexistent1646

non-existent1646

insubsistent1654

unented1657

unexistenta1682

non-existing1743

null1762

unexisting1785

nullibiquitous1820

non-entitous1831

beingless1835

non-entitive1872

non-entitative1889

nil1937

1937 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 161 314 The records with nil results were those which gave no legible trace.

1959 Punch 27 May 704/3 The thoughtless might suppose that hail-watching was dull work, with long blank intervals offering nothing better than a nil return.

1974 L. Lamb Man in Mist ix. 55 In view of my constable's nil report, could it be that nothing ever happened?

1981 D. Francis Twice Shy I. ix. 108 Muttering under his breath he tried one of the other telephones with ditto nil results.

1993 Classic CD Oct. 64/1 He shows no equivalent grasp of Shostakovich's meaning in his Fourth, which consequently tootles insipidly along to nil effect.

Compounds

nil-grade n. Linguistics the most reduced form of weak ablaut grade, in which the vowel disappears; = zero grade n. at zero n. and adj. Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > ablaut > set of > position occupied in > specific

low-grade1895

Schwundstufe1897

nil-grade1922

1922–3 Mod. Philol. 20 197 The nil-grade of the root vowel is represented by OE -tyllan (in fortyllan ‘to seduce’).

1935 Mod. Lang. Notes 50 523 Pre-English uncontracted Lāamkô (with nil-grade of the k-suffix).

1972 Language 48 9 The difficulty disappears if we start from a root k^werp, whose nil-grade developed into Aryan kr̥p- and Goidelic kri.

nil norm n. Economics (during times of economic hardship) the principle that wage increases are not allowed.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > wage structures and scales > [noun] > wage policy > no increase

rigidity1896

wage-fixing1928

wage-rigidity1930

wage freeze1942

nil norm1966

zero norm1966

1966 Sunday Times 14 Aug. 8 For all the traditional wage demands some principle does need to be hammered out to establish who will be permitted to breach the nil norm.

1973 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 81 808 In the short run, the ‘nil norm’ of an absolute wage and price freeze seems to be more effective.

1988 Economist (Nexis) 16 Jan. 9 Why not a public-sector pay feeze, or a nil norm?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

niln.²

Brit.

/niːl/, U.S.

/nil/

Forms: 1500s 2000s– neel, 1500s–1700s 1600s nill, 2000s– nil.

Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic nīl.

Etymology: < Arabic nīl < Sanskrit nīlī indigo plant, indigo < nīla dark blue (see anil n.), perhaps partly via Persian nīl . Compare anil n.

1. Any of various plants of the genus Indigofera (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)) which yield the dye indigo; the dye itself.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > indigo-plant or shrub

nil1583

indigo1600

anil1712

indigo-plant1758

palay1866

the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > indigo

indec1320

indicum1398

indy blue1509

indigo1555

indebaudias1573

vanil1577

anil1581

nil1583

1583 J. Newbery Let. 20 July in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 209 Neel the churle, 70. ducats.

1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. lxix. 117/2 Annil or Nil..hath sky coloured leaues.

1625 W. Finch in S. Purchas Pilgrims I. iv. iv. 428 The first of Nouember I was sent to buy Nill or Indico at Byana.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 602 Else it was a worser kind of that Nil or Anil that grew in Turkey.

1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. ii. viii. 93 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) Which they understanding, and seeing that St. John prepared to Baptize Christ, in a great rage, fetch'd a vast quantity of Indigo, which they call Nill in their language, and flung it into the Jordan.

1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1063 The Decoction of the whole Plant cures Rheumatisms and Pains. This is wild Nil, but makes no Indigo.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) This is to be always understood as meaning that nil which is used in dying.

2001 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) 25 Feb. 9 Red dye..from the madder plant..indigo blue from the nil plant.

†2. A kind of convolvulus or ipomoea with blue flowers. In later use: spec. the tropical morning glory Ipomoea nil. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > bindweed or convolvulus

woodbinec875

withwindc1000

bearbinda1325

bindweed1548

buckwheat1548

foalfoot1548

sea-cole1548

convolvulus1551

weedbind1551

soldanel1562

withweed1567

bindcorn1574

running buck1574

bind1575

ivy-bindweed1578

weedwind1578

windweed1578

withywind1578

nil1597

sea-bell1597

sea-bindweed1597

sea or Scottish scurvy-grass1597

sea-withwind1597

soldanella1597

ropeweed1598

bethwine1609

volubilis1664

Scotch scurvy-grassa1722

black bindweed1785

calystegia1880

sea convolvulus1921

bell-binder-

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 715 There be also other sorts of Bindweeds,..which no doubt may be kinds of Nil.

1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 170 The great blew Bindweede..is taken by most to be the Nil of Avicen and Serapis.

1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) It is probable that the convolvulus, or bindweed, called nil, obtained this name only from its flowers being of the same colour with the fine blue pigment obtained from the other nil, or woad.

1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 139 I[pomæa] nil is a highly beautiful plant, with the corollas of a clear blue colour, whence its name of Anil or Nil (Indigo).

