obstaclen.adj.

Brit.

/ˈɒbstəkl/, U.S.

/ˈɑbztək(ə)l/,

/ˈɑbstək(ə)l/

Forms: Middle English obstacull, Middle English obstakel, Middle English obstakil, Middle English obstakill, Middle English obstakle, Middle English obstakyl, Middle English obstakyll, Middle English ostakyl, Middle English–1500s obstacul, Middle English–1500s obstakell, Middle English– obstacle, 1600s obstackell; Scottish pre-1700 obstacile, pre-1700 obstacul, pre-1700 obstacule, pre-1700 obstacull, pre-1700 obstaikle, pre-1700 obstaikyll, pre-1700 obstakil, pre-1700 obstakile, pre-1700 obstakill, pre-1700 obstakle, pre-1700 obstakyle, pre-1700 obstakyll, pre-1700 obstakylle, pre-1700 obstickill, pre-1700 obstickle, pre-1700 obstikelle, pre-1700 1700s– obstacle. N.E.D. (1902) also records forms Middle English obstakele, Middle English ostakil.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French obstacle.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French obstacle thing that stands in the way, hindrance, impediment (c1225 in Old French; also attested in 14th cent. as ostacle ; also in Anglo-Norman as obstakel ; French obstacle ) < classical Latin obstāculum thing that stands in the way, obstruction (2nd cent. a.d.) < obstāre to stand in the way of, obstruct, withstand, resist (see obstant adj.) + -culum -cule suffix; compare -cle suffix.

A. n.

1. Something that stands in the way or that obstructs progress (literal and figurative); a hindrance, impediment, or obstruction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle

hinderc1200

withsetting1340

obstaclec1385

traversea1393

mara1400

bayc1440

stoppagec1450

barrace1480

blocka1500

objecta1500

clog1526

stumbling-stone1526

bar1530

(to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548

stumbling-stock1548

hindrance1576

a log in one's way1579

crossbar1582

log1589

rub1589

threshold1600

scotch1601

dam1602

remora1604

obex1611

obstructiona1616

stumbling-blocka1616

fence1639

affront1642

retardance1645

stick1645

balk1660

obstruent1669

blockade1683

sprun1684

spoke1689

cross cause1696

uncomplaisance1707

barrier1712

obstruct1747

dike1770

abatis1808

underbrush1888

bunker1900

bump1909

sprag1914

hurdle1924

headwind1927

mudhole1933

monkey wrench1937

roadblock1945

c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1787 The god of loue..Agayns his myght ther gayneth none obstacles.

c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1300 And whan he knew that ther was noon obstacle.

R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Mending of Life 107 (MED) Violence he doys to all his lettars, & all ostakyls he byrstis to-gidyr.

1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiii. 72 Maken an obstakell that on the baksyde they be not enuahysshed.

a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvii. 32 I sall ouerpasse the wall, that is obstakil of synn.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 98 Seyng that matrymony ys the only or chefe mean polytyke..we must..study to take away al obstaculys & lettys wych we fynd therto.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 141 That he wald exasperat thame of Ingland..quha already wald haue invadit the Scottis airmie war nocht the greatter obstakill and impediement.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vii. 146 If all obstacles were cut awaie, And that my path were euen to the crown.

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. c The Obstacle the course of the Tide meets with by London-bridge.

1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 55. ⁋1 He should remove the Obstacle which prevented the Use of his Sight.

1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. iii. 52 In Avarice we find many who are no Obstacles to our Pursuits.

1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia xx. 307 The weavil indeed is a formidable obstacle to the cultivation of this grain.

1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. vii. 152 The great table-land presents an obstacle to the migration of species.

1881 H. James Washington Square xiv. 108 To put obstacles in the way of his marrying is to increase my own difficulties.

1911 J. M. Barrie Peter & Wendy xiii. 192 At the first stealthy step forward he discovered an obstacle, the door of Slightly's tree.

1949 Times 31 Jan. 4/6 Business men are tempted to employ ‘contact men’ in an effort to smooth away obstacles.

2002 Wall St. Jrnl. 9 Apr. a26/2 But a big, if puzzling, obstacle is the environmental lobby.

†2. to make obstacle: to offer resistance or opposition; to object or refuse. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)]

to stop one's way1338

contraryc1380

again-laya1382

traversec1400

to make obstaclec1425

warc1460

thwart1519

oppugn1591

oppose1599

oppone1640

throwa1700

antagonize1707

c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 1363 (MED) To-forne his swerd þe durst nat..make noon obstacle.

