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单词 nylon
释义

nylonn.adj.

Brit. /ˈnʌɪlɒn/, U.S. /ˈnaɪˌlɑn/
Forms: also with capital initial.
Origin: Apparently an arbitrary formation.
Etymology: Apparently an arbitrary formation after rayon n.3, cotton n.1: see quot. 1938 at sense A. 1 and compare the following:1940 Women's Wear Daily 9 Feb. 22 The du Pont letter, written by John W. Eckelberry, covers the general status of nylon as follows: ‘The word is a generic word coined by the du Pont Co. It is not a registered name or trademark... We wish to emphasize the following additional points: First, that the letters n-y-l-o-n have absolutely no significance, etymologically or otherwise... Because the names of two textile fibers in common use—namely “cotton” and “rayon”, end with letters “on”..it was felt that a word ending in “on” might be desirable. A number of words..were rejected because it was found they were not sufficiently distinct from words found in the dictionary, or in lists of classified trademarks. After much deliberation, the term “nylon” was finally adopted.’ See also the following detailed account of the word's evolution:1988 D. Hounshell & J. Kenly Smith Sci. & Corporate Strategy xiii. 269 Gladding thought of norun, which would have caused problems because nylon stockings did run. He then turned it around to nuron but thought that sounded like a nerve tonic. So he changed the r to an l, making it nulon. This apparently was very similar to an existing trademark, and Gladding realized that many advertisements would refer to new nulon, a redundant-sounding phrase. Next, he changed the u to an i and got nilon, which unfortunately has three pronunciations: nillon, neelon, or nylon. The latter one was chosen, and Fiber 66 was given a name. Other theories have been suggested as to the origin of this word (such as a connection with the place names New York and London), but are not supported by any reliable evidence.
A. n.
1. Any of various synthetic thermoplastic polymers with a straight-chain polyamide structure, many of which are tough, lightweight, and resistant to heat and chemicals, may be produced as filaments, sheets, or moulded objects, and are widely used for textile fabrics and industrially; esp. (more fully nylon 66) that made from adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine (each of which contains six carbon atoms).
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > man-made textiles > [noun] > synthetic > nylon
nylon1938
Perlon1941
Rilsan1951
Nylex1957
Antron1960
Supplex1985
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [noun] > plastic > capable of hardening after heating or (re)shaping > specific thermoplastic materials
Rhodoid1918
polyphenylene oxide1921
picein1926
Parafilm1934
nylon1938
polyethylene1939
polythene1939
Saran1940
alkathene1941
polyethylene terephthalate1946
Visqueen1948
Lexan1956
1938 N.Y. Times 28 Oct. 34/3Nylon’ is a generic name, coined by the du Pont chemists, to designate all materials defined scientifically as ‘synthetic fiber-forming polymeric amides having a protein-like chemical structure; derivable from coal, air and water, or other substances, and characterized by extreme toughness and strength and the peculiar ability to be formed into fibers and into various shapes, such as bristles and sheets’.
1943 Chem. Abstr. 37 3947 A description of the manuf. of No. 66 Nylon (as the most important nylon).
1958 D. E. Floyd Polyamide Resins i. 4 Nylon-6,10 means that the diamine contained 6 carbon atoms and the dibasic acid contained 10 carbon atoms.
1963 H. R. Clauser Encycl. Engin. Materials 451/1 Nylons resist electrolytic corrosion, hydrolysis, fungi, bacteria and most chemicals.
1982 G. C. Hill & J. S. Holman Chem. in Context: Lab. Man. & Study Guide 170 Nylon 6 has a structure very similar to nylon 66, but it is derived from only a single monomer molecule, known as caprolactam.
1994 Equinox Jan. 62 The outer skin of the boot is reinforced ballistic nylon, a semirigid substance woven in the same manner as bulletproof vests.
2. Fabric made from nylon yarn.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > made from man-made fibres > [noun] > synthetic > nylon
nylon1940
Nylex1957
paper nylon1959
Antron1960
Qiana1968
1940 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 44 312 Possible use of synthetic textile Nylon as a parachute material.
1958 Woman's Own 5 Feb. 37/3 (advt.) Nighties, blouses, slips, underwear in silk, nylon, rayon, ‘Terylene’, chiffon..keep their soft sheen and filmy finery.
1967 E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage iii. 81 Appliqué in more net, or in nylon, organdie, etc., would give weight and definition to the design.
1992 Chicago Tribune 22 Nov. xv. 8/5 Your final decision, the fabric, can be the most difficult. Choices include nylon, polyester, cotton, [etc.].
