opticadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈɒptɪk/, U.S.

/ˈɑptɪk/

Forms: Middle English obtic, Middle English obtik, Middle English opitik (transmission error), Middle English 1600s– optic, Middle English–1600s optike, 1500s obtyke, 1500s–1600s opticke, 1500s–1700s optique, 1500s–1800s optick, 1600s obtick.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French optique; Latin opticus.

Etymology: < Middle French, French optique of or relating to the eye (1314 in Old French as obtique in nerfs obtiques (see optic nerve n.); 16th cent. as optique ), of or relating to sight and light (1567) and its etymon post-classical Latin opticus of or relating to the eye (c1115 in a British source in nervi optici (see optic nerve n.), a1250 in a British source as obticus (see quot. a1398 at sense A. 1a); from 13th cent. in continental sources), of or relating to sight (15th cent. in continental sources) < ancient Greek ὀπτικός of or relating to sight < -οπτος in compounds, in Hellenistic Greek as an independent word, ὀπτός seen, visible ( < ὀπ- , stem also seen in ὀπ- , ὄψ eye, face, ὄψομαι I shall see; < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin oculus oculus n.) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Old Occitan optic (c1350), Catalan òptic (1491), Spanish óptico (1493), Italian †optico (1574; now ottico (Florio 1598)), Portuguese optico (16th cent.), all earliest in medical context. With use as noun compare post-classical Latin opticum (neuter) optical instrument (16th cent.), opticus (masculine) a person skilled in optics (1531), French optique viewpoint, perspective (1836), and see also optics n. Compare later optical adj. and n.On the form history compare:1656 T. Blount Glossographia To Rdr. There is a liberty in most Adjectives, whether you will say Optique (after the French), Optick, Opticous, or Optical.

A. adj.

a. Anatomy. Of, relating to or connected with the eye or with the process of vision. Chiefly in the names of particular structures of the eye and the brain (see Compounds).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective]

ophthalmic?a1425

optic?a1425

ocular1598

oculopalpebral1867

oculofrontal1890

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 41 Out of þe formest partie of þe brayn comeþ tweye hologh senewes þat ben I-clepid optici [L. obtici].]

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 11^v (MED) It bihoueþ þe neruez obtic [?c1425 Paris synowes opitikes; L. neruos opticos] for to be perced þat þai shuld be waie of þe spirit.

1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. i. f. 3/2 That they might receaue the visible spirite by the synnowe called Optique.

1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) 59 The effascination by the optick emission of the eyes.

1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 320 Two Optic Nerves, They say, she tYes, Like Spectacles, a-cross the Eyes.

1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 176 The alisphenoids protect the sides of the optic lobes.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ix. 387 This decussation of fibres is called the optic commissure or chiasma.

1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) ii. 39 The retinula is composed of a group of 7 pigmented visual cells which collectively secrete an internal optic rod or rhabdom.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vii. 194 The eye..is not enclosed (although there may be considerable cartilage in the wall of the eyeball—in a sense an optic capsule).

b. Medicine. Of a disease or disorder: affecting the eyes; (also, of an operation) performed on the eye (rare).

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1873 H. C. Angell Treat. Dis. Eye 29 An optic neuritis is connected with meningitis of the base of the brain.

1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. 254/2 Optic neurotomy, division of the optic nerve.

1931 Science 5 June 614/1 Cataract, glaucoma, optic atrophy, myopia, etc., are inherited in a great many instances.

1989 Brain 112 1092 Others have argued that optic aphasia is attributable to impaired object recognition.

2. Designating the art or science of optics. Formerly also: †skilled in or relating to optics (obsolete).

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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [adjective]

optic1569

1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 34 Nexte after Geometrie, is the Arte Opticke [L. optica] which is called Perspectiue.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus Yet haue they the Art optick to search out thy drifts. They will knowe thy visage by thy vizarde, thy pretended subteltie by thy counterfeit simplicitie.

1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata lxxvi. §769 An opticke or speculatiue man searcheth discernable rayes or beames, and visible obiects..discerning, and according thereunto fashioning..perspective glasses.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) The Optick Science is that by which the reason of sight is known.

1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §6. 4 Another way, mention'd by the Optic Writers.

1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §29. 18 I shall lay before you..the Words..with which he concludes his Optic Lectures.

1933 J. Meier-Graefe Vincent Van Gogh iv. 89 The optic sciences, led by Chevreul, had already established laws governing the choice, arrangement, division and gradation of colours.

2000 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 11 June (Lifestyles) 4 The bridegroom is a graduate of Northwestern University and received a doctorate in optic science from University of Arizona.

3. gen. Of or relating to sight; visual. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [adjective]

perspective?a1475

optical1570

optic1600

visual1603

specular1656

speculative1656

visional1790

visionary1814

ocular1831

1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. i. sig. Eiv^v Dazle, you organs to my optique sence.

1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job ix. 11 God is all window, and he, like the Optike vertue in the eye, seeth all, and is seen of none.

1805 T. Harral Scenes of Life II. 44 His optic senses were somewhat awakened by the brilliant appearance.

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. x. 98/2 May we not well cry shame on an ungrateful world..that will waste its optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins!

1926 J. B. Cabell Straws & Prayer-bks. (new ed.) 211 The..critics..have pointed out how intensely Mr. Hergesheimer realizes the sensuous world of his characters and, in particular, the optic world.

1968 Brain 91 336 This is similar to what occurs in cases of schizophrenic optic illusions leading to hallucinations.

4. Of an instrument or device: constructed to assist vision; (also) acting by means of light.See also optic fibre n. at Compounds, optic glass n., optic tube n. at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1607 T. Walkington (title) The optick glasse of humors.

a1626 L. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 42 We shall need no prospective glasses, or optic instruments, to make it visible.

1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iv. §3. 376 An Optique box, used as help in Drawing.

1748 Lady Luxborough Let. 11 Sept. in Lett. to W. Shenstone (1775) 54 Mr. Sanders speaking of the dimension of his Optic Glasses..put me in mind of measuring mine.

1884 Guardian 3 Sept. 1293/3 The general..with whom he was in communication by optic telegraph.

1930 H. T. Stetson Man & Stars vi. 55 The elders of that day refused to look through Galileo's optic tube to see the moons of Jupiter.

1988 Washington Post 2 Dec. e1/1 I drive a van. It has lots of windows, three mirrors and an optic patch on the rear window.

5. Of or relating to the path of light, esp. through the eye. Now rare.See also optic angle n., optic axis n., optic axis n. at Compounds.

