单词 | nylon |
释义 | nylonn.adj. A. n. 1. Any of various synthetic thermoplastic polymers with a straight-chain polyamide structure, many of which are tough, lightweight, and resistant to heat and chemicals, may be produced as filaments, sheets, or moulded objects, and are widely used for textile fabrics and industrially; esp. (more fully nylon 66) that made from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine (each of which contains six carbon atoms). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > man-made textiles > [noun] > synthetic > nylon nylon1938 Perlon1941 Rilsan1951 Nylex1957 Antron1960 Supplex1985 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > capable of hardening after heating or (re)shaping > specific thermoplastic materials Rhodoid1918 polyphenylene oxide1921 picein1926 Parafilm1934 nylon1938 polyethylene1939 polythene1939 Saran1940 alkathene1941 polyethylene terephthalate1946 Visqueen1948 Lexan1956 1938 N.Y. Times 28 Oct. 34/3 ‘Nylon’ is a generic name, coined by the du Pont chemists, to designate all materials defined scientifically as ‘synthetic fiber-forming polymeric amides having a protein-like chemical structure; derivable from coal, air and water, or other substances, and characterized by extreme toughness and strength and the peculiar ability to be formed into fibers and into various shapes, such as bristles and sheets’. 1943 Chem. Abstr. 37 3947 A description of the manuf. of No. 66 Nylon (as the most important nylon). 1958 D. E. Floyd Polyamide Resins i. 4 Nylon-6,10 means that the diamine contained 6 carbon atoms and the dibasic acid contained 10 carbon atoms. 1963 H. R. Clauser Encycl. Engin. Materials 451/1 Nylons resist electrolytic corrosion, hydrolysis, fungi, bacteria and most chemicals. 1982 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context: Lab. Man. & Study Guide 170 Nylon 6 has a structure very similar to nylon 66, but it is derived from only a single monomer molecule, known as caprolactam. 1994 Equinox Jan. 62 The outer skin of the boot is reinforced ballistic nylon, a semirigid substance woven in the same manner as bulletproof vests. 2. Fabric made from nylon yarn. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from man-made fibres > [noun] > synthetic > nylon nylon1940 Nylex1957 paper nylon1959 Antron1960 Qiana1968 1940 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 44 312 Possible use of synthetic textile Nylon as a parachute material. 1958 Woman's Own 5 Feb. 37/3 (advt.) Nighties, blouses, slips, underwear in silk, nylon, rayon, ‘Terylene’, chiffon..keep their soft sheen and filmy finery. 1967 E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage iii. 81 Appliqué in more net, or in nylon, organdie, etc., would give weight and definition to the design. 1992 Chicago Tribune 22 Nov. xv. 8/5 Your final decision, the fabric, can be the most difficult. Choices include nylon, polyester, cotton, [etc.]. 3. In plural. Stockings or tights made of nylon. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and feet > [noun] > stocking > types of > other > stockings under-stockings1605 under-stock1821 silks1836 moose shanks1887 tabi1895 nylons1940 1940 Woman (U.S.) 5 ii. 68 Dunk your nylons in rich suds of neutral soap. 1965 N.Y. Times 16 May vi. 80/2 By 1964, silk and rayon stockings were almost unknown in the United States, while production of nylons had risen to 83,900,000 dozen pairs. 1987 P. Benson Levels xv. 107 There are still some people who prefer the sort of thing that ladders nylons. B. adj. 1. Made of or consisting of nylon. