batteryn.

Brit.

/ˈbat(ə)ri/, U.S.

/ˈbædəri/

Forms: 1500s batry, batterye, batre(e, batery, 1500s–1600s battrie, battry(e, batterie, 1500s– battery.

Etymology: < French batterie (13th cent.) ‘beating, battering, a group of cannon’, etc. (= Provençal bataria , Spanish batería , Italian battería ), < battre to beat: see -ery suffix.

I. Senses relating to the action of beating.

1. The action of beating or battering.

a. An assailing with blows: spec. in Law, an unlawful attack upon another by beating or wounding, including technically the slightest touching of another's person or clothes in a menacing manner.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > unlawful violence > assault

assault1447

battery1531

striking1541

tusslement1597

tussle1629

common assault1743

1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. i. sig. Xviii Intermedlynge..Sometyme..is violent, as batry [1557 batrye], open murdre.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. i. 33 Ile haue an action of Battery against him.

1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. ii. 9 Charged with a Battery by a much stouter Man than himself.

1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 127 Murder, to say nothing of assault and battery, has been..an everyday matter.

†b. A mark of beating; a wound or bruise. Obsolete.

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the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > bruise

brusurea1375

frousshure1477

bruise1533

wan1533

battering1558

squat1578

intuse1590

battery1594

crush1601

contusiona1616

sugillation1623

mishanter1754

stone bruise1805

rainbow1810

birze1818

pound1862

strawberry1921

1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. D^v For where a heart is hard they make no battry.

1639 J. Mayne City Match i. iv, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XIII. 218 Lets feel: No batteries in thy head, to signify Th' art a constable.

†2. The beating of drums; sometimes a particular kind of drum-beat, perhaps that giving the signal for an assault. Obsolete.

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society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > beating drum > [noun]

taboringa1400

drumming1541

battery1591

tucking1632

beating1656

stickwork1786

1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 118 The most fit and apt time..ought to be shewed by..stroke or batterie of drums to the footemen.

1625 G. Markham Souldiers Accidence 16 The Drum doth beat..a Call, a March, a Troope, a Battalia, a Charge, a Retrait, a Batterie, a Reliefe.

†3.

a. A succession of heavy blows inflicted upon the walls of a city or fortress by means of artillery; bombardment. to plant battery: to prepare for such an attack. to lay battery to: to carry it into execution. to change one's battery: to change the direction of attack. Obsolete exc. figurative.

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > [noun] > bombardment

battery1548

cannonade1562

cannonading1637

bombarding1687

bomb battery1695

bombardment1702

cannon fire1725

bombard1807

shelling1860

hate1915

barrage1916

box barrage1916

creeping barrage1916

area bombardment1918

area shoot1919

shoot1941

stonk1944

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard

ding1548

to lay battery to1548

cannon1567

thunder1590

cannonade1637

bombard1686

bomb1694

shell1827

plonk1874

plaster1914

bump1915

labour1915

water1915

barragea1917

paste1942

stonk1944

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxix^v The battery of the walles discorages vs not.

1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 25 Planting battrie to my fort.

1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 304 He laid battrie to the wall foure daies.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 656 By Batterie, Scale, and Mine, Assaulting.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. ix. 275 The most violent battery would have weaken'd their walls.

b. transferred or figurative.

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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words

bruntc1425

assaultc1449

battery1562

onset1566

brash1573

breach1578

onslaught1613

onfall1646

attack1653

assay?1705

to return to the charge1752

arietation1797

set-to1808

set1829

dead set1835

go-in1858

on-ding1871

hatchet work1938

blitzkrieg1939

blitz1940

carpet bombing1956

bowling1959

1562 J. Veron (title) A Strong Battery against the Idolatrous Inuocation of the Dead Saintes.

1640 Ld. Digby Speech Parl. 9 Nov. 4 Mischiefs which have..layed battery either to our Estates or Consciences.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 3 The scaling of the swelling Surges, and constant Battery of the Tide.

1865 G. Grote Plato I. xix. 559 Plato..changes his battery, and says something against these enemies.

†c. battery piece or piece of battery: a siege gun.

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > siege-piece

piece of battery1570

siege-piece1801

siege-gun1858

1570 Sir R. Constable in Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1838) I. 509 With three battery pieces..went to the siege of Hume.

1648 N. Ward To Parl. at Westm. 18 Was it ill done to fill the Tower, with..great pieces of battery?

II. The apparatus used in battering or beating.

a. A number of pieces of artillery placed in juxtaposition for combined action; in Military use, the smallest division of artillery for tactical purposes (corresponding to a company of infantry).Technically, including also the artillerymen who work the guns, the drivers, and horses. In horse batteries, the gunners are carried partly on the carriages and partly on horses, in field batteries wholly on the carriages; garrison batteries are bodies of artillerymen serving heavy guns in forts or coast batteries.

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society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > battery

battery1555

counter-battery1603

swallow's nest1604

field battery1742

radeau1753

guns en barbette1772

half-moon battery1794

sap battery1810

sunken battery1817

screw battery1848

wool-battery1852

masked battery1861

mountain battery1868

machine-gun battery1882

society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > artillery-company > part of

battery1861

subsection1907

1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xi. 246 To plante bateries, make Ladders, and suche other thinges necessarie for the siege.

1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. viii. 163 He will begin to work his batteries.

1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) II. 286 You will have a breaching battery of two 18 pounders and one 12 pounder.

1861 Man. Artill. Exerc. 102 The centre battery halts when the rear battery wheels to the left.

b. figurative, esp. in to turn any one's battery against himself.

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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > source of ability or power to attack

to turn any one's battery against himself1581

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 82 b Three wordes onely may suffice to overthrow the whole Battrye of these three Invectives.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 78 The fellow who accused him, has had his own battery turned upon himself.

1823 C. Lamb On Acting of Munden in Elia 339 You think he has exhausted his battery of looks.

c. In baseball, applied to the pitcher and catcher (originally used of the pitcher alone). Also attributive. U.S.

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society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball player > [noun] > pitcher and catcher

battery1867

1867 Ball Players' Chron. 6 June 2/2 He soon resumed his position, once more facing the battery of Lovett.

1886 H. Chadwick Art of Pitching & Fielding 8 The ‘battery’ of a club's team, that is the pitcher and catcher.

1897 Daily News 29 July 9/2 So good was the fielding and battery work..that no scoring took place.

1967 Boston Sunday Herald 14 May ii. 5/1 Pitcher Ed McGrath went the distance and battery mate, Tony Carderelli, drove in four runs in the Boston State victory.

a. The platform or fortified work, on or within which artillery is mounted (sometimes including the guns or mortars there mounted).