ΚΠ

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 80 Take a fresh Eye..cut it with a plain Parallel to the Optick Axis.

1781 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 96 It has been observed, that objects grow indistinct when the principal optic pencil at the eye becomes less than the 40th or 50th part of an inch in diameter.

1889 G. M. Hopkins Exper. Sci. xii. 258 The angle between the optic axes in some crystals is so small as to permit of seeing them readily.

1972 J. Stone & A. J. Phillips Contact Lenses iv. 105 The optic radii of a contact lens are similar to those of the cornea.

B. n.

†1. [See etymological note at optics n.] = optics n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [noun]

perspectivea1387

optic1563

optics1579

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > science of

optic1563

optics1579

photology1828

photics1858

1563 J. Shute First Grovndes Archit. Bij^v Consequently in Opticke and in such lyke sciences he must haue good perceuerance.

1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Ottica, the science whereby the reason of sight is knowen, the optike.

1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) ii. ii. iv. 260 Arithmeticke, Geometry, Perspectiue, Opticke, Astronomy.

1646 J. Saltmarsh Some Drops of Viall i. 18 Bringing in Christ by Obtick or sense, and making conversion to be by perspective.

1869 Eng. Mech. 17 Dec. 329/1 Can they be explained according to the laws..of optic and perspective?

a. Originally: †a simple lens, as an eyeglass or magnifying glass; (also) †an optical instrument, as a telescope (obsolete). Now: a camera lens. Also figurative.Quot. 1599 may belong at sense A. 1; though the figurative use in quot. 1621 implies that the literal sense was already in existence.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > [noun] > instrument for looking through

perspectivec1395

spectaclec1430

prospectionc1460

perspective glass1570

optic1599

optic glass1607

optical glassc1660

glass1700

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun]

glass1545

optic1599

optic glass1607

perspicil1611

lenticular1658

spectacle-glass1682

lens1693

speculum1756

optical1944

lenslet1956

1599 T. Storer Life & Death Wolsey sig. H Yea they, whose opticke still redoubles light, And teaches men how they may see too farre That Art which bids Natures poore eies good night.

1621 J. Fletcher et al. Trag. of Thierry & Theodoret i. i. sig. Bi^v The sinnes we doe, people behold through opticks, Which shewes vm ten times more than common vices.

a1631 J. Donne To Mr. Tilman in Div. Poems 46 If then, th' astronomers, whereas they spy A new-found star, their opticks magnify.

1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. iii. §16 She that can make her mourning veil an optic to draw a new lover neerer to her sight.

1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator No. 17 (1748) III. 268 The telescope was again unscrewed,..when..they were obliged to draw in the optic, and make fast the window, against which it had been placed.

a1806 H. K. White Remains (1807) I. 289 Which bright thro' hope's deceitful optics beam'd.

1886 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 5/4 One of the two places..where alone these gigantic ‘opticks’ can be properly perfected.

1978 SLR Camera Aug. 47/3 Considering this optic is a continuous focusing unit from 6 ft to 6 inches, this is a very commendable performance.

1991 Photo Answers June 84/2 The lens isn't awful, in fact for the money it's pretty good, but spending a few quid more will get you a better optic.

b. In plural. The optical components of an instrument or apparatus.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > [noun]

eye1858

autoscope1873

optics1942

1942 J. Mitchell Ilford Man. Photogr. xiv. 297 (heading) Optics of the condenser enlarger.

1962 Analyt. Chem. 34 242/2 A double-beam infrared microspectrophotometer employing a double-beam-in-time system and reflecting optics having 8× magnification.

1993 Nature 29 Apr. 778/3 The repairs to be carried out include..the installation of a device to correct the optics of the troubled telescope.

c. A particular way of interpreting or experiencing something; a viewpoint, a perspective.Frequently in contexts dealing with French literature, critical theory, etc.

ΚΠ

1958 French Rev. 31 386 Schehadé's optic resembles that of Giraudoux insofar as both dramatists tend to see life through the eyes of innocence.

1972 R. T. Denommé French Parnassian Poets iv. 79 De Lisle attempts to reverse the procedure by requesting that his readers adjust their nineteenth-century optic to the superior cultural values of the Ancients.

1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 79 The optic of a lot of modern sociologists is reversed here.

1998 D. Gellner in M. Alfino et al. McDonaldization Revisited Foreword p. xii Ritzer primarily focuses on the phenomenon from the optic of Weber's theory of rationalization.

a. The eye. Usually in plural. Now humorous.Originally the learned and elegant term.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [noun]

eyeeOE

the fleshly eyec1175

balla1400

window1481

glazier1567

light1580

crystal1592

orb1594

glass1597

optic1601

twinkler1605

lampa1616

watchera1616

wink-a-peeps1615

visive organa1652

ogle1673

peeper1691

goggle?1705

visual orb1725

orbit1727

winker1734

peep?1738

daylights?1747

eyewinker1808

keeker1808

glimmer1814

blinker1816

glim1820

goggler1821

skylight1824

ocular1825

mince pie1857

saucer1858

mince1937

1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love i. iii. sig. C One..whose Optiques haue drunke the spirit of beauty, in some eight score and eighteene Princes Courts.

1625 R. Brathwait Ess. Five Senses (ed. 2) Table sig. A6 By that Elevating muscle, by which it is distinguished from the Optick in all other Creatures, it [sc. the eye] is taught to bee on that Object onely fixed, where it may be wholly and solely satisfied.

1650 J. Howell Instr. Forren Travell (new ed.) App. 140 Not by hear-say only, or through the mist of other mens breaths, but through the cleere casements of his own optiques.

1668 J. Denham Poems 82 Our corporeal eyes, (we find) Dazle the Opticks of our Mind.

1708 J. Swift Elegy on Mr Patrige (single sheet) Patrige made his Opticks rise, From a Shoe Sole to reach the Skies.

1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 240 He surveyed it with all his Optics.

1775 J. Trumbull MʽFingal 3 But optics sharp it needs, I ween, To see what is not to be seen.

1818 Q. Rev. 18 133 An advantage..which has escaped the optics of former writers.

1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. ii. 69 Yet those same bleared optics had a strange, penetrating power.

1910 ‘O. Henry’ Strictly Business 240 Spring winked a vitreous optic at Editor Westbrook of the Minerva Magazine.