?a1430 T. Hoccleve Balade to Virgin & Christ l. 112 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 70 Ageyn the feendes wrenches, make obstacle!

1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 898 (MED) My penne also gynnyth make obstacle And lyst no lengere on paper to renne.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xvi. 260 Throu all the land planly thai raid, Thai fand nane that thaim obstakill maid.

c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 9 (MED) Slepe me gan oppresse So ponderously, I cowde make noon obstacle.

1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 25 He mair than the rest maid obstacle.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 126 The French men making obstacle to pay that which I had giuen.

†B. adj. Obstinate, stubborn.

Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective]

starkOE

moodyOE

stithc1000

stidyc1175

stallc1275

harda1382

stubbornc1386

obstinate?1387

throa1400

hard nolleda1425

obstinant?a1425

pertinacec1425

stablec1440

dour1488

unresigned1497

difficultc1503

hard-necked1530

pertinatec1534

obstacle1535

stout-stomached1549

hard-faced1567

stunt1581

hard-headed1583

pertinacious1583

stuntly1583

peremptory1589

stomachous1590

mulish1600

stomachful1600

obstined1606

restive1633

obstinacious1649

opinionated1649

tenacious1656

iron-sided1659

sturdy1664

cat-witted1672

obstinated1672

unyielding1677

ruggish1688

bullet-headed1699

tough1780

pelsy1785

stupid1788

hard-set1818

thick and thin1822

stuntya1825

rigwiddie1826

indomitable1830

recalcitrant1830

set1848

mule-headed1870

muley1871

capitose1881

hard-nosed1917

tight1928

1535 Will of Stevyn Humbell (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/25) f. 285^v Yf they or any of them be obstakell & roune away.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 17 Fye Ione, that thou wilt be so obstacle .

Compounds

obstacle course n. an area, used for military or similar training or for obstacle races, containing an assortment of obstacles to be negotiated; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > place for training > obstacle course

obstacle course1942

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > other foot races

smock-race1707

broose1786

smock-racing1790

sack running1801

torch-race1812

torch-course1839

sack race1859

potato race1865

obstacle race1869

three-legged race1876

mud run1888

egg-and-spoon race1894

cross-country1905

obstacle course1942

runathon1943

pancake race1951

fun run1960

fun running1966

1942 Fortune Nov. 181/1 The camp's obstacle course, which the soldiers call ‘the man-killer,’ makes the course in some camps look like setting-up exercises in the village Y.

1977 New Yorker 27 June 26/1 Then he picked two miracles attributed..to Neumann..and started them over what Father Litz called the Vatican obstacle course.

1994 Harrowsmith June 49/1 The dog must gather the sheep and drive them through a triangular obstacle course.

obstacle race n. [ N.E.D. (1902) notes, with reference to quot. 1869, that ‘Mr. Walter Rye (late Hon. Sec. Lond. Athl. C.) informs us that this was the occasion of the introduction of the term, he having then invented it’] a race in which competitors have to negotiate a series of obstructions; also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > other foot races

smock-race1707

broose1786

smock-racing1790

sack running1801

torch-race1812

torch-course1839

sack race1859

potato race1865

obstacle race1869

three-legged race1876

mud run1888

egg-and-spoon race1894

cross-country1905

obstacle course1942

runathon1943

pancake race1951

fun run1960

fun running1966

1869 Sporting Life 17 Mar. 4/2 Among the races on the [Thames Club] programme was one of a character entirely new to the athletic world, viz. an ‘Obstacle Race’.

1888 H. Pottinger in Fortn. Rev. Jan. 93 For some time he [sc. the elk] becomes engaged in a terrible obstacle-race and makes little progress.

1916 in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) vii. 155 They were most amusing sports—mule races, pillow fights, obstacle races etc.

1972 Guardian 11 Mar. 13/1 The standard yardstick for these ski-tourers and ski-mountaineers has been..a mountain obstacle race between..Chamonix, and Zermatt.