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nil
释义	niln.¹adv.adj. Brit. /nɪl/, U.S. /nɪl/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin nīl. Etymology: < classical Latin nīl, contracted < nihil nothing (see nihil n.).It is unclear whether the following earlier example should be taken as showing the English word or the Latin word in English context:1472–4 Churchwardens' Accts. St. Andrew's East Cheap in Brit. Mag. (1847) 31 530 Resceyued for the said hous..of the leve called the late wyf of Gerard Morcys for the termes of midsomer & Mighelmesse the same xiij yere nil, for hit was geven & perdoned hir. A. n.¹ a. Nothing, no amount, zero (now frequently in scoring at sporting matches, etc.). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > [noun] > zero > amount noneeOE naughteOE nilc1550 naughts1559 zeroa1703 c1550 in F. R. Raines Hist. Chantries Lancaster (1862) II. 229 John Yates incumbent..hath for his Salarie the yerelie value of the said lands..And his lyvinge besides is nil. 1657 H. Crompton Poems sig. I2^v I finde my stock begets me little gain; For, whereas others (hackney-like) get store, Mine brings me nil per centum, and no more. 1699 E. Ward Mod. Relig. & Anc. Loyalty 7 Such Passive Tameness, when you've Pow'r to Nil, Concludes you as a Partner in the Ill. 1833 Edinb. Rev. Oct. 14 Such a return from all the population..would be nil. 1851 C. Kingsley Burns & his School in Misc. (1860) I. 404 Such attempts at it as we yet have seen, may be considered nil. 1899 T. C. Allbutt et al. Syst. Med. VII. 889 The locomotor effects of the spasms is either nil or but very slight. 1919 Oxf. Mag. 7 Mar. Will some one remove the jinx? On Friday, February 28, we lost to Oriel and Merton by 3 goals to nil. 1936 A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. W. Europe i. 5 Of all the various structures referred to or described by Isidore of Seville..the surviving remains are almost nil. 1952 C. Day Lewis tr. Virgil Aeneid viii. 172 Visibility was reduced to nil. 1992 Sports Q. Winter 49/1 (advt.) You're 14–nil down to a bunch of jokers with funny accents you should be thrashing. †b. Law. = nichil n. 2a. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > legal seizure or recovery of property > [noun] > seizing lands or goods > attachment of person or property for debt > seizure by sheriff's officer > return made for no seizable goods nichil1584 nihil1607 nulla bona1641 nil1798 1798 T. Farrer in J. Manning Exch. of Pleas (1819) II. App. 267 When the sheriff receives part and not the whole, he answers Tot as to part, and Nil as to the rest. 1811 in 2nd Rep. Rec. Irel. 132 The Originalia of Process, called the Schedules of Nils from the Pipe. 1811 in 2nd Rep. Rec. Irel. 141 The Process lodged by the Sheriffs..is of no further use after the Tots and Nils are discharged. †B. adv. Not at all, in no way. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adverb] > not > not at all noughteOE nothingOE nonewaysc1225 not a dealc1250 nothing soa1393 no-gatea1400 no-gatesa1400 no waya1400 nowaysa1400 riff no raff?a1400 in (also on, by) no kins way(s) (or wise)c1400 nowisec1425 no whitc1520 none1533 never a dysec1540 vengeance1556 in no sort1561 none ofc1571 nil1581 none1651 nowhat1651 nohow1775 du tout1824 nowt1828 nix1862 nary1895 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > impossibility > [adverb] > by no means no waya1400 in no sauce1542 for love or money?1576 nil1581 nohow1775 not exactly1893 1581 T. Nuce tr. Octavia (new ed.) i. ii, in T. Newton et al. tr. Seneca 10 Trag. f. 162 She nil esteemes the secrete closet place. 1589 T. Lodge Scillaes Metamorphosis sig. B2^v Heart, tongue, thought, pen nil serue me to repent me, Disdaine her selfe should striue for to lament me. 1594 Zepheria xxxi. sig. E4 Proue him, then shalt thou finde he falsely lyes: Many so threaten death, that nil experiment. C. adj. Containing, reporting, or consisting of nothing; non-existent. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > non-existence > [adjective] pretended1489 Oudemian streeta1586 not-being1594 unbeing1607 inexistent1646 non-existent1646 insubsistent1654 unented1657 unexistenta1682 non-existing1743 null1762 unexisting1785 nullibiquitous1820 non-entitous1831 beingless1835 non-entitive1872 non-entitative1889 nil1937 1937 Proc. Royal Soc. A. 161 314 The records with nil results were those which gave no legible trace. 1959 Punch 27 May 704/3 The thoughtless might suppose that hail-watching was dull work, with long blank intervals offering nothing better than a nil return. 1974 L. Lamb Man in Mist ix. 55 In view of my constable's nil report, could it be that nothing ever happened? 1981 D. Francis Twice Shy I. ix. 108 Muttering under his breath he tried one of the other telephones with ditto nil results. 1993 Classic CD Oct. 64/1 He shows no equivalent grasp of Shostakovich's meaning in his Fourth, which consequently tootles insipidly along to nil effect. Compounds nil-grade n. Linguistics the most reduced form of weak ablaut grade, in which the vowel disappears; = zero grade n. at zero n. and adj. Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > vowel > [noun] > ablaut > set of > position occupied in > specific low-grade1895 Schwundstufe1897 nil-grade1922 1922–3 Mod. Philol. 20 197 The nil-grade of the root vowel is represented by OE -tyllan (in fortyllan ‘to seduce’). 1935 Mod. Lang. Notes 50 523 Pre-English uncontracted Lāamkô (with nil-grade of the k-suffix). 1972 Language 48 9 The difficulty disappears if we start from a root k^werp, whose nil-grade developed into Aryan kr̥p- and Goidelic kri. nil norm n. Economics (during times of economic hardship) the principle that wage increases are not allowed. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > wage structures and scales > [noun] > wage policy > no increase rigidity1896 wage-fixing1928 wage-rigidity1930 wage freeze1942 nil norm1966 zero norm1966 1966 Sunday Times 14 Aug. 8 For all the traditional wage demands some principle does need to be hammered out to establish who will be permitted to breach the nil norm. 1973 Jrnl. Polit. Econ. 81 808 In the short run, the ‘nil norm’ of an absolute wage and price freeze seems to be more effective. 1988 Economist (Nexis) 16 Jan. 9 Why not a public-sector pay feeze, or a nil norm? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). niln.² Brit. /niːl/, U.S. /nil/ Forms: 1500s 2000s– neel, 1500s–1700s 1600s nill, 2000s– nil. Origin: A borrowing from Arabic. Etymon: Arabic nīl. Etymology: < Arabic nīl < Sanskrit nīlī indigo plant, indigo < nīla dark blue (see anil n.), perhaps partly via Persian nīl . Compare anil n. 1. Any of various plants of the genus Indigofera (family Fabaceae ( Leguminosae)) which yield the dye indigo; the dye itself. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > [noun] > indigo-plant or shrub nil1583 indigo1600 anil1712 indigo-plant1758 palay1866 the world > matter > colour > named colours > blue or blueness > blue colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs > indigo indec1320 indicum1398 indy blue1509 indigo1555 indebaudias1573 vanil1577 anil1581 nil1583 1583 J. Newbery Let. 20 July in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) i. 209 Neel the churle, 70. ducats. 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten Disc. Voy. E. & W. Indies i. lxix. 117/2 Annil or Nil..hath sky coloured leaues. 1625 W. Finch in S. Purchas Pilgrims I. iv. iv. 428 The first of Nouember I was sent to buy Nill or Indico at Byana. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 602 Else it was a worser kind of that Nil or Anil that grew in Turkey. 1677 J. Phillips tr. J.-B. Tavernier Persian Trav. ii. viii. 93 in tr. J.-B. Tavernier Six Voy. (1678) Which they understanding, and seeing that St. John prepared to Baptize Christ, in a great rage, fetch'd a vast quantity of Indigo, which they call Nill in their language, and flung it into the Jordan. 1702 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 23 1063 The Decoction of the whole Plant cures Rheumatisms and Pains. This is wild Nil, but makes no Indigo. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) This is to be always understood as meaning that nil which is used in dying. 2001 Rocky Mountain News (Denver) 25 Feb. 9 Red dye..from the madder plant..indigo blue from the nil plant. †2. A kind of convolvulus or ipomoea with blue flowers. In later use: spec. the tropical morning glory Ipomoea nil. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > climbing or creeping plants > [noun] > bindweed or convolvulus woodbinec875 withwindc1000 bearbinda1325 bindweed1548 buckwheat1548 foalfoot1548 sea-cole1548 convolvulus1551 weedbind1551 soldanel1562 withweed1567 bindcorn1574 running buck1574 bind1575 ivy-bindweed1578 weedwind1578 windweed1578 withywind1578 nil1597 sea-bell1597 sea-bindweed1597 sea or Scottish scurvy-grass1597 sea-withwind1597 soldanella1597 ropeweed1598 bethwine1609 volubilis1664 Scotch scurvy-grassa1722 black bindweed1785 calystegia1880 sea convolvulus1921 bell-binder- 1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 715 There be also other sorts of Bindweeds,..which no doubt may be kinds of Nil. 1640 J. Parkinson Theatrum Botanicum 170 The great blew Bindweede..is taken by most to be the Nil of Avicen and Serapis. 1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) It is probable that the convolvulus, or bindweed, called nil, obtained this name only from its flowers being of the same colour with the fine blue pigment obtained from the other nil, or woad. 1836 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Plants (rev. ed.) 139 I[pomæa] nil is a highly beautiful plant, with the corollas of a clear blue colour, whence its name of Anil or Nil (Indigo). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.¹adv.adj.c1550n.²1583
随便看	ventrofixation ventroinguinal ventrolateral ventrolaterally ventromedial ventromedially ventromesal ventromesial ventronudibranchiate ventropodal ventroposterior ventroscopy ventrose ventrosity ventrosuspension ventrotomy vents ventserver ventshaft ventstopper ventuous venturable venture venture a joint venture at

niln.1adv.adj.

Compounds

niln.2

niln.¹adv.adj.

niln.²