3. In plural. Stockings or tights made of nylon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > clothing for legs > clothing for legs and feet > [noun] > stocking > types of > other > stockings
under-stockings1605
under-stock1821
silks1836
moose shanks1887
tabi1895
nylons1940
1940 Woman (U.S.) 5 ii. 68 Dunk your nylons in rich suds of neutral soap.
1965 N.Y. Times 16 May vi. 80/2 By 1964, silk and rayon stockings were almost unknown in the United States, while production of nylons had risen to 83,900,000 dozen pairs.
1987 P. Benson Levels xv. 107 There are still some people who prefer the sort of thing that ladders nylons.
B. adj.
1. Made of or consisting of nylon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > man-made textiles > [adjective] > synthetic > nylon
nylon1939
the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > man-made textiles > [adjective] > synthetic > nylon > made of
nylon1939
Qiana1968
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > synthetic resins and plastics > [adjective] > thermoplastic or thermosetting > nylon
nylon1939
1939 Industrial Fibres Rev. 3 167/1 The first considerable use of ‘Nylon’ yarn will be in the full-fashioned hose trade where silk is at present the raw material.
1941 Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 4 Oct. 1221/1 One of the principal reasons why Nylon stockings have achieved popularity is the fact that they are more ‘sheer’ than silk stockings.
1951 Good Housek. Home Encycl. 29/2 Nylon brushes are available in a variety of colours.
1958 New Statesman 28 June 831/1 Men who had nylon shirts and terylene suits before those fabrics got into Marks and Spencer's.
1961 Lancet 22 July 206/2 Nylon film as a wrapping material for sterilisation.
1968 Bodl. Libr. Rec. 8 61 It runs on four 4-inch nylon wheels fitted with roller bearings.
1984 A. Desai In Custody ii. 24 This made his pale green nylon shirt crackle with latent electricity.
1991 World Monitor Apr. 47/2 (advt.) A nylon jump rope for warm-ups and endurance conditioning.
2. Caribbean (chiefly humorous). New and improved; (spec. of a roadway) laid with a smooth covering of asphalt.
ΚΠ
1955 Caribbean Q. 4 ii. 103 Nylon, pronounced ‘nilô’ or ‘dilô’ has come to signify anything new, different, and better. The new ice house in Soufriere advertises ‘nylon’ ice, and nylon starch and nylon peanuts can be had, the latter being candies shaped like peanuts.
1967 F. G. Cassidy & R. B. Le Page Dict. Jamaican Eng. 326/2 Nylon road, any new very smooth asphalt-surfaced road—much smoother than the average Jamaican road.
1975 House of Assembly Deb. (Barbados) 17 Mar. 4889/1 We were told that we would be improving these nylon roads, and if we wanted to run on them we will have to pay additional taxation.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive, as nylon industry, nylon extrusion, nylon output, nylon plant, nylon production, etc.
ΚΠ
1942 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Jan. 58/2 The nylon industry is only in its infancy.
1951 Economist 22 Sept. 686/1 Nylon output is now running at an annual rate of 100 million pounds.
1953 K. H. Inderfurth Nylon Technol. 11 Du Pont's third nylon plant.
1963 H. R. Clauser Encycl. Engin. Materials 452/1 Tubing and rod stock manufacture, plus the coating of wire and cable, are the major forms of nylon extrusion.
1991 Process Engin. Aug. 23/1 The Acids 1 plant at ICI Wilton was built in 1959 to produce adipic acid, an intermediate in nylon production.
b. Instrumental, as nylon-cased, nylon-clad, nylon-covered, nylon-faced, etc., adjs.
ΚΠ
1952 Life 17 Nov. 101 (advt.) Snuggle your bare or nylon-clad feet into the luxuriously fur-soft, warm-as-toast Borg Dee Pile lining.
1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 29 Mar. 75/3 The pump..incorporates nylon-covered steel rollers to push the milk round.
1967 Jane's Surface Skimmer Syst. 1967–8 25/1 Propulsion fans are driven by nylon-faced toothed rubber timing belts.
1990 Time 23 Apr. 75/2 Jumpers leap headfirst from bridges, cranes and hot-air balloons..with only a long nylon-cased rubber bungee cord to break their fall.
c. Parasynthetic, as nylon-bristled, nylon-geared, nylon-legged, nylon-strung, nylon-tipped, etc., adjs.
ΚΠ
1954 H. R. Mauersberger in Matthews's Textile Fibers (ed. 6) xviii. 946 Nylon-bristled toothbrushes.
1954 J. Betjeman Few Late Chrysanthemums 74 And country girls with lips and nails vermilion Wait, nylon-legged, to straddle on the pillion.
