bankingn.1
/ˈbaŋkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/ 1.
a. The construction of banks of earth, stone, etc.; spec. the action of embanking a river. Also with up. Cf. embanking n.
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society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > embanking
banking1584
embanking1662
embankment1875
wharfing1897
1584 B. R. tr. Herodotus Famous Hyst. i. f. 58v The earth that was voyded heerefro was referred and employed to the bancking [Gk. τὰ χείλεα] of the riuer.
1610 W. Folkingham Feudigraphia ii. ii. 50 Sometimes this Compound Boundage implies a mutuall propertie or duty participable to the Conterminants, as bancking, balking, dyking, drayning, [etc.].
1664–5 Act 16 & 17 Chas. II c. 11 §2 [They] shall..maintaine and keepe the Rivers of Gleane and Welland with sufficient Dyking, Roading, Scowering and Bancking.
1753 Chambers's Cycl. Suppl. (at cited word) With respect to the water which is to be kept out, this is called banking.
1819 W. Cobbett Year's Resid. U.S.A. ii. ix. 227 Banking, hedging, they know nothing about. They have no idea of the use of a bill-hook.
1845 C. M. Kirkland Western Clearings 103 ‘Banking up’..consists in piling earth round the foundations, so as to prevent the frosty winds from intruding below the floor.
1906 Trans. Amer. Fisheries Soc. 35 133 It is desirable that surface water caused by rainstorms be kept out of small ponds by banking up or ditching.
2007 Agric. Hist. Rev. 55 41 The deepening and banking of the Welland river.
b. A bank of earth, an embankment.
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society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > embanking > an embankment
wharf10..
mounding1691
banking1776
sunka1784
embankment1786
battery1799
fill1850
earth fill1877
1776 G. Semple Treat. Building in Water xv. 101 The banking..is to extend from Pier to Pier.
1829 D. Hosack Mem. De Witt Clinton 320 The excess of expense in locks, reservoirs, and bankings in the canal of Clyde.
1932 Ann. Rep. Superintendent Sewers City of Worcester (Mass.) 794 The difficulty of caring for such a long, steep banking of grass.
2008 H. Weatherall 60 Hikes within 60 Miles, Boston xx. 130 Climbing the banking, the route leads to a memorial bench.
2. Chiefly Watchmaking and Clockmaking. A part of a mechanism designed to restrict the motion of another part; spec. a part of an escapement which restricts the motion of the balance wheel. Also: the action of limiting the movement of part of a mechanism by this means. Also attributive in banking pin, banking screw. Cf. bank v.1 8.
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the world > time > instruments for measuring time > watch > [noun] > making watches > specific procedures in
banking1765
timing1825
1765 T. Mudge Thoughts on Means improving Watches 10 It must also admit of a Vibration more than 18 Degrees greater than its mean Vibration before it hits the Banking.
a1798 T. Mudge Let. in T. Mudge, Jr. Descr. Time-keeper (1799) 107 You go, I suppose, upon a presumption that if it was removed, and no banking pin at all, that it would move considerably further.
1804 Trans. Soc. Arts 22 315 These are the principal modes of banking now in use.
1816 J. Smith Mech. I. 406 The banking of a timekeeper is of such real importance that the most accurate instrument, without this necessary appendage, is liable to such derangement, that from the most trivial causes it is in one moment rendered useless.
1884 F. J. Britten Watch & Clockmakers' Handbk. (new ed.) 29 Banking Screw,..an adjustable screw in the chronometer escapement.
1912 Machinery May 450/2 This brings the fork and escape wheel into the positions shown at B, which happens as the fork c is returning to the banking.
1965 C. Clutton & G. Daniels Watches 42 He employed Massey's escapement; a jewelled impulse pallet; resilient banking pins; Massey's safety action [etc.].
2008 U.S. Patent 7,458,717 B2 5 The presence of the banking..on the detent..prevents the spring..from losing its shape.
3. Fishing in the Grand Banks area off the coast of Newfoundland. Frequently attributive, as banking schooner, banking fleet, etc. Cf. bank fishing n. (a) at bank n.1 Compounds 2, banker n.3 3.
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the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > type or method of fishing > [noun] > sea-fishing > on bank
bank fishing1611
bank fishery1693
banking1794
1794 A. Thomas Newfoundland Jrnl. (1968) xii. 168 The functions of the Admiral is very great if he goes to Sea a Banking.
1842 J. A. Park Law Marine Insur. I. ii. 100 §2 Upon their arrival, ships are..employed in banking.
1848 J. Arnould Law Marine Insurance I. ii. ii. 560 Ships arriving on the coast..to be employed for some time in fishing on the banks (called banking).
1890 J. S. Winter et al. French Treaty Rights in Newfoundland 101 The recent action of the French banking fleet in coming into the harbours of our south-west coast.