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society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > firing platform for artillery

platform1535

battery1590

terreplein1591

barbette1823

1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H5^v The bringing of our ordinance..into the battery.

1688 London Gaz. No. 2378/3 We had finished a Battery of three Mortars.

1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Hh2 Those [sc. guns] on the lower battery are 32 pounders.

1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VI. 346 The batteries and works erecting at Cadiz.

1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. iv. 70 She continued her destructive fire..from the main deck battery.

b. transferred or figurative.

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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > that with or from which one attacks

battery1581

1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius Before you had raysed your Battrye agaynst Luther.

1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iii. 89 These [burning] mountains are as so many batteries, planted by Providence in several parts of the earth.

1692 R. Bentley Confut. Atheism from Struct. & Origin Humane Bodies: Pt. II 6 The Towers and Batteries that the Atheists have raised against Heaven.

c. An oblong box or boat submerged to the brim, used in wildfowl shooting; = sink n.¹ 14. Also attributive, as battery-gunner, battery-shooting. U.S.

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the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > [noun] > place to shoot from

standa1425

standinga1425

batterya1841

shooting-hole1850

butt1880

box1884

a1841 ‘J. Cypress, Jr.’ Sporting Scenes (1842) I. 198 A machine, or battery, is a wooden box of the necessary dimensions to let a man lie down upon his back, just tightly fitting enough to let him rise again.

1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Battery, a sort of boat used for duck-shooting... It is also called..a Surface-boat, Sink, or Box.

1866 Game Laws Va. in Fur, Fin & Feather (1872) 144 Any person shooting or using a skiff, box or battery while hunting wild fowl.

1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting 71 I shall describe that in reference to battery-shooting.

1875 Fur, Fin & Feather 120 But this is nothing to the numbers slain by the battery; and we have known one battery to kill over three hundred fowl in a tide.

1875 Fur, Fin & Feather 122 The battery gunner..has a great advantage over the fowler who shoots from the shore.

1885 Forest & Stream 1 Jan. 441 One of the commonest and most successful methods of killing fowl along the seaboard is from batteries.

1885 Forest & Stream 1 Jan. 441 Some plan of action by which battery-shooting could be wholly done away with.

6. Phrases and locutions. battery-wagon: one in which are carried tools and materials for repair of the battery. cross batteries: two batteries playing upon the same point from different directions. enfilading battery: one which sweeps the whole line attacked. floating battery: a heavily armed and armoured vessel intended for bombarding fortresses. in battery: (a gun) projecting in readiness for firing through an embrasure or over a parapet. masked battery: one screened from the enemy's view by natural or artificial obstacles. out of or from battery: (a gun) withdrawn for the purpose of loading.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [adverb] > projecting over parapet

in battery1813

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words > concealed attack

masked battery1861

society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > battery

battery1555

counter-battery1603

swallow's nest1604

field battery1742

radeau1753

guns en barbette1772

half-moon battery1794

sap battery1810

sunken battery1817

screw battery1848

wool-battery1852

masked battery1861

mountain battery1868

machine-gun battery1882

1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 487 On what days did you disembark the artillery?.. On what days did you put them in battery?

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. v. 65 Wondrous leather-roofed Floating-batteries,..give gallant summons: to which,..Gibraltar answers Plutonically.

1861 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem III. clxxvii. 214 Do not go probing for ‘masked batteries’ to run your heads against.

7. Mining. The set of stamps, usually five in number, that work in one ‘mortar’ of a stamp-mill.

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society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for treating ores > [noun] > for crushing ore > stamp > series of

battery1853

stamp-battery1875

1853 Harper's Mag. Apr. 578/2 Openings in this opposite each cover or battery of stamps.

1861 J. S. Hittell Mining in Pacific States 160 In the Sierra Buttes mills two-thirds of the gold is caught in the batteries.

1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xxxvi. 252 These [six rods] rose and fell, one after the other,..in an iron box called a ‘battery’... One of us stood by the battery all day long.

1881 S. Jennings Visit Gold Fields Wynaad viii. 69 Eight batteries of five gravitation stamps each.

1884 Cent. Mag. 27 923 Batteries, where the quartz is pounded into white mud.

8. Dyeing. (See quots.)

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the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > [noun] > equipment used

litting-lead1485–6

vat1548

battery1737

deviling1737

winch1740

shaker1791

pastel-vat1838

wince1839

wincing-machine1839

tin-vat1865

jigger1893

jig1942

1737 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 3) at Anil The second [vat] is called the Battery..It is in the second that they agitate and beat this Water impregnated and loaded with the Salts of the plant [Indigo].

1815 Encycl. Brit. X. 287/2 A battery, consisting of a kettle, containing water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid.

III. (From sense 4.) A combination of simple instruments, usually to produce a compound instrument of increased power; applied originally with a reference to the discharge of electricity from such a combination.

9. An apparatus consisting of a number of Leyden jars so connected that they may be charged and discharged simultaneously.

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the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored

aumbry1356

promptuary?a1425

repository1485

staple1523

magazine1583

reposement1592

repertory1593

rendezvous1608

reserve1612

conservatory1624

reconditory1633

dormerc1640

stowagea1641

depositum1646

repositary1650

magazine storehousea1654

deposit1719

reservoir1739

battery1748

depository1750

storage1775

depot1795

depositary1797

repertorium1797

rua1831

stowaway1913

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > consisting of leyden jars

battery1748

1748 B. Franklin Let. in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 26 An electrical battery, consisting of eleven panes of large sash-glass, arm'd with thin leaden plates.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 340 When a number of Jars are thus connected it is called a battery.

figurative.1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. x, in Fraser's Mag. Aug. 189/2 Till your whole vital Electricity..is cut into two isolated portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger); and stands there bottled up in two World-Batteries!

10. An apparatus consisting of a series of cells, each containing the essentials for producing voltaic electricity, connected together. Also used of any such apparatus for producing voltaic electricity, whether of one cell or more.