Derivatives

† obstacleness n. Obsolete rare obstinacy.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun]

obstination?1387

pertinacyc1390

obstinacya1393

thronessa1400

stubbornnessc1440

obstinance?a1475

durenessc1480

pertinacity?1504

stomacha1513

stiffness1526

tenacity1526

persistence1546

obstacleness1548

obstinateness1561

stiffneckedness1570

self-mindedness1574

intractability1579

persistency1600

obstinancy1614

contumacy1619

stomachfulness1621

tenaciousness1642

pertinaciousness1651

irresignation1657

peremptoriness1747

mulishness1763

strongheadedness1793

dourness1794

unmovableness1818

stoutheartedness1826

bullet-headednessa1849

stalwartism1879

camelishness1883

thick and thin1884

stupidity1886

jusqu'auboutisme1917

die-hardism1922

obstinative-

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark ix. f. 63^v O faythlesse nacion..Howe long shall I..striue with youre vnfaythfull obstaclenesse [L. pertinacia]?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	obstacle
释义	obstaclen.adj. Brit. /ˈɒbstəkl/, U.S. /ˈɑbztək(ə)l/, /ˈɑbstək(ə)l/ Forms: Middle English obstacull, Middle English obstakel, Middle English obstakil, Middle English obstakill, Middle English obstakle, Middle English obstakyl, Middle English obstakyll, Middle English ostakyl, Middle English–1500s obstacul, Middle English–1500s obstakell, Middle English– obstacle, 1600s obstackell; Scottish pre-1700 obstacile, pre-1700 obstacul, pre-1700 obstacule, pre-1700 obstacull, pre-1700 obstaikle, pre-1700 obstaikyll, pre-1700 obstakil, pre-1700 obstakile, pre-1700 obstakill, pre-1700 obstakle, pre-1700 obstakyle, pre-1700 obstakyll, pre-1700 obstakylle, pre-1700 obstickill, pre-1700 obstickle, pre-1700 obstikelle, pre-1700 1700s– obstacle. N.E.D. (1902) also records forms Middle English obstakele, Middle English ostakil. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French obstacle. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French obstacle thing that stands in the way, hindrance, impediment (c1225 in Old French; also attested in 14th cent. as ostacle ; also in Anglo-Norman as obstakel ; French obstacle ) < classical Latin obstāculum thing that stands in the way, obstruction (2nd cent. a.d.) < obstāre to stand in the way of, obstruct, withstand, resist (see obstant adj.) + -culum -cule suffix; compare -cle suffix. A. n. 1. Something that stands in the way or that obstructs progress (literal and figurative); a hindrance, impediment, or obstruction. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > [noun] > one who or that which hinders > a hindrance, impediment, or obstacle hinderc1200 withsetting1340 obstaclec1385 traversea1393 mara1400 bayc1440 stoppagec1450 barrace1480 blocka1500 objecta1500 clog1526 stumbling-stone1526 bar1530 (to cast) a trump in (one's) way1548 stumbling-stock1548 hindrance1576 a log in one's way1579 crossbar1582 log1589 rub1589 threshold1600 scotch1601 dam1602 remora1604 obex1611 obstructiona1616 stumbling-blocka1616 fence1639 affront1642 retardance1645 stick1645 balk1660 obstruent1669 blockade1683 sprun1684 spoke1689 cross cause1696 uncomplaisance1707 barrier1712 obstruct1747 dike1770 abatis1808 underbrush1888 bunker1900 bump1909 sprag1914 hurdle1924 headwind1927 mudhole1933 monkey wrench1937 roadblock1945 c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 1787 The god of loue..Agayns his myght ther gayneth none obstacles. c1395 G. Chaucer Franklin's Tale 1300 And whan he knew that ther was noon obstacle. R. Misyn tr. R. Rolle Mending of Life 107 (MED) Violence he doys to all his lettars, & all ostakyls he byrstis to-gidyr. 1489 W. Caxton tr. C. de Pisan Bk. Fayttes of Armes i. xxiii. 72 Maken an obstakell that on the baksyde they be not enuahysshed. a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) xvii. 32 I sall ouerpasse the wall, that is obstakil of synn. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 98 Seyng that matrymony ys the only or chefe mean polytyke..we must..study to take away al obstaculys & lettys wych we fynd therto. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 141 That he wald exasperat thame of Ingland..quha already wald haue invadit the Scottis airmie war nocht the greatter obstakill and impediement. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III iii. vii. 146 If all obstacles were cut awaie, And that my path were euen to the crown. View more context for this quotation 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions p. c The Obstacle the course of the Tide meets with by London-bridge. 1709 R. Steele Tatler No. 55. ⁋1 He should remove the Obstacle which prevented the Use of his Sight. 1742 H. Fielding Joseph Andrews II. iii. iii. 52 In Avarice we find many who are no Obstacles to our Pursuits. View more context for this quotation 1785 T. Jefferson Notes Virginia xx. 307 The weavil indeed is a formidable obstacle to the cultivation of this grain. 1839 C. Darwin in R. Fitzroy & C. Darwin Narr. Surv. Voy. H.M.S. Adventure & Beagle III. vii. 152 The great table-land presents an obstacle to the migration of species. 1881 H. James Washington Square xiv. 108 To put obstacles in the way of his marrying is to increase my own difficulties. 1911 J. M. Barrie Peter & Wendy xiii. 192 At the first stealthy step forward he discovered an obstacle, the door of Slightly's tree. 1949 Times 31 Jan. 4/6 Business men are tempted to employ ‘contact men’ in an effort to smooth away obstacles. 2002 Wall St. Jrnl. 9 Apr. a26/2 But a big, if puzzling, obstacle is the environmental lobby. †2. to make obstacle: to offer resistance or opposition; to object or refuse. Chiefly Scottish in later use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > opposition > oppose [verb (intransitive)] to stop one's way1338 contraryc1380 again-laya1382 traversec1400 to make obstaclec1425 warc1460 thwart1519 oppugn1591 oppose1599 oppone1640 throwa1700 antagonize1707 c1425 J. Lydgate Troyyes Bk. (Augustus A.iv) iii. 1363 (MED) To-forne his swerd þe durst nat..make noon obstacle. ?a1430 T. Hoccleve Balade to Virgin & Christ l. 112 in Minor Poems (1970) i. 70 Ageyn the feendes wrenches, make obstacle! 1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 898 (MED) My penne also gynnyth make obstacle And lyst no lengere on paper to renne. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) xvi. 260 Throu all the land planly thai raid, Thai fand nane that thaim obstakill maid. c1500 (?a1475) Assembly of Gods (1896) 9 (MED) Slepe me gan oppresse So ponderously, I cowde make noon obstacle. 1563 N. Winȝet Certain Tractates (1890) II. 25 He mair than the rest maid obstacle. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. iii. 126 The French men making obstacle to pay that which I had giuen. †B. adj. Obstinate, stubborn. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] starkOE moodyOE stithc1000 stidyc1175 stallc1275 harda1382 stubbornc1386 obstinate?1387 throa1400 hard nolleda1425 obstinant?a1425 pertinacec1425 stablec1440 dour1488 unresigned1497 difficultc1503 hard-necked1530 pertinatec1534 obstacle1535 stout-stomached1549 hard-faced1567 stunt1581 hard-headed1583 pertinacious1583 stuntly1583 peremptory1589 stomachous1590 mulish1600 stomachful1600 obstined1606 restive1633 obstinacious1649 opinionated1649 tenacious1656 iron-sided1659 sturdy1664 cat-witted1672 obstinated1672 unyielding1677 ruggish1688 bullet-headed1699 tough1780 pelsy1785 stupid1788 hard-set1818 thick and thin1822 stuntya1825 rigwiddie1826 indomitable1830 recalcitrant1830 set1848 mule-headed1870 muley1871 capitose1881 hard-nosed1917 tight1928 1535 Will of Stevyn Humbell (P.R.O.: PROB. 11/25) f. 285^v Yf they or any of them be obstakell & roune away. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 1 (1623) v. vi. 17 Fye Ione, that thou wilt be so obstacle . View more context for this quotation Compounds obstacle course n. an area, used for military or similar training or for obstacle races, containing an assortment of obstacles to be negotiated; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > drill or training > [noun] > place for training > obstacle course obstacle course1942 society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > other foot races smock-race1707 broose1786 smock-racing1790 sack running1801 torch-race1812 torch-course1839 sack race1859 potato race1865 obstacle race1869 three-legged race1876 mud run1888 egg-and-spoon race1894 cross-country1905 obstacle course1942 runathon1943 pancake race1951 fun run1960 fun running1966 1942 Fortune Nov. 181/1 The camp's obstacle course, which the soldiers call ‘the man-killer,’ makes the course in some camps look like setting-up exercises in the village Y. 1977 New Yorker 27 June 26/1 Then he picked two miracles attributed..to Neumann..and started them over what Father Litz called the Vatican obstacle course. 