nucleoidadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈnjuːklɪɔɪd/, U.S.

/ˈn(j)ukliˌɔɪd/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleus n., -oid suffix.

Etymology: < nucleus n. + -oid suffix. In sense B. 1 after German Nucleoïd (introduced by M. Lavdowsky 1893, in Zeitschr. f. Wissensch. Mikroskopie 10 8, and taken up by J. Arnold 1896, in Virchows Arch. f. Path. Anat. u. Physiol. 145 22; now usually Nukleoid ). In sense B. 2 after German Nucleoid (introduced in this sense by G. Piekarski 1937, in Arch. f. Mikrobiol. 8 438).

A. adj.

Like a nucleus in form or appearance. Later (Microbiology): relating to or of the nature of a nucleoid (sense B. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [adjective] > having nucleus > of or like nucleus

nucleoid1855

nucleary1881

nuclear1882

1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Nucleoid, gathered into, or having the appearance of a nucleus, or faint spot of light.

1880 H. C. Bastian Brain xxiii. 465 These are either mere nucleoid bodies or small angular cells.

1889 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 429 (heading) Nucleus or nucleoid bodies of schizomycetes.

1924 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 11 314 The significance of this nucleoid material found so generally in the polymorphic genus Crataegus is a problem beyond the scope of the present investigation.

1949 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 233 466 Staining of such filaments with Giemsa after hydrolysis reve[a]ls nucleoid structures similar to those found in other bacteria.

1988 P. W. Kuchel et al. Schaum's Outl. Theory & Probl. Biochem. vii. 190 There is increasing evidence for the presence of histonelike proteins in them that enable condensation of their DNA into its compact nucleoid form.

B. n.

1. Histology. A granular or fibrillar substance or structure observed as an artefact in blood cells, esp. erythrocytes. Now rare or disused.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > components of blood > blood corpuscle or plate > [noun] > red cells or corpuscles > other constituents of red cells

oecoid1870

nucleoid1905

spectrin1968

1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 383/2 Nucleoid, a term used by Arnold to designate the substance in the red corpuscles formed from the original nucleus. It is finely granular or fibrillar and is surrounded by a substance which Arnold calls paraplasm.

1913 O. C. Gruner Biol. Blood-cells 361 Nucleoid. Syn.: nuclear rests, inclusion-body. (a) A precipitation effect of hæmoglobin; (b) if basic, a special appearance of the basophile cell membrane.

1928 E. B. Krumbhaar in E. V. Cowdry Special Cytol. I. x. 307 In addition to the several bodies just mentioned, various artefacts can be produced [in erythrocytes] by standing, poor fixation, non-isotonic solutions, etc., termed ‘nucleoids’.

2. Biology. A structure comprising the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell, virus, or cellular organelle.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > part of

capsule1883

conidium1925

macroconidium1930

nucleoid1938

muramic acid1957

mucopeptide1959

mesosome1960

rhapidosome1963

murein1964

peptidoglycan1966

1938 Biol. Abstr. 12 1407/2 The author's [sc. G. Piekarski's] studies seem to show that the nucleoids which he observed in bacteria and sarcina are equivalent to cell nuclei.

1961 Science 24 Feb. 559/1 This study showed..that the ‘nucleoid’ or dense center of the virus particles is composed of ribonucleic acid.

1970 Nature 31 Oct. 410/2 The RNA dependent activity resides in the nucleoid.

1989 E. Lawrence Guide Mod. Biol. ii. 45 The prokaryotic chromosome is a complex of about 20 per cent protein of several different types and 80 per cent DNA and forms a compact mass—the nucleoid.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	nucleoid
释义	nucleoidadj.n. Brit. /ˈnjuːklɪɔɪd/, U.S. /ˈn(j)ukliˌɔɪd/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: nucleus n., -oid suffix. Etymology: < nucleus n. + -oid suffix. In sense B. 1 after German Nucleoïd (introduced by M. Lavdowsky 1893, in Zeitschr. f. Wissensch. Mikroskopie 10 8, and taken up by J. Arnold 1896, in Virchows Arch. f. Path. Anat. u. Physiol. 145 22; now usually Nukleoid ). In sense B. 2 after German Nucleoid (introduced in this sense by G. Piekarski 1937, in Arch. f. Mikrobiol. 8 438). A. adj. Like a nucleus in form or appearance. Later (Microbiology): relating to or of the nature of a nucleoid (sense B. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > substance > cell > cell organelle or contents > [adjective] > having nucleus > of or like nucleus nucleoid1855 nucleary1881 nuclear1882 1855 J. Ogilvie Suppl. Imperial Dict. Nucleoid, gathered into, or having the appearance of a nucleus, or faint spot of light. 1880 H. C. Bastian Brain xxiii. 465 These are either mere nucleoid bodies or small angular cells. 1889 Jrnl. Royal Microsc. Soc. 429 (heading) Nucleus or nucleoid bodies of schizomycetes. 1924 Amer. Jrnl. Bot. 11 314 The significance of this nucleoid material found so generally in the polymorphic genus Crataegus is a problem beyond the scope of the present investigation. 1949 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 233 466 Staining of such filaments with Giemsa after hydrolysis reve[a]ls nucleoid structures similar to those found in other bacteria. 1988 P. W. Kuchel et al. Schaum's Outl. Theory & Probl. Biochem. vii. 190 There is increasing evidence for the presence of histonelike proteins in them that enable condensation of their DNA into its compact nucleoid form. B. n. 1. Histology. A granular or fibrillar substance or structure observed as an artefact in blood cells, esp. erythrocytes. Now rare or disused. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > vascular system > blood > components of blood > blood corpuscle or plate > [noun] > red cells or corpuscles > other constituents of red cells oecoid1870 nucleoid1905 spectrin1968 1905 G. M. Gould Dict. New Med. Terms 383/2 Nucleoid, a term used by Arnold to designate the substance in the red corpuscles formed from the original nucleus. It is finely granular or fibrillar and is surrounded by a substance which Arnold calls paraplasm. 1913 O. C. Gruner Biol. Blood-cells 361 Nucleoid. Syn.: nuclear rests, inclusion-body. (a) A precipitation effect of hæmoglobin; (b) if basic, a special appearance of the basophile cell membrane. 1928 E. B. Krumbhaar in E. V. Cowdry Special Cytol. I. x. 307 In addition to the several bodies just mentioned, various artefacts can be produced [in erythrocytes] by standing, poor fixation, non-isotonic solutions, etc., termed ‘nucleoids’. 2. Biology. A structure comprising the genetic material of a prokaryotic cell, virus, or cellular organelle. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > organism > micro-organism > bacterium > [noun] > part of capsule1883 conidium1925 macroconidium1930 nucleoid1938 muramic acid1957 mucopeptide1959 mesosome1960 rhapidosome1963 murein1964 peptidoglycan1966 1938 Biol. Abstr. 12 1407/2 The author's [sc. G. Piekarski's] studies seem to show that the nucleoids which he observed in bacteria and sarcina are equivalent to cell nuclei. 1961 Science 24 Feb. 559/1 This study showed..that the ‘nucleoid’ or dense center of the virus particles is composed of ribonucleic acid. 1970 Nature 31 Oct. 410/2 The RNA dependent activity resides in the nucleoid. 1989 E. Lawrence Guide Mod. Biol. ii. 45 The prokaryotic chromosome is a complex of about 20 per cent protein of several different types and 80 per cent DNA and forms a compact mass—the nucleoid. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2003; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1855
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