1958 T. H. White Once & Future King ii. ix. 279 And yours truly will continuously wink one optic or the other.

1993 E. Mildmay Lucker & Tiffany peel Out (BNC) 62 Talking of eyes, my optics are almost burnt through.

†b. The optic nerve. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves > specific cranial nerves

optic sinew?c1425

recurrent nerve1578

optic1615

optic nerve1615

recurrent1615

par vagum1666

fourth nerve1681

accessory nerve1682

chorda tympani1807

abducens1809

hypoglossus1811

pneumogastric1826

pneumogastric nerve1827

hypoglossal nerve1828

facial1834

fifth nerve1836–9

vagus1840

vagal nerve1854

vagus nerve1856

Jacobson's nerve1860

oculomotor1868

trigeminus1875

hypoglossal1876

oculimotor1890

pathetic1890

sixth1899

trigeminal1899

1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 485 The first coniugation therefore of the nerues of the braine are the Opticks.

1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility v. 97 The Optic, or the middle of the Retina.

†c. In plural. Visual power. Obsolete.

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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun]

i-sightc888

seneOE

lightOE

eyesightc1175

sightc1200

rewarda1382

seeingc1390

viewc1390

outwitc1400

starec1400

speculation1471

eyec1475

vision1493

ray1531

visive power1543

sightfulnessa1586

outsight1605

conspectuitya1616

visibility1616

optics1643

rock of eye1890

visuality1923

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §44 Nor is it in the Opticks of these eyes to behold felicity.

1709 J. Reynolds Death's Vision vi. 15 Will He come Teach an Unfledg'd Soul to Fly, To see, without the Optics of an Eye?

1721 T. D'Urfey Grecian Heroine v. i, in New Opera's 142 On this with covetous Eyes I us'd to gaze, 'till I even crackt their Opticks.

†4. A person skilled in optics. Obsolete.In quot. 1636: one who has a ‘good eye’ or well-trained sight.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one skilled in optics > [noun]

optic1613

optist1640

optician1672

opticist1884

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > types of vision > [noun] > clear- or sharp-sightedness > person or type

lynx1340

optic1613

oculist1652

1613 R. Anton Moriomachia 23 Beleeue not the Glasse, (quoth the Page) for the knauish Opticke made it to reflect many faire figures on fowle faces.

1636 D. Featley Clavis Mystica xxxi. 410 Artificiall pictures drawne by the pencill of a skilful Opticke.

1676 Philos. Trans. 1675 (Royal Soc.) 10 501 Mr. Newton had no reason to tax P. Pardies of Hallucination... For that learned optike very well saw [etc.].

5. A device attached to the neck of a bottle for delivering a measured quantity of spirits or other drinks, usually with the bottle fixed in an inverted position. Also optic measure.A proprietary name in the United Kingdom.

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the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > utensils for > specific for measuring amount

optic1926

1926 Trade Marks Jrnl. 22 Sept. 2158 Optic, an apparatus included in Class 8, for delivering a measured quantity of Spirits or other Liquids.

1953 Word for Word (Whitbread & Co.) 27/2 Optic, a measuring and dispensing device widely used for spirits. It is usually inserted into the neck of an inverted bottle.

1968 ‘A. Haig’ Sign on for Tokyo 58 Joe could see his face reflected in the glass behind the bar, between the spirits bottles on their optic measures.

1970 V. Canning Great Affair xii. 215 A row of shining optics under the whisky and gin bottles.

1997 A. Wood EastEnders (BBC TV script) (O.E.D. Archive) Episode 561. 41 (stage direct.) Cut to Phil behind the bar picking up a glass and turning to the vodka optic.

Compounds

optic angle n. †(a) the angle formed at the eye by the extremities of an object viewed; the visual angle (obsolete); (b) the angle between the optic axes of the eyes when directed to the same object; (c) the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial doubly refracting crystal.

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the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun] > visual angle

optic angle1709

visual angle1710

1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §15. 8 Tho' we should grant the real Existence of those Optic Angles.

?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 210 Easy to apprehend, by any person who understands the nature of the optic angle.

1881 Science 24 Dec. 611/2 For distances of more than 240 m. the optic angle becomes inappreciable.

1890 Cent. Dict. at Optic Optic angle,..(c) The angle between the optic axes in a biaxial crystal.

1922 N. H. Winchell & A. N. Winchell Elem. Optical Mineral. (ed. 2) I. xvi. 159 The acute angle between the optic axes is called the optic angle.

1970 Science 30 Jan. 666/3 Optic-angle-measurements suggest that the disorientations generally are not related to changes in chemical composition.

optic axis n. (a) = optical axis n. (a) at optical adj. and n. Compounds; (b) Crystallography and Mineralogy the direction in which the ordinary and the extraordinary rays passing through a doubly refracting crystal behave alike, so that there is no double refraction.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments to refract, etc., light > [noun] > optic axis

optic axis1664

the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > axis

optical axis1663

optic axis1664

1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 80 Take a fresh Eye..cut it with a plain Parallel to the Optick Axis.

1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxxi. 247 We turn our Eyes to it in such a manner, that the two Optick Axes meet at the Point which we fix our Attention principally upon.

1825 Lancet 12 Nov. 246/2 The optic, or visual axis, is a straight line drawn through the centre of the cornea, pupil, lens, and vitreous humour.

1889 G. M. Hopkins Exper. Sci. xii. 258 The angle between the optic axes in some crystals is so small as to permit of seeing them readily.

1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 195/1 A Lyot element is field widened by dividing the crystal in half in the optic axis direction.

optic chiasm n. Anatomy = optic chiasma n.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 176/2 Chiasmus, the crucial union of parts,—as the optic commissure or chiasm.

1921 F. Tilney & H. A. Riley Form & Functions Central Nerv. Syst. xxxi. 550 Situated above the optic chiasm and in communication with the chamber of the third ventricle is a small canal.

1996 Science 8 Nov. 972 (caption) Diagram of the whole-brain preparation showing the stimulating electrode..in the optic chiasm.

optic chiasma n. Anatomy the X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross each other.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > commissure

commissure1695

corpus callosum1706

optic commissure1848

optic chiasma1856

supracommissure1886

1856–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 8 9 To throw light on the relations of the fibres of the [optic] nerve to those of the opposite one in the optic chiasma or commissure.

1932 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 110 129 Electrical stimulation of the brain in the region of the optic chiasma.