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the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun]

electric battery1774

pile1800

battery1801

trough1806

voltaic battery1812

voltaic pile1812

magnetomotor1823

trough battery1841

gas battery1843

gravity battery1870

sand-battery1873

Bunsen battery1879

gravitation battery1883

magazine batterya1884

perfluent batterya1884

1801 Sir H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 400 The third and most powerful class of Galvanic batteries..is formed, when metallic substances, oxidable in acids..are connected, as plates, with oxidating fluids.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 162 Zinc, copper, and nitric acid form a powerful battery.

c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 190/1 No arrangement equals Grove's platina battery.

11. Optics. A combined series of lenses or prisms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > series of lenses

triplet1837

battery1867

1867–77 G. F. Chambers Descriptive Astron. An eye-piece..intermediate between the 1st and 2nd of the ‘battery.’

1879 H. W. Warren Recreations in Astron. iii. 49 The best instruments pass the beam of light through a series of prisms called a battery.

12.

a. Apparatus for preparing or serving meals. Also batterie de cuisine (see batterie n. 2).

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun]

kitchenware1612

kitchen trade1693

batterie de cuisine1773

battery1819

kitchenry1845

mess kit1854

kitchenalia1924

1819 A. Rees Cycl. III. at Battery Some make battery for the kitchen, batterie de cuisine, comprehend all utensils for the service of the kitchen, whether of iron, brass, copper, or other matters.

1883 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Apr. 695/1 Our tea battery came in.

1884 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Aug. 334/2 The feasting batteries of the..guilds.

b. A set of pans used in sugar-boiling.

ΚΠ

1833 B. Silliman Man. Sugar Cane 33 The largest [kettle] is called the grande..and the last the battery.

1886 Harper's Mag. June 80/2 These processes..are effected by what is known as a ‘battery’ of open pans or ‘taches’.

13.

a. Used gen. for a collection of similar pieces of apparatus grouped together as a set (see quots.).

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the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > equipment for any action or undertaking > a device or contrivance > set of

companion1843

kit1859

battery1885

instrumentarium1893

1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 163/2 The earliest and crudest system of evaporation was the ‘copper wall’, or ‘battery’ of open pans called ‘teaches’ (taches, tayches, &c.).

1911 D. S. Hulfish Cycl. Motion-pict. Work II. 137 The remaining proportion of light may be supplied by lighting a partial battery of lamps.

1920 Sci. Amer. 2 Oct. 346 (caption) A battery of projectors and a stereopticon machine in the operator's booth of a leading motion-picture theatre.

1931 Economist 25 Apr. 888/2 There are batteries of forty looms each.

1958 Engineering 18 Apr. 509/1 When the Coal Board took over there were 45 ovens..in two batteries of 15 and 30.

b. A series of psychological or clinical tests.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > series of tests

battery1921

1921 Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. XV. ii. ii. 316 If a test correlated almost perfectly with some other test in the battery, it could be omitted without loss.

1928 K. J. Holzinger Statist. Methods in Educ. xv. 310 The writers..eliminate certain tests..and thus obtain a shorter and possibly as good a test with unweighted items as with the whole battery.

1930 K. J. Holzinger Statist. Resumé Spearman Two-factor Theory 42 Two arithmetic tests or two opposite tests should not be used in a given battery.

1940 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Apr. 358 This is the estimated reliability of the battery formed by the straight sum of its constituent tests.

1961 Lancet 26 Aug. 487/1 I also heartily endorse his call for a refinement in the constituent subtests of psychological batteries.

c. A series of hutches, cages, or nesting-boxes in which laying hens are confined for intensive laying or poultry reared and fattened. Later extended to denote accommodation for fattening cattle; frequently attributive, as battery hen, battery system.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > [noun] > enclosure for poultry > laying house, hatchery, etc.

rearing house1824

sitting room1850

hatchery1857

brooding-room1884

eggery1910

laying house1913

battery1931

1931 G. W. Wrentmore Battery Syst. Poultry Keeping 27 The system is best carried out with birds that have been in Batteries from the start.

1931 G. W. Wrentmore Battery Syst. Poultry Keeping 27 The battery is commenced at a temperature of 90–94 degrees and gradually lowered to a temperature of about 65 degrees as the size of the chicks increases.

1938 Reader's Digest Mar. 93/1 The smallest complete battery..fills a 14-by-20-foot space.

1940 N. Mitford Pigeon Pie ix. 138 Those raising hens on the battery system.

1953 A. Watkyn For Better, For Worse ii. i It ain't right to ask 'uman beings to live like Battery Hens.

1958 Observer 19 Oct. 17/4 They [sc. geese] defy horrible human plans to mass-produce in battery and deep scratch.

1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 78/1 We are going to hear more of battery beef.

1960 News Chron. 8 June 4/4 The broiler battery..may be good business, but is..revolting.

1961 Guardian 17 May 3/5 It was doubtful if..battery eggs were less nutritious than other eggs.

IV. Senses relating to beaten metal.

14. Metal, or articles of metal, especially of brass or copper, wrought by hammering.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > product of > made by hammering

batteryc1503

batter1567

kettle-fats1812

c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxvi/1 Batery for the bale xij.d.

1577 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 414 ij panes of battrye weyinge xvlb.

1742 H. Hines Specif. Patent 462 Raising copper battery cold in common battery mills.

1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 107 Black Latten..and Battery... This last is known by the dint of the mill-hammers upon the kettles.

attributive.1592 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 252 Kettell of battre mettell.1802 A. Rees Cycl. (at cited word) Battery-works include pots, saucepans, kettles..which though cast at first, are to be afterwards hammered or beaten into form.1885 Birmhm. Directory The Birmingham Battery and Metal Company.

V. [Compare Old French baterie ‘sorte de rempart’ (Godefroy); ? an extension of 5; or can it be related to batter v.² ?]

15. An embankment.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > embanking > an embankment

wharf10..

mounding1691

banking1776

sunka1784

embankment1786

battery1799

fill1850

earth fill1877

1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 276 A battery of stone, to join another island to the main land.

1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 156 The expense of cuts and batteries (since called cuttings and embankments) on the different..lines.

16. Mining.

a. A bulkhead of timber.

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 106 Battery,..2. A bulkhead of timber.

b. The plank closing the bottom of a coal-chute. Raymond Mining Gloss. 1881.

ΚΠ

1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 106 Battery,..3. The plank closing the bottom of a coal-chute.