1911 J. D. Rogers Hist. Geogr. Brit. Colonies V. iv. ix. 199 Sealing and banking were just compatible; for sealing began at the end of February and ended in May.
1999 Fiddlehead (Newfoundland Issue) Autumn 49 He would only be staying in Trepassey until the banking schooner picked him up on her way back to Nova Scotia.
4. A bank or mound of snow, etc. Also: a bank or mass of clouds, esp. one seen from a distance. Cf. bank n.1 5.
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the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > cloud > [noun] > a cloud > long flat-topped mass
bank1601
banking1835
1835 R. Huish Last Voy. Sir J. Ross Arctic Regions v. 383 The operations of the sailors..were chiefly confined to clearing away the banking of snow.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. (1856) xxxv. 321 I noticed that the usual cloud-bank of the horizon had nearly cleared away at the south... Half an hour after, I observed one spot where the banking remained.
1914 J. B. Connolly Trawler iii. 31 The sun went down that evening on a banking of clouds no less beautiful.
2006 B. Davison Lake District Winter Climbs 181 With a good banking of snow the lower section is not without interest.
5. The use of a second railway engine to assist another engine when pulling a train up an incline. Often attributive. Cf. bank v.1 11.Recorded earliest in banking engine n. at Compounds.
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society > travel > rail travel > [noun] > operation of railways > other specific operations
banking1838
piloting1863
buffering1898
slipping1898
propping1900
1838 Edinb. New Philos. Jrnl. 24 385 When the train arrives at the foot of one of the inclines, the banking engine follows to assist it up.
1902 Railway Mag. 10 113 (caption) Formerly used for working the Outer Circle trains, and afterwards for banking on the Euston incline.
1951 P. Ransome-Wallis On Railways at Home & Abroad iv. 75 By far the largest share of the banking duties is still carried out by 0-6-0 tanks.
2012 Steam World Aug. 48/1 Rather than stopping at Bromsgrove for banking assistance for the slog up the incline, the driver took a run at it instead.
6. On a road, railway, or sports track: the fact of having an upward slope towards the outside of a bend in order to facilitate cornering; the extent to which a bend slopes in this way. Also: a bend that slopes in this way. Cf. superelevation n. 2.
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society > occupation and work > industry > building or constructing > paving and road-building > [noun] > raising of bend
banking1887
society > travel > means of travel > route or way > way, path, or track > road > parts of road > [noun] > bend > raised outer edge of
banking1887
1887 Viscount Bury & G. L. Hillier Cycling (Badminton Libr. of Sports & Pastimes) x. 272 Many of the cycling paths suffer from want of sufficient banking at the corners.
1892 Bearings: Cycling Authority Amer. 22 Jan. It is a seventeen lap board track with a very steep banking.
1902 Motor World 2 Oct. 22/1 Winton's fear of the track, which has but little banking.
1937 Times 13 Apr. p. viii/2 The danger of vehicles leaving the road at bends..has during recent years been counter-balanced..by the process known as ‘banking’ or super-elevating.
1981 New Scientist 10 Dec. 723/1 As the train rounds bends it leans into them accentuating the banking of the track.
2005 W. Fotheringham Roule Britannia vi. 123 On a banked velodrome, riding high up the banking means a rider can stay out of trouble.
7. The action or an act of tilting sideways in the course of turning; the amount or degree of this.Esp. with reference to aircraft.
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1908 Airship 17 Oct. 3/1 The machine ‘adjust its own banking’ so to speak; at the will of the operator it tilts up gracefully, inclining inwards when taking a turn.
1922 Aerial Age Weekly 3 Apr. 82/1 It tilts up first to the right and then to the left in the bankings and turnings of the aeroplane.
1931 F. D. Bradbrooke Light Aeroplane Man. x. 166 The reason why accurate banking is not as readily learned as it is..on a bicycle, is probably because the cyclist simply falls over if his bank is incorrect.
1941 F. Pope & A. S. Otis Elem. Aeronaut. iii. 19 If the banking is insufficient for such a turn, the plane will skid.
1976 Ski Nov. 137/2 Too much banking will cause your edges to slip or chatter.
2011 R. Townsen Watcher in Fall xvi. 169 None of the actual action had been seen or felt by the passengers other than a banking of the jet.
Compounds
banking engine n. a second railway engine temporarily added to a train, typically at the rear, to provide additional power for ascending an incline; = bank engine n. at bank n.1 Compounds 2, banker n.3 5.
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society > travel > rail travel > rolling stock > [noun] > locomotive > steam locomotive > to assist in climbing steep slopes
bank engine1835
banking engine1838
pilot engine1839
banker1852
bank1866
roof garden1932
1838Banking engine [see sense 5].
