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单词 nitro
释义

nitron.

Brit. /ˈnʌɪtrəʊ/, U.S. /ˈnaɪtroʊ/
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Partly formed within English, by clipping or shortening. Etymons: nitro- comb. form; nitroglycerine n.; nitro group n. at nitro- comb. form 4b.
Etymology: < nitro- comb. form. In sense 2, shortened < nitroglycerine n. In sense 3, shortened < nitro group n. at nitro- comb. form 4b.
1. An explosive mixture prepared using nitric acid; esp. nitro powder. Now chiefly historical.Recorded earliest in nitro proof adj. and n. at Compounds 1. Cf. earlier nitro-compound n. (b) at nitro- comb. form 4b, nitro-explosive n. at nitro- comb. form 4b.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > ammunition for firearms > [noun] > explosive for use with firearms > specific
serpentine powder1497
musket powder1644
black powder1793
percussion powder1819
wood powder1870
musketry powder1876
Schultze gunpowder1881
sawdust-powder1883
cocoa powder1884
brown powder1886
melinite1886
lyddite1888
rifleite1891
nitro powder1892
turpinite1895
nitro1900
shimose1904
1900 G. T. Teasdale-Buckell Experts on Guns & Shooting xxxvi. 536 By Rule 46 of the proof regulations when a gun has been proved in this way it is to be marked as follows, ‘nitro proof oz. maximum’, indicating the service weight of shot to be used.
1903 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 512/1 In most of the better brands of nitros, what used to be a positive danger has been reduced to a very occasional discomfort.
1975 Amer. Hist. Rev. 80 1327/1 In the last eighteen months of the war [of 1914–18] Danish importation of fertilizer, readily remade into ‘nitros’ for explosives, was cut drastically.
1991 Pop. Sci. Mar. 6/1 If the Iowa's nitro was not in good, fresh condition, it could have self-ignited from mild ramming.
2. slang = nitroglycerine n.Used with reference to both explosives and medicines.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > explosive material > [noun] > other specific explosives
powdera1393
gunpowder1411
saltpetre1501
petre1586
halinitre1608
sal-prunella1664
petre-salt1708
xyloidin1838
gun-cotton1846
pyroxyle1847
pyroxylin1847
pyroglycerin1850
xylidine1850
nitroglycerine1852
gun-sawdust1853
picrate1854
trinitroglycerin1864
nitroleum1866
trinitrin1866
dynamite1867
giant-powder1872
dualin1874
fulgurite1874
rendrock1874
glyoxilin1875
lithofracteur1875
trinitro-cellulose1875
white gunpowder1875
gelatin1878
cotton-powder1879
vigorite1879
blasting gelatine1881
Hercules powder1881
saxifragine1881
tonite1881
dynamogen1882
forcite1883
haloxylin1883
jelly powdera1884
nitro-gelatinea1884
panclastite1883
potentite1883
sebastinea1884
kolloxylin1884
hellhoffite1885
rackarock1885
securite1886
kinetite1887
roburite1887
carbo-dynamite1888
fortis1889
gelatine dynamite1889
gelignite1889
seranine1889
straw-dynamite1889
carbonite1890
amberite1891
nitro powder1892
Schnebelite1893
westfalite1894
thorite1899
soup1902
ammonal1903
cheddite1908
trinitrotoluene1908
Samsonite1909
tolite1909
trinitrotoluol1910
trotyl1910
glyceryl trinitrate1912
T.N.T.1915
nitro1916
amatol1918
cyclonite1923
hexogen1923
lox1923
pentaerythritol tetranitrate1923
hexite1931
aurantia1940
jelly1941
RDX1941
1916 Star of Hope xvii. 214/1 Soup, dinny and nitro.
1935 N. Ersine Underworld & Prison Slang 54 Nitro, nitroglycerine.
1950 R. Chandler Let. 18 May in R. Chandler Speaking (1966) 80 Opening a good safe (without a time lock) requires expensive and heavy tools, the finest drills either to drill out the lock or to get in the nitro if he is a peterman.
1972 J. Godey Three Worlds (1973) iii. 30 They had an old-time safe... I hit it with a fat charge of nitro.
1990 Reader's Digest June 159/1 The boom was swinging to and fro with enough nitro dangling off its end to reduce a 25-storey block of flats to rubble.
3. = nitro group n. at nitro- comb. form 4b.The independent use of nitro in this manner was perhaps prefigured in the formation of the compounds noted at nitro- comb. form 4b: e.g. nitro-compound (1852), nitro-substitute (1852), and nitro-derivative (1859).
ΚΠ
1948 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) A. 241 191 The 4-amino compound was again obtained from the nitro by reduction with Raney nickel and hydrogen.]
1985 Planta Medica 4 349 It is not necessary to transform the second nitro to a ketone group to give 2,5-undecadione. A direct transformation procedure is given.
1992 Jrnl. Org. Chem. 57 272/1 The reaction..having electron-withdrawing groups such as bromo, cyano and nitro at the 13 position did not afford any reaction product.

Compounds

C1.
nitro proof adj. and n. Firearms (a) adj. (of a gun) warranted as suitable for use with nitro powder; (b) n. the proving or testing of a gun intended to be used with nitro powder.
ΚΠ
1900Nitro proof [see sense 1].
1932 G. Burrard Mod. Shotgun III. xv. 312 Previous to 1925 all ordinary sporting guns of British manufacture were submitted to three different types of Proof; namely, Provisional Proof, Definitive Proof, and Nitro Proof.
1989 Miller's Collectables Price Guide 1989–90 257/1 Double action revolver..with 4 in (10 cm) barrel, nitro proof, with a leather holster and belt.
nitro-prove v. transitive to prove or test (a firearm) as to suitability for use with nitro powder (usually in passive).
ΚΠ
1932 G. Burrard Mod. Shotgun III. xv. 323 A question which is frequently arising is whether an old gun which has never been nitro proved is safe to use with cartridges loaded with nitro powders.
1976 Shooting Mag. Dec. 63/3 (advt.) H. Holland Hammergun made in October 1872. Complete in fitted leather case. Recently nitro-proved, in fine condition.
C2. attributive (in sense 2), as nitro pill, nitro spray, etc.
ΚΠ
1969 ‘H. Pentecost’ Girl Watcher's Funeral (1970) ii. 149 He got a fresh prescription..for nitro pills.
1993 M. Atwood in Quarry Mag. Apr. 30 She gives him his nitro pills, she tries to calm him down.
1993 S. J. Ettinger Pocket Compan. Textbk. Vet. Internal Med. App. 847 (table) Nitroglycerin 2% ointment (Nitro ointment).
1994 Daily Tel. 22 Nov. 24/5 She asked her GP for angina tablets. She was given a nitro sub-lingual spray which relieved her pain.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

> see also

also refers to : nitro-comb. form
<
n.1900
see also
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