17. [ < French batterie; compare batterie n. 3] The percussion section of an orchestra.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > [noun] > collectively

percussion1889

trap1903

battery1926

kitchen1928

kit1929

batterie1934

1926 P. Whiteman & M. M. McBride Jazz ix. 197 The battery of an orchestra includes so many instruments... Perhaps the most important instruments of the battery are the timpani or kettle drums.

1955 R. Blesh Shining Trumpets (ed. 3) ii. 30 A part of the rhythm is kept separate in drum battery.

1960 Times 23 June 17/3 A percussion player..proceeded to exploit a battery including cowbells and finger-cymbals.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

battery-receiver n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver > types of

crystal receiver1910

heterodyne1915

self-heterodyne1915

crystal set1921

crystal radio1922

superheterodyne1922

superhet1924

battery-receiver1928

battery-set1930

mobile unit1961

1928 Wireless World 5 Dec. 754/3 A battery-receiver unit... The H.T. battery can therefore be adapted to serve as the actual receiver, by incorporating in it the necessary coupling unit.

battery-set n.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver > types of

crystal receiver1910

heterodyne1915

self-heterodyne1915

crystal set1921

crystal radio1922

superheterodyne1922

superhet1924

battery-receiver1928

battery-set1930

mobile unit1961

1930 Wireless World 16 July 71/3 (heading) An Ambitious Battery Set.

1933 Boy's Mag. 47 135/2 The Class ‘B’ valve..is of great importance to users of battery sets.

battery-unit n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > pack of

battery-unit1939

1939 War Illustr. 9 Dec. p. ii/3 This trade, which consists in selling torches that are loaded with worn-out battery-units from wireless sets.

1958 Newnes Compl. Amateur Photogr. x. 112 A flashgun consists of a socket to hold the flashbulb, a case to contain the battery unit and a reflector.

C2.

battery-operated adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [adjective] > powered by a battery

cordless1906

battery-operated1930

battery-powered1957

1930 Wireless World 11 June 601/1 Few battery-operated portables consume more than the economical limit of 10 mA.

1964 T. L. Kinsey Audio-typing & Electr. Typewriters iii. 16 Battery-operated machines are also available.

battery-powered adj.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [adjective] > powered by a battery

cordless1906

battery-operated1930

battery-powered1957

1957 BBC Handbk. 52 Small self-contained battery-powered tape recorders.

C3.

battery eliminator n. a device incorporating a rectifier which enables a radio set or other apparatus to work using the mains or other alternating electricity supply, eliminating the need for a battery.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > apparatus which eliminates need for a battery

battery eliminator1924

1924 Lima (Ohio) News 26 Sept. 7/3 The New York Radio World's fair was quite interesting... The outstanding feature seemed to be the different battery eliminators or devices by which the radio receivers can be operated direct from the commercial current supply.

1952 Pop. Mech. Sept. 212 Only a few adjustments of the components are required to use this battery eliminator with most portables, farm sets, or civil-defense communications receivers.

2002 P. Miles Robot Sumo ix. 182 All ESCs [= electronic speed controls] have a battery eliminator circuit (BEC) that can be used to supply power to other electronics.

Draft additions October 2011

battery acid n. dilute sulphuric acid as used in a lead-acid cell as the electrolyte.

ΚΠ

1835 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 125 269 (heading) Nature and strength of the battery acid.

1905 School Sci. & Math. 5 272 The battery acid consists of 30 parts sulphuric acid by weight and 70 parts distilled water.

1933 Pop. Sci. Monthly Mar. 62 (caption) ‘Smells like battery acid, to me,’ he added after a moment.

2008 New Scientist 15 Nov. 7/2 In the past month, tracts of wetland at the mouth of the Murray have become as corrosive as battery acid.

Draft additions October 2011

battery charger n. a device which recharges batteries by passing an electric current through them.

ΚΠ

1861 W. S. Harris in Proc. Royal Soc. 1860–2 11 252 The instruments employed..consist of the electrical or Leyden jar; Lane's improved electrometer; the hydrostatic electrometer as recently perfected; the thermo-electrometer; quantity or unit-measure; and battery charger and discharger.

1935 A. R. Nilson & J. L. Hornung Pract. Radio Communication xv. 710 The Tungar battery charger..is a device for charging storage batteries from an alternating-current line.

1990 Managem. Computing Nov. 52/2 Battery-powered laptops now come with intelligent battery chargers.

2005 Disability Now May 45/1 (advt.) Electrically Powered Wheelchair, with battery charger and kerb climber.

Draft additions October 2011

battery pack n. a group of (esp. rechargeable) batteries contained within a casing and used as a power source.

ΚΠ

1934 Algona (Iowa) Upper Des Moines 13 Sept. (advt.) [Radio] complete with all batteries, including 1200-hour ‘B’ Battery pack in one unit.

1965 J. L. Blonstein in D. L. Collins Batteries 2 xxxv. 493 This constraint usually implies careful positioning of the battery packs within the satellite to ensure extremes of temperature are not applied to the package.

1995 Kay & Co. (Worcester) Catal. Autumn–Winter 595/1 The phone is supplied with three battery packs. Cordless drill... Complete with 2 battery packs.