1908 Model Engineer & Electr. 11 June 570 Where banking engines are employed for assisting trains on inclines.
2001 P. J. G. Ransom Snow, Flood & Tempest iii. 50 A banking engine was returning downhill from Dava in a blizzard.
banking ground n. North American (now historical) (a piece of) land beside a river or railway where logs are piled, ready for transportation; cf. bank v.1 7b.
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the world > food and drink > farming > forestry or arboriculture > lumbering > [noun] > transport of logs > place where logs enter river
rollway1820
skid1851
slide1858
banking ground1863
1863 Catal. 525,000 Acres Pine Timber Lands (St. Mary's Falls Ship Canal Company) p. xix It is..so situated, as to afford easy and natural access to the water with ample banking ground at various points along both streams.
1880 Lumberman's Gaz. 28 Jan. The banking ground is about 125 feet above the bed of the river.
1904 Booklovers Mag. Dec. 837/1 The timber is hauled to the banking-ground beside a river or railroad.
2011 M. Freeman Drifting i. 48 Stacking on gradient ensured an easier time come winter, when the logs were piled on sleds for the banking grounds.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
bankingn.2
/ˈbaŋkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/ 1. The occupation or profession of a banker; the business or activity of a bank or banks.investment banking, merchant banking, retail banking, etc.: see the first element.
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society > occupation and work > [noun]
mister?c1225
studyc1350
occupation?1387
businessc1405
entermise1490
occupying1548
banking1660
improvement1670
1660 F. Cradocke Expedient for taking away Impositions 8 I shall therefore conclude it with saying, that were this manner of Banking practicable in Holland, or that if the Hollander were possessed of England, they would by this means soon become Masters of all the Trade in the World.
1674 T. Turner Case Bankers & Creditors sig. A3 To erect my self into an Advocate for the Trade and mistery of Banking.
1736 G. Berkeley Querist: Pt. II (new ed.) §219 Banking brings no Treasure into the Kingdom.
1798 R. Jebb Reply to Pamphlet 43 They direct and govern all the great operations of banking, of insurance, and of stock.
1837 Plaindealer 6 May 354/1 We desire to see banking divorced not only from federal legislation, but from state legislation.
1898 Cosmopolitan Oct. 707/1 We find that banking is entirely respectable; and likewise stockbroking.
1965 J. L. Hanson Dict. Econ. 268/1 Mandate, as used in banking it is an authority given in writing for another person..to draw on a person's account.
1971 A. Sampson New Anat. Brit. v. xxvi. 497 Kenneth Keith, a brusque number-cruncher who had come into banking from accountancy.
2011 Independent 12 Sept. (Viewspaper section) 4/4 There is widespread agreement that reform of British banking is essential.
2. The use of services provided by a bank.electronic banking, home banking, telephone banking, etc.: see the first element.
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1873 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 22 Dec. The check bank then, is a scheme for rendering banking universal; a scheme for enabling every man to have a banking account.
1929 G. L. Eskew Pageant of Packets ii. 101 All the steamboatmen when in New Orleans did their banking at the Banque des Citoyens.
1971 Pop. Sci. Dec. 42/1 The Total Teller, a 24-hour seven-day machine..lets you do your banking when you want to.
2012 Daily Tel. 12 July 5/5 Nearly a quarter of web users were..using the web for banking, grocery shopping and other essential services.
Compounds
C1.
a. General attributive.Some examples with the sense ‘engaged in banking’ may be interpreted as adjectival, esp. in early use. See note in etymology at banking adj.1See also banking house n.
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1683 Broken Merchants Complaint 2 Let me but make some sober Remarks on the Original of your Banking-Trade, and the Progression of it, and the State it's now in.
1737 London Mag. Oct. 537/1 It must always be a great Advantage to a Banking Company to have a large Capital.
1779 H. Arnot Hist. Edinb. iv. iv. 532 Those abuses which had crept into the banking business.
1809 R. Langford Introd. Trade 20 Without regard to banking hours.
1843 Scioto (Ohio) Gaz. 14 Sept. How can any friend of a sound and practicable Banking system..vote for Mr. Lucas?
1861 G. J. Goschen Theory Foreign Exchanges 33 The primary cause which makes England the great banking centre of the world.
1929 N.Y. Times 24 Mar. (Real Estate section) 2/8 (headline) Banking firm leases penthouse suite.
1934 Sun (Baltimore) 6 Nov. 2/2 The park commissioner..renewed his assault on the Lehman banking family.
1936 M. Franklin All that Swagger 384 The whole world is paralysed by the mumbo-jumbo of banking jargon.
1962 Economist 5 May 452/1 Commercial banks which are able to offer complete ‘one stop’ banking service.
2012 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 27 Sept. 43/2 The hackers were able to acquire the targets' passwords and banking information.
b.
banking crisis n.