1961 Listener 5 Oct. 498/2 Nylon-geared egg beaters.
1966 Melody Maker 23 July 10/4 His [drum] sticks are..Autocrat nylon-tipped and Japanese Star 7a.
1996 P. Trynka Rock Hardware 138/3 Small-bodied, nylon-strung guitar for classical music.
C2.
nylon dermatitis n. dermatitis caused by contact with nylon; esp. nylon stocking dermatitis n.
ΚΠ
1946 J. V. Sherman & S. L. Sherman New Fibers 56 Cases of so-called ‘nylon dermatitis,’ or ‘an allergy to nylon,’ are attributed to contact with finishing materials.
1954 H. R. Mauersberger in Matthews's Textile Fibers (ed. 6) xviii. 961 Any references to ‘nylon dermatitis’..are distinct misnomers.
1964 Listener 26 Mar. 520/1 Nylon dermatitis and bunions are related to fashions of dress.
nylon salt n. a salt formed by the reaction of hexamethylenediamine (or another diamine) with adipic acid (or another dibasic acid), which can be polymerized to give nylon.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > organic chemistry > salts, esters or anions of organic acids > [noun]
hydrochloride1823
isethionates1838
citraconate1840
adipate1841
anthranilate1841
stearate1841
itaconic acid1842
salicylate1842
oenanthate1845
ammelide1846
pelargonate1848
pelargyl1851
melanuric acid1852
methylate1852
opianyl1852
abietate1853
maleate1853
fulminuric1856
glyoxylate1856
urethane1856
indican1859
oxalyl1859
malonate1862
methacrylate1865
amylate1866
acetoacetate1873
isobutyrate1873
glutamate1876
hydrobromide1877
nicotinate1879
isovalerate1882
calcium gluconate1884
methoxide1885
isophthalate1886
homogentisate1891
naphthenate1899
peracetate1901
iodoacetate1902
glucuronate1904
hydnocarpate1905
thiomalate1905
azide1907
phytate1908
linolenate1909
isocitrate1925
phenylpyruvate1926
monosodium glutamate1929
perester1933
phosphonate1934
polymethacrylate1935
pantothenate1938
phosphoenolpyruvate1941
nylon salt1945
pantoate1945
penicilloate1946
thymidylate1959
chorismate1965
nonanoate1965
neuraminate1970
1945 Industr. Fibres & By-Products 7 53/2 The nylon salt solution is..ready to be made into new nylon polymer.
1964 J. G. Cook Your Guide to Plastics 239 Hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid are reacted together to form a salt, hexamethylene diammonium adipate, or ‘nylon salt’.
1973 Materials & Technol. VI. iv. 322 When the two solutions are mixed together, a mixed compound, usually referred to as ‘nylon salt’, is precipitated.
nylon stocking dermatitis n. contact dermatitis caused by wearing nylon stockings, usually attributable to allergy to a dye or finish used in them.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of visible parts > skin disorders > [noun] > other diseases or conditions
impetigo1398
deadingc1400
St Anthonyc1405
foulness1559
acrochordon1565
foulness1583
heat1597
bleach1601
Anthony's fire1609
desquamation1726
sivvens1762
erythema1778
rupia1813
morula1817
dermalgia1842
mycosis1846
cheloid1854
keloid1854
morule1857
kelis1864
dermatosis1866
epithelioma1872
vagabond's disease1876
vagabond's skin1876
dermatitis1877
erysipeloid1888
Ritter's disease1888
acanthosis nigricans1890
angiokeratoma1891
sunburn1891
porokeratosis1893
acrodermatitis1894
epidermolysis1894
keratolysis1895
dermographism1896
neurodermatitis1896
peau d'orange1896
X-ray dermatitis1897
dermatomyositis1899
papulo-erythema1899
pyodermia1899
tar acne1899
dermographia1900
radiodermatitis1903
poikiloderma1907
neurodermatosis1909
leishmanoid1922
razor burn1924
pyoderma1930
photodermatosis1931
photodermatitis1933
necrobiosis lipoidica1934
pyoderma gangrenosum1936
fassy1943
acrodermatitis enteropathica1945
chicken skin1946
nylon stocking dermatitis1947
Sézary('s) syndrome1953
pigskin1966
washerwoman's skin1981
strimmer rash1984
1947 Jrnl. Investigative Dermatol. 9 207 All the subjects suffering from nylon stocking dermatitis were hypersensitive to azodyes used in the manufacture of the stockings.
1979 Contact Dermatitis 5 163 (title) Nylon stocking dermatitis. An unusual example.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.adj.1938
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