1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xv. 515 Reaching the floor of the forebrain, the optic nerve fibers enter via the X-shaped optic chiasma.

optic commissure n. Anatomy = optic chiasma n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > commissure

commissure1695

corpus callosum1706

optic commissure1848

optic chiasma1856

supracommissure1886

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 176/2 Chiasmus, the crucial union of parts,—as the optic commissure or chiasm.

1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ix. 387 This decussation of fibres is called the optic commissure or chiasma.

1983 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 301 36 The optic commissure is a thin bundle of fibres.

optic cup n. (a) Embryology a cuplike depression in the front of the optic vesicle of an embryo that later forms the retina; (b) Anatomy the depression at the centre of the optic disc.

ΚΠ

1882 Proc. Royal Soc. 1881–2 33 114 The main subject dealt with is the nature of the mesoblastic structures entering the cavity of the optic cup, through the choroid slit.

1926 Sci. Monthly Apr. 320/2 One of the early symptoms of increased intracranial pressure was a change in the characteristic appearance of the optic cup.

1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. x. 208 During the development of the optic cup the overlying surface ectoderm thickens, forming a lens placode.

optic disc n. Anatomy a slightly raised pinkish white disc on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors and so forming a blind spot.

ΚΠ

1858 J. Hogg Ophthalmoscope (ed. 2) 43 The turbidity clears up gradually, and in from two to six weeks we begin to see the optic disc as through a fog.

1934 Science 14 Dec. 547/2 An elimination of the BMn-chromosome from a cell at a suitable time and place in the optic disk of the larva results in a female fly with a mosaic eye.

1995 Sci. News 25 Feb. 116/1 The disorder..is characterized by sudden loss of vision due to a painless swelling of the optic disc.

optic fibre n. = optical fibre n. at optical adj. and n. Compounds.

ΚΠ

1972 Abstr. 1972 Ann. Meeting Optical Soc. Amer. 75 The amount of light returned to a photosensor was dependent upon the diaphragm shape and relative position from the optic fiber bundle.

1992 Apollo June 395/1 The exhibition is very sensitively lit and a novel feature is the illumination of the small reliefs with optic-fibre lighting.

optic foramen n. Anatomy either of a pair of openings in the sphenoid bone through which the optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries pass.

ΚΠ

1828 J. Quain Elements Anat. ii. 112 Round the optic foramen on each side are attached the four recti.

1904 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 196 275 In front of the enlarged optic foramen no constant vacuity is met with in the side walls of the skull.

1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 294 At the posterior end of the junction of the roof with the medial wall the optic canal (optic foramen) establishes communication between the orbit and the middle cranial fossa.

optic ganglion n. Anatomy and Zoology any of various bodies of nervous tissue associated with the eye or the optic nerve; (formerly) spec. †a quadrigeminal body (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 409 The anterior or cerebral portion of the nervous system [in the centipede] is formed originally by the coalescence of at least two pairs of ganglia, the antennal and optic ganglia.

1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. 230 The vesicular matter of the retina is an offshoot..from that of the optic ganglion.

1921 Science 13 May 462/2 It is probable that the optic ganglion is normally developed in the eyeless individual [sc. a cave-dwelling cladoceran].

1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) xi. 351/2 The nerve impulses are processed in a complex optic ganglion deep below the ommatidia [sc. in modern arthropods].

optic groove n. Anatomy a groove on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone in which the optic chiasma lies.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 606/1 Optic groove.

1945 Amer. Midland Naturalist 33 276 In Marmota..the optic groove is quadrate in outline.

optic lobe n. Anatomy and Zoology any of various lobes of the brain associated with the optic nerve or with vision; (formerly) spec. †a quadrigeminal body (obsolete).

ΚΠ

1826 Lancet 13 May 209/1 The complete cerebro-spinal system of mammalia, consists..3d, the optic lobes, or quadrigemina.

1912 Science 26 July 122/1 The neural surface of all this portion of the brain, including..the optic lobes and the cerebellum, being derived from the procephalic neuromeres.

1993 Nature 8 Apr. 494/2 The discovery of a new class of neuron in the optic lobe of the dragonfly.

optic neuritis n. Medicine inflammation of an optic nerve.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > other disorders of eye

holks1513

red heat1527

hypopyon1706

photophobia1772

buphthalmos1821

ophthalmoplegia1835

periorbitis1839

ophthalmoplegy1848

pinguecule1858

choked disc1870

optic neuritis1873

cyclitis1879

papillitis1879

Leber's disease1890

ophthalmopathy1897

papilloedema1908

sanpaku1963

1873 H. C. Angell Treat. Dis. Eye 29 An optic neuritis is connected with meningitis of the base of the brain.

1993 Sci. News 11 Dec. 390/2 One of these neurological problems, optic neuritis, leads to sudden temporary loss or impairment of vision.

optic papilla n. Anatomy = optic disc n.

ΚΠ

1867 J. King Causes Chronic Dis. 1484 If the ophthalmoscope be used, we will observe..a well-marked excavation of the optic papilla.

1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. xvi. 497/2 The axons of the retinal ganglion cells..converge at the optic papilla into a bundle of fibers named the optic nerve.

optic peduncle n. (a) Zoology the eyestalk of a crustacean; (b) Embryology = optic stalk n.

ΚΠ

1866–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 15 260 From each side of the cephalic masses springs a thick optic peduncle which ends in the optic lobe.

1890 Cent. Dict. at Optic Optic peduncle, in crustaceans, an eye-stalk or ophthalmite.

1977 Q. Rev. Biol. 52 356/2 The optic cup and optic peduncle of the embryo.

† optic pencil n. Obsolete the double cone of light rays that pass from an object point through the lens of the eye and are focused on the retina.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > rays or waves > set of

pencil1665

optic pencil1704

cone of rays1706

sheaf1863

wave group1923

1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. vii. 360 Called the optick pencil, as being the instrument whereby the pictures or images of things are delineated to the eye.

1815 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 105 297 The hole through which they pass in coming to the eye should be much larger than the diameter of the optic pencils, and considerably nearer the glass than their focus.

† optic sinew n. Anatomy Obsolete = optic nerve n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves > specific cranial nerves

optic sinew?c1425

recurrent nerve1578

optic1615

optic nerve1615

recurrent1615

par vagum1666

fourth nerve1681

accessory nerve1682

chorda tympani1807

abducens1809

hypoglossus1811

pneumogastric1826

pneumogastric nerve1827

hypoglossal nerve1828

facial1834

fifth nerve1836–9

vagus1840

vagal nerve1854

vagus nerve1856

Jacobson's nerve1860

oculomotor1868

trigeminus1875

hypoglossal1876

oculimotor1890

pathetic1890

sixth1899

trigeminal1899

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 41 Out of þe formest partie of þe brayn comeþ tweye hologh senewes þat ben I-clepid optici [L. obtici].]