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1828 W. Jacob Tracts relating to Corn Trade & Corn Laws 97 The year which followed the banking crisis of 1825, may, and probably did, impede the progress of national prosperity.
1933 Washington Post 7 Mar. 6/2 The public may be inclined to regard the banking crisis as just another phase of the depression.
2010 Independent 14 Oct. 37 Repairing the City's battered reputation after the banking crisis is vital to the UK economy.
banking industry n.
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1856 L. Levi On Bank Charter 31 We trust that a Parliamentary Committee may be formed..having in view to free the banking industry from the many trammels and artificial bonds by which it has long been entangled.
1915 Grand Rapids (Mich.) Progress July 154/2 The banking industry in this city has quietly gained an enormous size.
2009 Mail & Guardian (Johannesburg) 11 June 13/1 Their proposals to restrain the excesses of the banking industry were lily-livered.
banking sector n.
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1933 Newark (Ohio) Advocate 3 June 7/1 The fact that the committee voted to eliminate the provision..was the subject of much discussion in the banking sector.
1987 J. R. Hough Educ. & National Econ. xi. 245 The loans..could be provided either by the government or..the banking sector.
2009 Observer 1 Nov. (Business & Media section) 4/2 A shakeout of staff at Lloyds is expected to be replicated across the banking sector.
banking stock n.
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1728 Hist. Acct. Bank of Scotl. 45 This last Clause absolutely secures this banking Stock from being affected by the private Debts of the Proprietors.
1832 Cobbett's Polit. Reg. 15 Sept. 698/2 There is no more appropriate subject of taxation than banks, banking, and banking stocks.
1931 Wisconsin (Madison) State Jrnl. 25 Feb. 18/4 Mail order shares, banking stock, and a few special issues made gains.
2009 J. Duarte Market Timing for Dummies x. 149 The Nasdaq 100 Index..is a growth-stock blue-chip index that houses the largest 100 stocks (excluding banking stocks) that trade on the Nasdaq Composite Index.
C2.
banking account n. = bank account n. at bank n.3 Compounds 3.
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society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [noun] > bank-account
account1615
bank account1671
a/c1736
drawing account1737
private account1772
banking account1792
embankment1813
current account1846
savings account1850
deposit account1851
checking account1923
demand deposit1930
ghost account1933
numbered account1963
1792 W. Brown Rep. High Court Chancery 3 21 In 1784, Vanderzee, owing the above 1000l. and about 400l. on his banking account, the partnership required an assignment of the securities.
1873 Janesville (Wisconsin) Gaz. 22 Dec. The check bank then, is a scheme for rendering banking universal; a scheme for enabling every man to have a banking account.
2007 Augusta (Georgia) Chron. (Nexis) 5 July c9 Please Log On under your personal link into your banking account and update your account information.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
bankingadj.1
/ˈbaŋkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/ Now rare (but see note in etymology).
That is a banker; that owns, manages, or works in a bank. Cf. bank v.2 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > banking > [adjective] > that keeps a bank or is a banker
banking1606
1606 P. Holland tr. Suetonius Hist. Twelve Caesars 70 My father was a Banking-monie changer [L. argentarius], And I am now a Corinth-Vessell-munger.
1641 J. Milton Of Reformation 82 That banking den of theeves.
1677 A. Yarranton England's Improvem. 18 Any of the banking Goldsmiths or Merchants.
1765 Scots Mag. Feb. 85/2 A deposite to this extent, together with the joint bond of the banking partners, will render the country perfectly secure.
1772 Gentleman's Mag. Dec. 768/1 The banking gentlemen, who have profited most upon these occasions, have lately received a check that will not easily be forgotten.
1886 Brit. Q. Rev. Jan. 128 This man proved a choice specimen of the banking scoundrel, and has recently been condemned to a term of imprisonment for his frauds.
2010 N. Shukla Coconut Unlimited Prol. 19 Anand ushers us out into the crispy summer day,..the yummy mummies and banking daddies of Crouch End bustling past.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
bankingadj.2
/ˈbaŋkɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈbæŋkɪŋ/ That banks (in various senses of bank v.1).
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the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > [adjective] > collecting into one mass or body > accumulated > heaping
banking1777
acervative1865
pyramiding1977
1777 C. T. Middleton New & Compl. Syst. Geogr. I. Introd. p. v A Lake's an inland sea with certain bounds, Which banking earth on ev'ry side surrounds.
c1867 ‘M. Twain’ Sketches New & Old in Wks. (1900) XIX. 372 A weird picture, that small company of frantic men fighting the banking snows.
1919 C. B. Nordhoff Fledgling iii. 146 A twisting, climbing, banking aeroplane, traveling at over one hundred miles per hour.
2001 P. Veryan Riddle Shipwrecked Spinster 187 Banking clouds on the horizon held a promise of rain to come.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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n.11584
n.21660
adj.11606adj.21777