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > man-made textiles > [adjective] > synthetic > nylon nylon1939 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > man-made textiles > [adjective] > synthetic > nylon > made of nylon1939 Qiana1968 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [adjective] > thermoplastic or thermosetting > nylon nylon1939 1939 Industrial Fibres Rev. 3 167/1 The first considerable use of ‘Nylon’ yarn will be in the full-fashioned hose trade where silk is at present the raw material. 1941 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 4 Oct. 1221/1 One of the principal reasons why Nylon stockings have achieved popularity is the fact that they are more ‘sheer’ than silk stockings. 1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 29/2 Nylon brushes are available in a variety of colours. 1958 New Statesman 28 June 831/1 Men who had nylon shirts and terylene suits before those fabrics got into Marks and Spencer's. 1961 Lancet 22 July 206/2 Nylon film as a wrapping material for sterilisation. 1968 Bodl. Libr. Rec. 8 61 It runs on four 4-inch nylon wheels fitted with roller bearings. 1984 A. Desai In Custody ii. 24 This made his pale green nylon shirt crackle with latent electricity. 1991 World Monitor Apr. 47/2 (advt.) A nylon jump rope for warm-ups and endurance conditioning. 2. Caribbean (chiefly humorous). New and improved; (spec. of a roadway) laid with a smooth covering of asphalt. ΚΠ 1955 Caribbean Q. 4 ii. 103 Nylon, pronounced ‘nilô’ or ‘dilô’ has come to signify anything new, different, and better. The new ice house in Soufriere advertises ‘nylon’ ice, and nylon starch and nylon peanuts can be had, the latter being candies shaped like peanuts. 1967 F. G. Cassidy & R. B. Le Page Dict. Jamaican Eng. 326/2 Nylon road, any new very smooth asphalt-surfaced road—much smoother than the average Jamaican road. 1975 House of Assembly Deb. (Barbados) 17 Mar. 4889/1 We were told that we would be improving these nylon roads, and if we wanted to run on them we will have to pay additional taxation. Compounds C1. a. General attributive, as nylon industry, nylon extrusion, nylon output, nylon plant, nylon production, etc. ΚΠ 1942 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Jan. 58/2 The nylon industry is only in its infancy. 1951 Economist 22 Sept. 686/1 Nylon output is now running at an annual rate of 100 million pounds. 1953 K. H. Inderfurth Nylon Technol. 11 Du Pont's third nylon plant. 1963 H. R. Clauser Encycl. Engin. Materials 452/1 Tubing and rod stock manufacture, plus the coating of wire and cable, are the major forms of nylon extrusion. 1991 Process Engin. Aug. 23/1 The Acids 1 plant at ICI Wilton was built in 1959 to produce adipic acid, an intermediate in nylon production. b. Instrumental, as nylon-cased, nylon-clad, nylon-covered, nylon-faced, etc., adjs. ΚΠ 1952 Life 17 Nov. 101 (advt.) Snuggle your bare or nylon-clad feet into the luxuriously fur-soft, warm-as-toast Borg Dee Pile lining. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 29 Mar. 75/3 The pump..incorporates nylon-covered steel rollers to push the milk round. 1967 Jane's Surface Skimmer Syst. 1967–8 25/1 Propulsion fans are driven by nylon-faced toothed rubber timing belts. 1990 Time 23 Apr. 75/2 Jumpers leap headfirst from bridges, cranes and hot-air balloons..with only a long nylon-cased rubber bungee cord to break their fall. c. Parasynthetic, as nylon-bristled, nylon-geared, nylon-legged, nylon-strung, nylon-tipped, etc., adjs. ΚΠ 1954 H. R. Mauersberger in Matthews's Textile Fibers (ed. 6) xviii. 946 Nylon-bristled toothbrushes. 1954 J. Betjeman Few Late Chrysanthemums 74 And country girls with lips and nails vermilion Wait, nylon-legged, to straddle on the pillion. 1961 Listener 5 Oct. 498/2 Nylon-geared egg beaters. 