?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 43 The þridde tunycle spryngeþ of þe synowe optike [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. optico].

?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Eiij Wherfore are the synewes obtykes perced? Answere. For to be the waye of the spyryte vysyble.

1658 N. Billingsley Infancy of World §8 45 The Optick sinews, or the Optick strings, Draw in the sight of sublunary things.

† optic square n. Obsolete rare = optical square n. at optical adj. and n. Compounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > for laying off lines at right angles

optic square1809

optical square1853

1809 Farmer's Mag. 10 489 By means of the optic square..a right-lined figure of any size can be measured with the utmost accuracy.

optic stalk n. (a) Embryology the stalk connecting the optic vesicle with the forebrain, from which the optic tract develops; (b) Zoology the ommatophore of a snail; (c) Zoology the eyestalk of a crustacean.

ΚΠ

1886 Proc. Royal Soc. 40 563 The stage passed through when the at first round cellular elements of the optic stalk are lengthening out.

1890 Cent. Dict. at Optic Optic stalk, an ommatophore.

1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 210/2 The axons of each lateral half of the cyclopian eye tended to..take their customary pathway, in spite of the malformed optic stalk and diencephalon.

1992 Nature 5 Nov. 88/2 At 14h of development, additional pax[b] expression is detected in the optic stalk.

optic tectum n. Anatomy and Zoology the part of the tectum mesencephali concerned with the functioning of the visual system.

ΚΠ

1896 Science 28 Feb. 330/1 In fishes..he has..demonstrated an indirect connection between the optic tectum and the axial lobe.

1926 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 40 217 The optic tectum far surpasses the cortical areas of the reptilian hemispheres.

1997 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 264 1724/1 The juncture between the diencephalon and optic tectum.

optic thalamus n. Anatomy and Zoology either of the two lateral geniculate bodies which link the optic tracts with the cortex and midbrain.

ΚΠ

1825 Lancet 12 Nov. 269/1 Mr. Key..has discovered in each an unnatural appearance of the optic thalami.

1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. v. 357 What of the optic thalamus and the grey inlay of the pons Varolii?

1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xvii. 251 In a dorsal view the diencephalon or optic thalamus is represented only by the pineal body.

optic tract n. Anatomy the part of either optic nerve pathway between the optic chiasma and the brain.

ΚΠ

1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 606/1 Optic nerve, Immediately after their origin the optic tracts proceed forwards.

1925 Science 18 Sept. 256/1 The action of organic arsenicals upon the optic tract.

1989 C. R. Legg Issues in Psychobiol. (BNC) 59 The optic tract projects to a number of anatomically distinct regions in the brainstem.

optic tube n. now historical or archaic a telescope; also figurative.

ΚΠ

1651 W. Davenant Gondibert v. ii. 16 Others with Optick Tubes the Moons scant face..Attract through Glasses.

a1781 R. Jago Edge-hill i, in Poems (1784) 33 Her piercing eye extends beyond the reach Of optic tube, levell'd by midnight sage, At the moon's disk.

1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. vi. 38 Survey With optic tubes, the systems circling round.

1930 H. T. Stetson Man & Stars vi. 55 The elders of that day refused to look through Galileo's optic tube to see the moons of Jupiter.

1962 B. Blackstone Lost Travellers 82 Armed with the optic tube of ‘indigence’, the purified senses behold concrete existence.

optic tubercle n. Anatomy and Zoology each of the four optic lobes of a mammal.

ΚΠ

1861 J. C. Dalton Treat. Human Physiol. 420 The optic nerves cross each other..; that from the right optic tubercle passing to the left eye, and that from the left optic tubercle passing to the right eye.

1982 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 298 310 Fibres from the two lobes run to..the anterior optic tubercle.

optic vesicle n. Embryology either of a pair of vesicles connected with the forebrain of an embryo, from which the optic nerve and retina are developed.

ΚΠ

1850 H. Gray in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 190 From the most anterior one there arose a protrusion on each side, having a somewhat dilated extremity: this protrusion I will call the optic vesicle.

1929 S. Duke-Elder Recent Adv. in Ophthalmol. (ed. 2) iii. 104 As the primary optic vesicle invaginates, two layers are formed.