2010 S. Thirsk Not quite White (2011) 163 I..had to run back to the hotel to fetch the spare battery pack for my laptop.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	battery
释义	batteryn. Brit. /ˈbat(ə)ri/, U.S. /ˈbædəri/ Forms: 1500s batry, batterye, batre(e, batery, 1500s–1600s battrie, battry(e, batterie, 1500s– battery. Etymology: < French batterie (13th cent.) ‘beating, battering, a group of cannon’, etc. (= Provençal bataria , Spanish batería , Italian battería ), < battre to beat: see -ery suffix. I. Senses relating to the action of beating. 1. The action of beating or battering. a. An assailing with blows: spec. in Law, an unlawful attack upon another by beating or wounding, including technically the slightest touching of another's person or clothes in a menacing manner. ΘΚΠ society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > specific offences > [noun] > unlawful violence > assault assault1447 battery1531 striking1541 tusslement1597 tussle1629 common assault1743 1531 T. Elyot Bk. named Gouernour iii. i. sig. Xviii Intermedlynge..Sometyme..is violent, as batry [1557 batrye], open murdre. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) iv. i. 33 Ile haue an action of Battery against him. View more context for this quotation 1752 H. Fielding Amelia I. i. ii. 9 Charged with a Battery by a much stouter Man than himself. 1868 M. E. Grant Duff Polit. Surv. 127 Murder, to say nothing of assault and battery, has been..an everyday matter. †b. A mark of beating; a wound or bruise. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > injury > [noun] > bruise brusurea1375 frousshure1477 bruise1533 wan1533 battering1558 squat1578 intuse1590 battery1594 crush1601 contusiona1616 sugillation1623 mishanter1754 stone bruise1805 rainbow1810 birze1818 pound1862 strawberry1921 1594 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis (new ed.) sig. D^v For where a heart is hard they make no battry. 1639 J. Mayne City Match i. iv, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XIII. 218 Lets feel: No batteries in thy head, to signify Th' art a constable. †2. The beating of drums; sometimes a particular kind of drum-beat, perhaps that giving the signal for an assault. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > playing instruments > beating drum > [noun] taboringa1400 drumming1541 battery1591 tucking1632 beating1656 stickwork1786 1591 W. Garrard & R. Hitchcock Arte of Warre 118 The most fit and apt time..ought to be shewed by..stroke or batterie of drums to the footemen. 1625 G. Markham Souldiers Accidence 16 The Drum doth beat..a Call, a March, a Troope, a Battalia, a Charge, a Retrait, a Batterie, a Reliefe. †3. a. A succession of heavy blows inflicted upon the walls of a city or fortress by means of artillery; bombardment. to plant battery: to prepare for such an attack. to lay battery to: to carry it into execution. to change one's battery: to change the direction of attack. Obsolete exc. figurative. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > [noun] > bombardment battery1548 cannonade1562 cannonading1637 bombarding1687 bomb battery1695 bombardment1702 cannon fire1725 bombard1807 shelling1860 hate1915 barrage1916 box barrage1916 creeping barrage1916 area bombardment1918 area shoot1919 shoot1941 stonk1944 society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > management of artillery > operate (artillery) [verb (transitive)] > bombard ding1548 to lay battery to1548 cannon1567 thunder1590 cannonade1637 bombard1686 bomb1694 shell1827 plonk1874 plaster1914 bump1915 labour1915 water1915 barragea1917 paste1942 stonk1944 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VIII f. lxxxix^v The battery of the walles discorages vs not. 1587 G. Turberville Tragicall Tales f. 25 Planting battrie to my fort. 1603 R. Knolles Gen. Hist. Turkes 304 He laid battrie to the wall foure daies. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xi. 656 By Batterie, Scale, and Mine, Assaulting. View more context for this quotation 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. ix. 275 The most violent battery would have weaken'd their walls. b. transferred or figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words bruntc1425 assaultc1449 battery1562 onset1566 brash1573 breach1578 onslaught1613 onfall1646 attack1653 assay?1705 to return to the charge1752 arietation1797 set-to1808 set1829 dead set1835 go-in1858 on-ding1871 hatchet work1938 blitzkrieg1939 blitz1940 carpet bombing1956 bowling1959 1562 J. Veron (title) A Strong Battery against the Idolatrous Inuocation of the Dead Saintes. 1640 Ld. Digby Speech Parl. 9 Nov. 4 Mischiefs which have..layed battery either to our Estates or Consciences. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. i. 3 The scaling of the swelling Surges, and constant Battery of the Tide. 1865 G. Grote Plato I. xix. 559 Plato..changes his battery, and says something against these enemies. †c. battery piece or piece of battery: a siege gun. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > siege-piece piece of battery1570 siege-piece1801 siege-gun1858 1570 Sir R. Constable in Lodge Illustr. Brit. Hist. (1838) I. 509 With three battery pieces..went to the siege of Hume. 1648 N. Ward To Parl. at Westm. 18 Was it ill done to fill the Tower, with..great pieces of battery? II. The apparatus used in battering or beating. 4. a. A number of pieces of artillery placed in juxtaposition for combined action; in Military use, the smallest division of artillery for tactical purposes (corresponding to a company of infantry).Technically, including also the artillerymen who work the guns, the drivers, and horses. In horse batteries, the gunners are carried partly on the carriages and partly on horses, in field batteries wholly on the carriages; garrison batteries are bodies of artillerymen serving heavy guns in forts or coast batteries. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > battery battery1555 counter-battery1603 swallow's nest1604 field battery1742 radeau1753 guns en barbette1772 half-moon battery1794 sap battery1810 sunken battery1817 screw battery1848 wool-battery1852 masked battery1861 mountain battery1868 machine-gun battery1882 society > armed hostility > armed forces > the Army > unit of army > [noun] > artillery-company > part of battery1861 subsection1907 1555 W. Waterman tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions ii. xi. 246 To plante bateries, make Ladders, and suche other thinges necessarie for the siege. 1732 T. Lediard tr. J. Terrasson Life Sethos II. viii. 163 He will begin to work his batteries. 1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1837) II. 286 You will have a breaching battery of two 18 pounders and one 12 pounder. 1861 Man. Artill. Exerc. 102 The centre battery halts when the rear battery wheels to the left. b. figurative, esp. in to turn any one's battery against himself. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > source of ability or power to attack to turn any one's battery against himself1581 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius 82 b Three wordes onely may suffice to overthrow the whole Battrye of these three Invectives. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker II. 78 The fellow who accused him, has had his own battery turned upon himself. 