1966 Melody Maker 23 July 10/4 His [drum] sticks are..Autocrat nylon-tipped and Japanese Star 7a. 1996 P. Trynka Rock Hardware 138/3 Small-bodied, nylon-strung guitar for classical music. C2. nylon dermatitis n. dermatitis caused by contact with nylon; esp. nylon stocking dermatitis n. ΚΠ 1946 J. V. Sherman & S. L. Sherman New Fibers 56 Cases of so-called ‘nylon dermatitis,’ or ‘an allergy to nylon,’ are attributed to contact with finishing materials. 1954 H. R. Mauersberger in Matthews's Textile Fibers (ed. 6) xviii. 961 Any references to ‘nylon dermatitis’..are distinct misnomers. 1964 Listener 26 Mar. 520/1 Nylon dermatitis and bunions are related to fashions of dress. nylon salt n. a salt formed by the reaction of hexamethylenediamine (or another diamine) with adipic acid (or another dibasic acid), which can be polymerized to give nylon. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > salts, esters or anions of organic acids > [noun] hydrochloride1823 isethionates1838 citraconate1840 adipate1841 anthranilate1841 stearate1841 itaconic acid1842 salicylate1842 oenanthate1845 ammelide1846 pelargonate1848 pelargyl1851 melanuric acid1852 methylate1852 opianyl1852 abietate1853 maleate1853 fulminuric1856 glyoxylate1856 urethane1856 indican1859 oxalyl1859 malonate1862 methacrylate1865 amylate1866 acetoacetate1873 isobutyrate1873 glutamate1876 hydrobromide1877 nicotinate1879 isovalerate1882 calcium gluconate1884 methoxide1885 isophthalate1886 homogentisate1891 naphthenate1899 peracetate1901 iodoacetate1902 glucuronate1904 hydnocarpate1905 thiomalate1905 azide1907 phytate1908 linolenate1909 isocitrate1925 phenylpyruvate1926 monosodium glutamate1929 perester1933 phosphonate1934 polymethacrylate1935 pantothenate1938 phosphoenolpyruvate1941 nylon salt1945 pantoate1945 penicilloate1946 thymidylate1959 chorismate1965 nonanoate1965 neuraminate1970 1945 Industr. Fibres & By-Products 7 53/2 The nylon salt solution is..ready to be made into new nylon polymer. 1964 J. G. Cook Your Guide to Plastics 239 Hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid are reacted together to form a salt, hexamethylene diammonium adipate, or ‘nylon salt’. 1973 Materials & Technol. VI. iv. 322 When the two solutions are mixed together, a mixed compound, usually referred to as ‘nylon salt’, is precipitated. nylon stocking dermatitis n. contact dermatitis caused by wearing nylon stockings, usually attributable to allergy to a dye or finish used in them. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > other diseases or conditions impetigo1398 deadingc1400 St Anthonyc1405 foulness1559 acrochordon1565 foulness1583 heat1597 bleach1601 Anthony's fire1609 desquamation1726 sivvens1762 erythema1778 rupia1813 morula1817 dermalgia1842 mycosis1846 cheloid1854 keloid1854 morule1857 kelis1864 dermatosis1866 epithelioma1872 vagabond's disease1876 vagabond's skin1876 dermatitis1877 erysipeloid1888 Ritter's disease1888 acanthosis nigricans1890 angiokeratoma1891 sunburn1891 porokeratosis1893 acrodermatitis1894 epidermolysis1894 keratolysis1895 dermographism1896 neurodermatitis1896 peau d'orange1896 X-ray dermatitis1897 dermatomyositis1899 papulo-erythema1899 pyodermia1899 tar acne1899 dermographia1900 radiodermatitis1903 poikiloderma1907 neurodermatosis1909 leishmanoid1922 razor burn1924 pyoderma1930 photodermatosis1931 photodermatitis1933 necrobiosis lipoidica1934 pyoderma gangrenosum1936 fassy1943 acrodermatitis enteropathica1945 chicken skin1946 nylon stocking dermatitis1947 Sézary('s) syndrome1953 pigskin1966 washerwoman's skin1981 strimmer rash1984 1947 Jrnl. Investigative Dermatol. 9 207 All the subjects suffering from nylon stocking dermatitis were hypersensitive to azodyes used in the manufacture of the stockings. 1979 Contact Dermatitis 5 163 (title) Nylon stocking dermatitis. An unusual example. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1938 |
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