1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xvii. 953 (caption) The outer part of the optic vesicle invaginates, reducing the vesicle lumen to an interface between two layers.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	optic
释义	opticadj.n. Brit. /ˈɒptɪk/, U.S. /ˈɑptɪk/ Forms: Middle English obtic, Middle English obtik, Middle English opitik (transmission error), Middle English 1600s– optic, Middle English–1600s optike, 1500s obtyke, 1500s–1600s opticke, 1500s–1700s optique, 1500s–1800s optick, 1600s obtick. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French optique; Latin opticus. Etymology: < Middle French, French optique of or relating to the eye (1314 in Old French as obtique in nerfs obtiques (see optic nerve n.); 16th cent. as optique ), of or relating to sight and light (1567) and its etymon post-classical Latin opticus of or relating to the eye (c1115 in a British source in nervi optici (see optic nerve n.), a1250 in a British source as obticus (see quot. a1398 at sense A. 1a); from 13th cent. in continental sources), of or relating to sight (15th cent. in continental sources) < ancient Greek ὀπτικός of or relating to sight < -οπτος in compounds, in Hellenistic Greek as an independent word, ὀπτός seen, visible ( < ὀπ- , stem also seen in ὀπ- , ὄψ eye, face, ὄψομαι I shall see; < the same Indo-European base as classical Latin oculus oculus n.) + -ικός -ic suffix. Compare Old Occitan optic (c1350), Catalan òptic (1491), Spanish óptico (1493), Italian †optico (1574; now ottico (Florio 1598)), Portuguese optico (16th cent.), all earliest in medical context. With use as noun compare post-classical Latin opticum (neuter) optical instrument (16th cent.), opticus (masculine) a person skilled in optics (1531), French optique viewpoint, perspective (1836), and see also optics n. Compare later optical adj. and n.On the form history compare:1656 T. Blount Glossographia To Rdr. There is a liberty in most Adjectives, whether you will say Optique (after the French), Optick, Opticous, or Optical. A. adj. 1. a. Anatomy. Of, relating to or connected with the eye or with the process of vision. Chiefly in the names of particular structures of the eye and the brain (see Compounds). ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [adjective] ophthalmic?a1425 optic?a1425 ocular1598 oculopalpebral1867 oculofrontal1890 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 41 Out of þe formest partie of þe brayn comeþ tweye hologh senewes þat ben I-clepid optici [L. obtici].] ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 11^v (MED) It bihoueþ þe neruez obtic [?c1425 Paris synowes opitikes; L. neruos opticos] for to be perced þat þai shuld be waie of þe spirit. 1543 B. Traheron tr. J. de Vigo Most Excellent Wks. Chirurg. i. i. f. 3/2 That they might receaue the visible spirite by the synnowe called Optique. 1650 W. Charleton tr. J. B. van Helmont Ternary of Paradoxes (new ed.) 59 The effascination by the optick emission of the eyes. 1718 M. Prior Alma i, in Poems Several Occasions (new ed.) 320 Two Optic Nerves, They say, she tYes, Like Spectacles, a-cross the Eyes. 1854 R. Owen Struct. Skeleton & Teeth in Orr's Circle Sci.: Org. Nature I. 176 The alisphenoids protect the sides of the optic lobes. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ix. 387 This decussation of fibres is called the optic commissure or chiasma. 1947 A. D. Imms Outl. Entomol. (ed. 3) ii. 39 The retinula is composed of a group of 7 pigmented visual cells which collectively secrete an internal optic rod or rhabdom. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) vii. 194 The eye..is not enclosed (although there may be considerable cartilage in the wall of the eyeball—in a sense an optic capsule). b. Medicine. Of a disease or disorder: affecting the eyes; (also, of an operation) performed on the eye (rare). ΚΠ 1873 H. C. Angell Treat. Dis. Eye 29 An optic neuritis is connected with meningitis of the base of the brain. 1890 J. S. Billings National Med. Dict. 254/2 Optic neurotomy, division of the optic nerve. 1931 Science 5 June 614/1 Cataract, glaucoma, optic atrophy, myopia, etc., are inherited in a great many instances. 1989 Brain 112 1092 Others have argued that optic aphasia is attributable to impaired object recognition. 2. Designating the art or science of optics. Formerly also: †skilled in or relating to optics (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [adjective] optic1569 1569 J. Sanford tr. H. C. Agrippa Of Vanitie Artes & Sci. 34 Nexte after Geometrie, is the Arte Opticke [L. optica] which is called Perspectiue. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus Yet haue they the Art optick to search out thy drifts. They will knowe thy visage by thy vizarde, thy pretended subteltie by thy counterfeit simplicitie. 1631 tr. J. A. Comenius Porta Linguarum Reserata lxxvi. §769 An opticke or speculatiue man searcheth discernable rayes or beames, and visible obiects..discerning, and according thereunto fashioning..perspective glasses. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia (at cited word) The Optick Science is that by which the reason of sight is known. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §6. 4 Another way, mention'd by the Optic Writers. 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §29. 18 I shall lay before you..the Words..with which he concludes his Optic Lectures. 1933 J. Meier-Graefe Vincent Van Gogh iv. 89 The optic sciences, led by Chevreul, had already established laws governing the choice, arrangement, division and gradation of colours. 2000 Buffalo News (N.Y.) (Nexis) 11 June (Lifestyles) 4 The bridegroom is a graduate of Northwestern University and received a doctorate in optic science from University of Arizona. 3. gen. Of or relating to sight; visual. Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [adjective] perspective?a1475 optical1570 optic1600 visual1603 specular1656 speculative1656 visional1790 visionary1814 ocular1831 1600 B. Jonson Every Man out of his Humor ii. i. sig. Eiv^v Dazle, you organs to my optique sence. 1657 J. Trapp Comm. Job ix. 11 God is all window, and he, like the Optike vertue in the eye, seeth all, and is seen of none. 1805 T. Harral Scenes of Life II. 44 His optic senses were somewhat awakened by the brilliant appearance. 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. x. 98/2 May we not well cry shame on an ungrateful world..that will waste its optic faculty on dried Crocodiles, and Siamese Twins! 1926 J. B. Cabell Straws & Prayer-bks. (new ed.) 211 The..critics..have pointed out how intensely Mr. Hergesheimer realizes the sensuous world of his characters and, in particular, the optic world. 1968 Brain 91 336 This is similar to what occurs in cases of schizophrenic optic illusions leading to hallucinations. 4. Of an instrument or device: constructed to assist vision; (also) acting by means of light.See also optic fibre n. at Compounds, optic glass n., optic tube n. at Compounds. ΚΠ 1607 T. Walkington (title) The optick glasse of humors. a1626 L. Andrewes Serm. (1856) I. 42 We shall need no prospective glasses, or optic instruments, to make it visible. 1681 N. Grew Musæum Regalis Societatis iv. §3. 376 An Optique box, used as help in Drawing. 