1994 Harrowsmith June 49/1 The dog must gather the sheep and drive them through a triangular obstacle course. obstacle race n. [ N.E.D. (1902) notes, with reference to quot. 1869, that ‘Mr. Walter Rye (late Hon. Sec. Lond. Athl. C.) informs us that this was the occasion of the introduction of the term, he having then invented it’] a race in which competitors have to negotiate a series of obstructions; also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > racing or race > racing on foot > [noun] > other foot races smock-race1707 broose1786 smock-racing1790 sack running1801 torch-race1812 torch-course1839 sack race1859 potato race1865 obstacle race1869 three-legged race1876 mud run1888 egg-and-spoon race1894 cross-country1905 obstacle course1942 runathon1943 pancake race1951 fun run1960 fun running1966 1869 Sporting Life 17 Mar. 4/2 Among the races on the [Thames Club] programme was one of a character entirely new to the athletic world, viz. an ‘Obstacle Race’. 1888 H. Pottinger in Fortn. Rev. Jan. 93 For some time he [sc. the elk] becomes engaged in a terrible obstacle-race and makes little progress. 1916 in W. S. Churchill & C. S. Churchill Speaking for Themselves (1999) vii. 155 They were most amusing sports—mule races, pillow fights, obstacle races etc. 1972 Guardian 11 Mar. 13/1 The standard yardstick for these ski-tourers and ski-mountaineers has been..a mountain obstacle race between..Chamonix, and Zermatt. Derivatives † obstacleness n. Obsolete rare obstinacy. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] obstination?1387 pertinacyc1390 obstinacya1393 thronessa1400 stubbornnessc1440 obstinance?a1475 durenessc1480 pertinacity?1504 stomacha1513 stiffness1526 tenacity1526 persistence1546 obstacleness1548 obstinateness1561 stiffneckedness1570 self-mindedness1574 intractability1579 persistency1600 obstinancy1614 contumacy1619 stomachfulness1621 tenaciousness1642 pertinaciousness1651 irresignation1657 peremptoriness1747 mulishness1763 strongheadedness1793 dourness1794 unmovableness1818 stoutheartedness1826 bullet-headednessa1849 stalwartism1879 camelishness1883 thick and thin1884 stupidity1886 jusqu'auboutisme1917 die-hardism1922 obstinative- 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Mark ix. f. 63^v O faythlesse nacion..Howe long shall I..striue with youre vnfaythfull obstaclenesse [L. pertinacia]? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † obstaclev. Forms: 1600s 1800s obstacle; also Scottish pre-1700 obstaikyll. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: obstacle n. Etymology: < obstacle n. Compare French †obstacler (early 17th cent.). Obsolete. rare. transitive. To place obstacles or difficulties in the way of. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > difficulty > hindrance > hinder [verb (transitive)] letc888 shrenchc897 forstanda1000 amarOE disturbc1290 impeachc1380 stopc1380 withstandc1385 hinder1413 accloy1422 hindc1426 to hold abackc1440 appeachc1460 impeditec1535 inhibit1535 obstacle1538 damp1548 trip1548 embarrass1578 dam1582 to clip the wings ofa1593 unhelp1598 uppen1600 straiten1607 rub1608 impediment1610 impedea1616 to put out1616 to put off1631 scote1642 obstruct1645 incommodiate1650 offend1651 sufflaminate1656 hindrance1664 disassist1671 clog1679 muzzle1706 squeeze1804 to take the wind out of the sails of1822 throttle1825 block1844 overslaugh1853 snag1863 gum1901 slow-walk1965 1538 in J. Imrie et al. Burgh Court Bk. Selkirk (1960) 194 [If the said Mungo be] obstaikyllit [the said Thomas obliges himself to pay, etc.]. 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 18 Let not the passions of..love or hate obstacle ingenious judgement. 1656 S. Hunton Golden Law 64 Solomon also opprest the People so,..as it obstacled his son Rehoboams Kinging. 1889 E. V. Talbot Diary of Ann Page in Voice (N.Y.) 24 Oct. Alack! that our pleasant friendship..should have been so soon obstacled. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2004; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.adj.c1385v.1538
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obstaclen.adj.

Compounds

Derivatives

† obstaclev.