1823 C. Lamb On Acting of Munden in Elia 339 You think he has exhausted his battery of looks. c. In baseball, applied to the pitcher and catcher (originally used of the pitcher alone). Also attributive. U.S. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > baseball > baseball player > [noun] > pitcher and catcher battery1867 1867 Ball Players' Chron. 6 June 2/2 He soon resumed his position, once more facing the battery of Lovett. 1886 H. Chadwick Art of Pitching & Fielding 8 The ‘battery’ of a club's team, that is the pitcher and catcher. 1897 Daily News 29 July 9/2 So good was the fielding and battery work..that no scoring took place. 1967 Boston Sunday Herald 14 May ii. 5/1 Pitcher Ed McGrath went the distance and battery mate, Tony Carderelli, drove in four runs in the Boston State victory. 5. a. The platform or fortified work, on or within which artillery is mounted (sometimes including the guns or mortars there mounted). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > earthwork or rampart > [noun] > firing platform for artillery platform1535 battery1590 terreplein1591 barbette1823 1590 C. Marlowe Tamburlaine: 2nd Pt. sig. H5^v The bringing of our ordinance..into the battery. 1688 London Gaz. No. 2378/3 We had finished a Battery of three Mortars. 1769 W. Falconer Universal Dict. Marine sig. Hh2 Those [sc. guns] on the lower battery are 32 pounders. 1810 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) VI. 346 The batteries and works erecting at Cadiz. 1836 F. Marryat Mr. Midshipman Easy II. iv. 70 She continued her destructive fire..from the main deck battery. b. transferred or figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > that with or from which one attacks battery1581 1581 J. Bell tr. W. Haddon & J. Foxe Against Jerome Osorius Before you had raysed your Battrye agaynst Luther. 1690 T. Burnet Theory of Earth iii. 89 These [burning] mountains are as so many batteries, planted by Providence in several parts of the earth. 1692 R. Bentley Confut. Atheism from Struct. & Origin Humane Bodies: Pt. II 6 The Towers and Batteries that the Atheists have raised against Heaven. c. An oblong box or boat submerged to the brim, used in wildfowl shooting; = sink n.¹ 14. Also attributive, as battery-gunner, battery-shooting. U.S. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > hunting > shooting > [noun] > place to shoot from standa1425 standinga1425 batterya1841 shooting-hole1850 butt1880 box1884 a1841 ‘J. Cypress, Jr.’ Sporting Scenes (1842) I. 198 A machine, or battery, is a wooden box of the necessary dimensions to let a man lie down upon his back, just tightly fitting enough to let him rise again. 1859 J. R. Bartlett Dict. Americanisms (ed. 2) Battery, a sort of boat used for duck-shooting... It is also called..a Surface-boat, Sink, or Box. 1866 Game Laws Va. in Fur, Fin & Feather (1872) 144 Any person shooting or using a skiff, box or battery while hunting wild fowl. 1874 J. W. Long Amer. Wild-fowl Shooting 71 I shall describe that in reference to battery-shooting. 1875 Fur, Fin & Feather 120 But this is nothing to the numbers slain by the battery; and we have known one battery to kill over three hundred fowl in a tide. 1875 Fur, Fin & Feather 122 The battery gunner..has a great advantage over the fowler who shoots from the shore. 1885 Forest & Stream 1 Jan. 441 One of the commonest and most successful methods of killing fowl along the seaboard is from batteries. 1885 Forest & Stream 1 Jan. 441 Some plan of action by which battery-shooting could be wholly done away with. 6. Phrases and locutions. battery-wagon: one in which are carried tools and materials for repair of the battery. cross batteries: two batteries playing upon the same point from different directions. enfilading battery: one which sweeps the whole line attacked. floating battery: a heavily armed and armoured vessel intended for bombarding fortresses. in battery: (a gun) projecting in readiness for firing through an embrasure or over a parapet. masked battery: one screened from the enemy's view by natural or artificial obstacles. out of or from battery: (a gun) withdrawn for the purpose of loading. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [adverb] > projecting over parapet in battery1813 the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > hostile action or attack > [noun] > attack by hostile measures or words > concealed attack masked battery1861 society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > battery battery1555 counter-battery1603 swallow's nest1604 field battery1742 radeau1753 guns en barbette1772 half-moon battery1794 sap battery1810 sunken battery1817 screw battery1848 wool-battery1852 masked battery1861 mountain battery1868 machine-gun battery1882 1813 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1838) X. 487 On what days did you disembark the artillery?.. On what days did you put them in battery? 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. I. ii. v. 65 Wondrous leather-roofed Floating-batteries,..give gallant summons: to which,..Gibraltar answers Plutonically. 1861 T. P. Thompson Audi Alteram Partem III. clxxvii. 214 Do not go probing for ‘masked batteries’ to run your heads against. 7. Mining. The set of stamps, usually five in number, that work in one ‘mortar’ of a stamp-mill. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > equipment > equipment for treating ores > [noun] > for crushing ore > stamp > series of battery1853 stamp-battery1875 1853 Harper's Mag. Apr. 578/2 Openings in this opposite each cover or battery of stamps. 1861 J. S. Hittell Mining in Pacific States 160 In the Sierra Buttes mills two-thirds of the gold is caught in the batteries. 1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xxxvi. 252 These [six rods] rose and fell, one after the other,..in an iron box called a ‘battery’... One of us stood by the battery all day long. 1881 S. Jennings Visit Gold Fields Wynaad viii. 69 Eight batteries of five gravitation stamps each. 1884 Cent. Mag. 27 923 Batteries, where the quartz is pounded into white mud. 8. Dyeing. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > colouring > dyeing > [noun] > equipment used litting-lead1485–6 vat1548 battery1737 deviling1737 winch1740 shaker1791 pastel-vat1838 wince1839 wincing-machine1839 tin-vat1865 jigger1893 jig1942 1737 P. Miller Gardeners Dict. (ed. 3) at Anil The second [vat] is called the Battery..It is in the second that they agitate and beat this Water impregnated and loaded with the Salts of the plant [Indigo]. 1815 Encycl. Brit. X. 287/2 A battery, consisting of a kettle, containing water slightly acidulated with sulphuric acid. III. (From sense 4.) A combination of simple instruments, usually to produce a compound instrument of increased power; applied originally with a reference to the discharge of electricity from such a combination. 9. An apparatus consisting of a number of Leyden jars so connected that they may be charged and discharged simultaneously. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > supply > storage > [noun] > place where anything is or may be stored aumbry1356 promptuary?a1425 repository1485 staple1523 magazine1583 reposement1592 repertory1593 rendezvous1608 reserve1612 conservatory1624 reconditory1633 dormerc1640 stowagea1641 depositum1646 repositary1650 magazine storehousea1654 deposit1719 reservoir1739 battery1748 depository1750 storage1775 depot1795 depositary1797 repertorium1797 rua1831 stowaway1913 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > consisting of leyden jars battery1748 1748 B. Franklin Let. in Exper. & Observ. Electr. (1751) 26 An electrical battery, consisting of eleven panes of large sash-glass, arm'd with thin leaden plates. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) I. 340 When a number of Jars are thus connected it is called a battery. figurative.1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. x, in Fraser's Mag. Aug. 189/2 Till your whole vital Electricity..is cut into two isolated portions of Positive and Negative (of Money and of Hunger); and stands there bottled up in two World-Batteries! 10. An apparatus consisting of a series of cells, each containing the essentials for producing voltaic electricity, connected together. Also used of any such apparatus for producing voltaic electricity, whether of one cell or more. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] electric battery1774 pile1800 battery1801 trough1806 voltaic battery1812 voltaic pile1812 magnetomotor1823 trough battery1841 gas battery1843 gravity battery1870 sand-battery1873 Bunsen battery1879 gravitation battery1883 magazine batterya1884 perfluent batterya1884 1801 Sir H. Davy in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 91 400 The third and most powerful class of Galvanic batteries..is formed, when metallic substances, oxidable in acids..are connected, as plates, with oxidating fluids. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 162 Zinc, copper, and nitric acid form a powerful battery. c1865 J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 190/1 No arrangement equals Grove's platina battery. 11. Optics. A combined series of lenses or prisms. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] > series of lenses triplet1837 battery1867 1867–77 G. F. Chambers Descriptive Astron. An eye-piece..intermediate between the 1st and 2nd of the ‘battery.’ 1879 H. W. Warren Recreations in Astron. iii. 49 The best instruments pass the beam of light through a series of prisms called a battery. 12. a. Apparatus for preparing or serving meals. Also batterie de cuisine (see batterie n. 2). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > equipment for food preparation > [noun] kitchenware1612 kitchen trade1693 batterie de cuisine1773 battery1819 kitchenry1845 mess kit1854 kitchenalia1924 1819 A. Rees Cycl. III. at Battery Some make battery for the kitchen, batterie de cuisine, comprehend all utensils for the service of the kitchen, whether of iron, brass, copper, or other matters. 1883 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Apr. 695/1 Our tea battery came in. 1884 G. H. Boughton in Harper's Mag. Aug. 334/2 The feasting batteries of the..guilds. b. A set of pans used in sugar-boiling. ΚΠ 1833 B. Silliman Man. Sugar Cane 33 The largest [kettle] is called the grande..and the last the battery. 1886 Harper's Mag. June 80/2 These processes..are effected by what is known as a ‘battery’ of open pans or ‘taches’. 13. a. Used gen. for a collection of similar pieces of apparatus grouped together as a set (see quots.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > advantage > usefulness > use (made of things) > instrumentality > [noun] > (a) means > equipment for any action or undertaking > a device or contrivance > set of companion1843 kit1859 battery1885 instrumentarium1893 1885 C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts 4th Ser. 163/2 The earliest and crudest system of evaporation was the ‘copper wall’, or ‘battery’ of open pans called ‘teaches’ (taches, tayches, &c.). 1911 D. S. Hulfish Cycl. Motion-pict. Work II. 137 The remaining proportion of light may be supplied by lighting a partial battery of lamps. 1920 Sci. Amer. 2 Oct. 346 (caption) A battery of projectors and a stereopticon machine in the operator's booth of a leading motion-picture theatre. 1931 Economist 25 Apr. 888/2 There are batteries of forty looms each. 1958 Engineering 18 Apr. 509/1 When the Coal Board took over there were 45 ovens..in two batteries of 15 and 30. b. A series of psychological or clinical tests. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > diagnosis or prognosis > tests > [noun] > series of tests battery1921 1921 Mem. Nat. Acad. Sci. XV. ii. ii. 316 If a test correlated almost perfectly with some other test in the battery, it could be omitted without loss. 1928 K. J. Holzinger Statist. Methods in Educ. xv. 310 The writers..eliminate certain tests..and thus obtain a shorter and possibly as good a test with unweighted items as with the whole battery. 1930 K. J. Holzinger Statist. Resumé Spearman Two-factor Theory 42 Two arithmetic tests or two opposite tests should not be used in a given battery. 1940 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Apr. 358 This is the estimated reliability of the battery formed by the straight sum of its constituent tests. 1961 Lancet 26 Aug. 487/1 I also heartily endorse his call for a refinement in the constituent subtests of psychological batteries. c. A series of hutches, cages, or nesting-boxes in which laying hens are confined for intensive laying or poultry reared and fattened. Later extended to denote accommodation for fattening cattle; frequently attributive, as battery hen, battery system. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > animal husbandry > keeping birds > poultry-keeping > [noun] > enclosure for poultry > laying house, hatchery, etc. rearing house1824 sitting room1850 hatchery1857 brooding-room1884 eggery1910 laying house1913 battery1931 1931 G. W. Wrentmore Battery Syst. Poultry Keeping 27 The system is best carried out with birds that have been in Batteries from the start. 1931 G. W. Wrentmore Battery Syst. Poultry Keeping 27 The battery is commenced at a temperature of 90–94 degrees and gradually lowered to a temperature of about 65 degrees as the size of the chicks increases. 1938 Reader's Digest Mar. 93/1 The smallest complete battery..fills a 14-by-20-foot space. 1940 N. Mitford Pigeon Pie ix. 138 Those raising hens on the battery system. 1953 A. Watkyn For Better, For Worse ii. i It ain't right to ask 'uman beings to live like Battery Hens. 1958 Observer 19 Oct. 17/4 They [sc. geese] defy horrible human plans to mass-produce in battery and deep scratch. 1960 Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 78/1 We are going to hear more of battery beef. 1960 News Chron. 8 June 4/4 The broiler battery..may be good business, but is..revolting. 1961 Guardian 17 May 3/5 It was doubtful if..battery eggs were less nutritious than other eggs. IV. Senses relating to beaten metal. 14. Metal, or articles of metal, especially of brass or copper, wrought by hammering. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > product of > made by hammering batteryc1503 batter1567 kettle-fats1812 c1503 R. Arnold Chron. f. xxvi/1 Batery for the bale xij.d. 1577 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 414 ij panes of battrye weyinge xvlb. 1742 H. Hines Specif. Patent 462 Raising copper battery cold in common battery mills. 