1748 Lady Luxborough Let. 11 Sept. in Lett. to W. Shenstone (1775) 54 Mr. Sanders speaking of the dimension of his Optic Glasses..put me in mind of measuring mine. 1884 Guardian 3 Sept. 1293/3 The general..with whom he was in communication by optic telegraph. 1930 H. T. Stetson Man & Stars vi. 55 The elders of that day refused to look through Galileo's optic tube to see the moons of Jupiter. 1988 Washington Post 2 Dec. e1/1 I drive a van. It has lots of windows, three mirrors and an optic patch on the rear window. 5. Of or relating to the path of light, esp. through the eye. Now rare.See also optic angle n., optic axis n., optic axis n. at Compounds. ΚΠ 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 80 Take a fresh Eye..cut it with a plain Parallel to the Optick Axis. 1781 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 72 96 It has been observed, that objects grow indistinct when the principal optic pencil at the eye becomes less than the 40th or 50th part of an inch in diameter. 1889 G. M. Hopkins Exper. Sci. xii. 258 The angle between the optic axes in some crystals is so small as to permit of seeing them readily. 1972 J. Stone & A. J. Phillips Contact Lenses iv. 105 The optic radii of a contact lens are similar to those of the cornea. B. n. †1. [See etymological note at optics n.] = optics n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical skills and techniques > [noun] perspectivea1387 optic1563 optics1579 the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > science of optic1563 optics1579 photology1828 photics1858 1563 J. Shute First Grovndes Archit. Bij^v Consequently in Opticke and in such lyke sciences he must haue good perceuerance. 1611 J. Florio Queen Anna's New World of Words Ottica, the science whereby the reason of sight is knowen, the optike. 1628 R. Burton Anat. Melancholy (ed. 3) ii. ii. iv. 260 Arithmeticke, Geometry, Perspectiue, Opticke, Astronomy. 1646 J. Saltmarsh Some Drops of Viall i. 18 Bringing in Christ by Obtick or sense, and making conversion to be by perspective. 1869 Eng. Mech. 17 Dec. 329/1 Can they be explained according to the laws..of optic and perspective? 2. a. Originally: †a simple lens, as an eyeglass or magnifying glass; (also) †an optical instrument, as a telescope (obsolete). Now: a camera lens. Also figurative.Quot. 1599 may belong at sense A. 1; though the figurative use in quot. 1621 implies that the literal sense was already in existence. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > [noun] > instrument for looking through perspectivec1395 spectaclec1430 prospectionc1460 perspective glass1570 optic1599 optic glass1607 optical glassc1660 glass1700 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > lens > [noun] glass1545 optic1599 optic glass1607 perspicil1611 lenticular1658 spectacle-glass1682 lens1693 speculum1756 optical1944 lenslet1956 1599 T. Storer Life & Death Wolsey sig. H Yea they, whose opticke still redoubles light, And teaches men how they may see too farre That Art which bids Natures poore eies good night. 1621 J. Fletcher et al. Trag. of Thierry & Theodoret i. i. sig. Bi^v The sinnes we doe, people behold through opticks, Which shewes vm ten times more than common vices. a1631 J. Donne To Mr. Tilman in Div. Poems 46 If then, th' astronomers, whereas they spy A new-found star, their opticks magnify. 1673 R. Allestree Ladies Calling ii. iii. §16 She that can make her mourning veil an optic to draw a new lover neerer to her sight. 1745 E. Haywood Female Spectator No. 17 (1748) III. 268 The telescope was again unscrewed,..when..they were obliged to draw in the optic, and make fast the window, against which it had been placed. a1806 H. K. White Remains (1807) I. 289 Which bright thro' hope's deceitful optics beam'd. 1886 Daily Tel. 7 Apr. 5/4 One of the two places..where alone these gigantic ‘opticks’ can be properly perfected. 1978 SLR Camera Aug. 47/3 Considering this optic is a continuous focusing unit from 6 ft to 6 inches, this is a very commendable performance. 1991 Photo Answers June 84/2 The lens isn't awful, in fact for the money it's pretty good, but spending a few quid more will get you a better optic. b. In plural. The optical components of an instrument or apparatus. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > [noun] eye1858 autoscope1873 optics1942 1942 J. Mitchell Ilford Man. Photogr. xiv. 297 (heading) Optics of the condenser enlarger. 1962 Analyt. Chem. 34 242/2 A double-beam infrared microspectrophotometer employing a double-beam-in-time system and reflecting optics having 8× magnification. 1993 Nature 29 Apr. 778/3 The repairs to be carried out include..the installation of a device to correct the optics of the troubled telescope. c. A particular way of interpreting or experiencing something; a viewpoint, a perspective.Frequently in contexts dealing with French literature, critical theory, etc. ΚΠ 1958 French Rev. 31 386 Schehadé's optic resembles that of Giraudoux insofar as both dramatists tend to see life through the eyes of innocence. 1972 R. T. Denommé French Parnassian Poets iv. 79 De Lisle attempts to reverse the procedure by requesting that his readers adjust their nineteenth-century optic to the superior cultural values of the Ancients. 1990 Canad. Jrnl. Linguistics 35 79 The optic of a lot of modern sociologists is reversed here. 1998 D. Gellner in M. Alfino et al. McDonaldization Revisited Foreword p. xii Ritzer primarily focuses on the phenomenon from the optic of Weber's theory of rationalization. 3. a. The eye. Usually in plural. Now humorous.Originally the learned and elegant term. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > external parts of body > head > face > eye > [noun] eyeeOE the fleshly eyec1175 balla1400 window1481 glazier1567 light1580 crystal1592 orb1594 glass1597 optic1601 twinkler1605 lampa1616 watchera1616 wink-a-peeps1615 visive organa1652 ogle1673 peeper1691 goggle?1705 visual orb1725 orbit1727 winker1734 peep?1738 daylights?1747 eyewinker1808 keeker1808 glimmer1814 blinker1816 glim1820 goggler1821 skylight1824 ocular1825 mince pie1857 saucer1858 mince1937 1601 B. Jonson Fountaine of Selfe-love i. iii. sig. C One..whose Optiques haue drunke the spirit of beauty, in some eight score and eighteene Princes Courts. 1625 R. Brathwait Ess. Five Senses (ed. 2) Table sig. A6 By that Elevating muscle, by which it is distinguished from the Optick in all other Creatures, it [sc. the eye] is taught to bee on that Object onely fixed, where it may be wholly and solely satisfied. 1650 J. Howell Instr. Forren Travell (new ed.) App. 140 Not by hear-say only, or through the mist of other mens breaths, but through the cleere casements of his own optiques. 1668 J. Denham Poems 82 Our corporeal eyes, (we find) Dazle the Opticks of our Mind. 1708 J. Swift Elegy on Mr Patrige (single sheet) Patrige made his Opticks rise, From a Shoe Sole to reach the Skies. 1744 R. North & M. North Life Sir D. North & Rev. J. North 240 He surveyed it with all his Optics. 1775 J. Trumbull MʽFingal 3 But optics sharp it needs, I ween, To see what is not to be seen. 1818 Q. Rev. 18 133 An advantage..which has escaped the optics of former writers. 1850 N. Hawthorne Scarlet Let. ii. 69 Yet those same bleared optics had a strange, penetrating power. 1910 ‘O. Henry’ Strictly Business 240 Spring winked a vitreous optic at Editor Westbrook of the Minerva Magazine. 