1812 J. Smyth Pract. of Customs ii. 107 Black Latten..and Battery... This last is known by the dint of the mill-hammers upon the kettles. attributive.1592 in W. Greenwell Wills & Inventories Registry Durham (1860) II. 252 Kettell of battre mettell.1802 A. Rees Cycl. (at cited word) Battery-works include pots, saucepans, kettles..which though cast at first, are to be afterwards hammered or beaten into form.1885 Birmhm. Directory The Birmingham Battery and Metal Company. V. [Compare Old French baterie ‘sorte de rempart’ (Godefroy); ? an extension of 5; or can it be related to batter v.² ?] 15. An embankment. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > earth-moving, etc. > [noun] > embanking > an embankment wharf10.. mounding1691 banking1776 sunka1784 embankment1786 battery1799 fill1850 earth fill1877 1799 J. Robertson Gen. View Agric. Perth 276 A battery of stone, to join another island to the main land. 1862 S. Smiles Lives Engineers III. 156 The expense of cuts and batteries (since called cuttings and embankments) on the different..lines. 16. Mining. a. A bulkhead of timber. ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 106 Battery,..2. A bulkhead of timber. b. The plank closing the bottom of a coal-chute. Raymond Mining Gloss. 1881. ΚΠ 1881 Trans. Amer. Inst. Mining Engineers 1880–1 9 106 Battery,..3. The plank closing the bottom of a coal-chute. 17. [ < French batterie; compare batterie n. 3] The percussion section of an orchestra. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > percussion instrument > [noun] > collectively percussion1889 trap1903 battery1926 kitchen1928 kit1929 batterie1934 1926 P. Whiteman & M. M. McBride Jazz ix. 197 The battery of an orchestra includes so many instruments... Perhaps the most important instruments of the battery are the timpani or kettle drums. 1955 R. Blesh Shining Trumpets (ed. 3) ii. 30 A part of the rhythm is kept separate in drum battery. 1960 Times 23 June 17/3 A percussion player..proceeded to exploit a battery including cowbells and finger-cymbals. Compounds C1. General attributive. battery-receiver n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver > types of crystal receiver1910 heterodyne1915 self-heterodyne1915 crystal set1921 crystal radio1922 superheterodyne1922 superhet1924 battery-receiver1928 battery-set1930 mobile unit1961 1928 Wireless World 5 Dec. 754/3 A battery-receiver unit... The H.T. battery can therefore be adapted to serve as the actual receiver, by incorporating in it the necessary coupling unit. battery-set n. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > receiver > types of crystal receiver1910 heterodyne1915 self-heterodyne1915 crystal set1921 crystal radio1922 superheterodyne1922 superhet1924 battery-receiver1928 battery-set1930 mobile unit1961 1930 Wireless World 16 July 71/3 (heading) An Ambitious Battery Set. 1933 Boy's Mag. 47 135/2 The Class ‘B’ valve..is of great importance to users of battery sets. battery-unit n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [noun] > pack of battery-unit1939 1939 War Illustr. 9 Dec. p. ii/3 This trade, which consists in selling torches that are loaded with worn-out battery-units from wireless sets. 1958 Newnes Compl. Amateur Photogr. x. 112 A flashgun consists of a socket to hold the flashbulb, a case to contain the battery unit and a reflector. C2. battery-operated adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [adjective] > powered by a battery cordless1906 battery-operated1930 battery-powered1957 1930 Wireless World 11 June 601/1 Few battery-operated portables consume more than the economical limit of 10 mA. 1964 T. L. Kinsey Audio-typing & Electr. Typewriters iii. 16 Battery-operated machines are also available. battery-powered adj. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > electricity > galvanism, voltaism > voltaic or galvanic battery > [adjective] > powered by a battery cordless1906 battery-operated1930 battery-powered1957 1957 BBC Handbk. 52 Small self-contained battery-powered tape recorders. C3. battery eliminator n. a device incorporating a rectifier which enables a radio set or other apparatus to work using the mains or other alternating electricity supply, eliminating the need for a battery. ΘΚΠ society > communication > telecommunication > radio communications > radio equipment > [noun] > radio set > apparatus which eliminates need for a battery battery eliminator1924 1924 Lima (Ohio) News 26 Sept. 7/3 The New York Radio World's fair was quite interesting... The outstanding feature seemed to be the different battery eliminators or devices by which the radio receivers can be operated direct from the commercial current supply. 1952 Pop. Mech. Sept. 212 Only a few adjustments of the components are required to use this battery eliminator with most portables, farm sets, or civil-defense communications receivers. 2002 P. Miles Robot Sumo ix. 182 All ESCs [= electronic speed controls] have a battery eliminator circuit (BEC) that can be used to supply power to other electronics. Draft additions October 2011 battery acid n. dilute sulphuric acid as used in a lead-acid cell as the electrolyte. ΚΠ 1835 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 125 269 (heading) Nature and strength of the battery acid. 1905 School Sci. & Math. 5 272 The battery acid consists of 30 parts sulphuric acid by weight and 70 parts distilled water. 1933 Pop. Sci. Monthly Mar. 62 (caption) ‘Smells like battery acid, to me,’ he added after a moment. 2008 New Scientist 15 Nov. 7/2 In the past month, tracts of wetland at the mouth of the Murray have become as corrosive as battery acid. Draft additions October 2011 battery charger n. a device which recharges batteries by passing an electric current through them. ΚΠ 1861 W. S. Harris in Proc. Royal Soc. 1860–2 11 252 The instruments employed..consist of the electrical or Leyden jar; Lane's improved electrometer; the hydrostatic electrometer as recently perfected; the thermo-electrometer; quantity or unit-measure; and battery charger and discharger. 1935 A. R. Nilson & J. L. Hornung Pract. Radio Communication xv. 710 The Tungar battery charger..is a device for charging storage batteries from an alternating-current line. 1990 Managem. Computing Nov. 52/2 Battery-powered laptops now come with intelligent battery chargers. 2005 Disability Now May 45/1 (advt.) Electrically Powered Wheelchair, with battery charger and kerb climber. Draft additions October 2011 battery pack n. a group of (esp. rechargeable) batteries contained within a casing and used as a power source. ΚΠ 1934 Algona (Iowa) Upper Des Moines 13 Sept. (advt.) [Radio] complete with all batteries, including 1200-hour ‘B’ Battery pack in one unit. 1965 J. L. Blonstein in D. L. Collins Batteries 2 xxxv. 493 This constraint usually implies careful positioning of the battery packs within the satellite to ensure extremes of temperature are not applied to the package. 1995 Kay & Co. (Worcester) Catal. Autumn–Winter 595/1 The phone is supplied with three battery packs. Cordless drill... Complete with 2 battery packs. 2010 S. Thirsk Not quite White (2011) 163 I..had to run back to the hotel to fetch the spare battery pack for my laptop. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1887; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1503
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