1958 T. H. White Once & Future King ii. ix. 279 And yours truly will continuously wink one optic or the other. 1993 E. Mildmay Lucker & Tiffany peel Out (BNC) 62 Talking of eyes, my optics are almost burnt through. †b. The optic nerve. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves > specific cranial nerves optic sinew?c1425 recurrent nerve1578 optic1615 optic nerve1615 recurrent1615 par vagum1666 fourth nerve1681 accessory nerve1682 chorda tympani1807 abducens1809 hypoglossus1811 pneumogastric1826 pneumogastric nerve1827 hypoglossal nerve1828 facial1834 fifth nerve1836–9 vagus1840 vagal nerve1854 vagus nerve1856 Jacobson's nerve1860 oculomotor1868 trigeminus1875 hypoglossal1876 oculimotor1890 pathetic1890 sixth1899 trigeminal1899 1615 H. Crooke Μικροκοσμογραϕια 485 The first coniugation therefore of the nerues of the braine are the Opticks. 1657 W. Rand tr. P. Gassendi Mirrour of Nobility v. 97 The Optic, or the middle of the Retina. †c. In plural. Visual power. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun] i-sightc888 seneOE lightOE eyesightc1175 sightc1200 rewarda1382 seeingc1390 viewc1390 outwitc1400 starec1400 speculation1471 eyec1475 vision1493 ray1531 visive power1543 sightfulnessa1586 outsight1605 conspectuitya1616 visibility1616 optics1643 rock of eye1890 visuality1923 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §44 Nor is it in the Opticks of these eyes to behold felicity. View more context for this quotation 1709 J. Reynolds Death's Vision vi. 15 Will He come Teach an Unfledg'd Soul to Fly, To see, without the Optics of an Eye? 1721 T. D'Urfey Grecian Heroine v. i, in New Opera's 142 On this with covetous Eyes I us'd to gaze, 'till I even crackt their Opticks. †4. A person skilled in optics. Obsolete.In quot. 1636: one who has a ‘good eye’ or well-trained sight. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > one skilled in optics > [noun] optic1613 optist1640 optician1672 opticist1884 the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > types of vision > [noun] > clear- or sharp-sightedness > person or type lynx1340 optic1613 oculist1652 1613 R. Anton Moriomachia 23 Beleeue not the Glasse, (quoth the Page) for the knauish Opticke made it to reflect many faire figures on fowle faces. 1636 D. Featley Clavis Mystica xxxi. 410 Artificiall pictures drawne by the pencill of a skilful Opticke. 1676 Philos. Trans. 1675 (Royal Soc.) 10 501 Mr. Newton had no reason to tax P. Pardies of Hallucination... For that learned optike very well saw [etc.]. 5. A device attached to the neck of a bottle for delivering a measured quantity of spirits or other drinks, usually with the bottle fixed in an inverted position. Also optic measure.A proprietary name in the United Kingdom. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > providing or serving drink > [noun] > serving liquor > utensils for > specific for measuring amount optic1926 1926 Trade Marks Jrnl. 22 Sept. 2158 Optic, an apparatus included in Class 8, for delivering a measured quantity of Spirits or other Liquids. 1953 Word for Word (Whitbread & Co.) 27/2 Optic, a measuring and dispensing device widely used for spirits. It is usually inserted into the neck of an inverted bottle. 1968 ‘A. Haig’ Sign on for Tokyo 58 Joe could see his face reflected in the glass behind the bar, between the spirits bottles on their optic measures. 1970 V. Canning Great Affair xii. 215 A row of shining optics under the whisky and gin bottles. 1997 A. Wood EastEnders (BBC TV script) (O.E.D. Archive) Episode 561. 41 (stage direct.) Cut to Phil behind the bar picking up a glass and turning to the vodka optic. Compounds optic angle n. †(a) the angle formed at the eye by the extremities of an object viewed; the visual angle (obsolete); (b) the angle between the optic axes of the eyes when directed to the same object; (c) the angle between the optic axes of a biaxial doubly refracting crystal. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > [noun] > visual angle optic angle1709 visual angle1710 1709 G. Berkeley Ess. New Theory of Vision §15. 8 Tho' we should grant the real Existence of those Optic Angles. ?1790 J. Imison School of Arts (ed. 2) 210 Easy to apprehend, by any person who understands the nature of the optic angle. 1881 Science 24 Dec. 611/2 For distances of more than 240 m. the optic angle becomes inappreciable. 1890 Cent. Dict. at Optic Optic angle,..(c) The angle between the optic axes in a biaxial crystal. 1922 N. H. Winchell & A. N. Winchell Elem. Optical Mineral. (ed. 2) I. xvi. 159 The acute angle between the optic axes is called the optic angle. 1970 Science 30 Jan. 666/3 Optic-angle-measurements suggest that the disorientations generally are not related to changes in chemical composition. optic axis n. (a) = optical axis n. (a) at optical adj. and n. Compounds; (b) Crystallography and Mineralogy the direction in which the ordinary and the extraordinary rays passing through a doubly refracting crystal behave alike, so that there is no double refraction. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > optical instruments > instruments to refract, etc., light > [noun] > optic axis optic axis1664 the world > life > the body > sense organ > sight organ > parts of sight organ > [noun] > axis optical axis1663 optic axis1664 1664 H. Power Exper. Philos. i. 80 Take a fresh Eye..cut it with a plain Parallel to the Optick Axis. 1723 J. Clarke tr. Rohault's Syst. Nat. Philos. I. i. xxxi. 247 We turn our Eyes to it in such a manner, that the two Optick Axes meet at the Point which we fix our Attention principally upon. 1825 Lancet 12 Nov. 246/2 The optic, or visual axis, is a straight line drawn through the centre of the cornea, pupil, lens, and vitreous humour. 1889 G. M. Hopkins Exper. Sci. xii. 258 The angle between the optic axes in some crystals is so small as to permit of seeing them readily. 1992 S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 195/1 A Lyot element is field widened by dividing the crystal in half in the optic axis direction. optic chiasm n. Anatomy = optic chiasma n. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 176/2 Chiasmus, the crucial union of parts,—as the optic commissure or chiasm. 1921 F. Tilney & H. A. Riley Form & Functions Central Nerv. Syst. xxxi. 550 Situated above the optic chiasm and in communication with the chamber of the third ventricle is a small canal. 1996 Science 8 Nov. 972 (caption) Diagram of the whole-brain preparation showing the stimulating electrode..in the optic chiasm. optic chiasma n. Anatomy the X-shaped structure formed at the point below the brain where the two optic nerves cross each other. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > commissure commissure1695 corpus callosum1706 optic commissure1848 optic chiasma1856 supracommissure1886 1856–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 8 9 To throw light on the relations of the fibres of the [optic] nerve to those of the opposite one in the optic chiasma or commissure. 1932 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 110 129 Electrical stimulation of the brain in the region of the optic chiasma. 1986 A. S. Romer & T. S. Parsons Vertebr. Body (ed. 6) xv. 515 Reaching the floor of the forebrain, the optic nerve fibers enter via the X-shaped optic chiasma. optic commissure n. Anatomy = optic chiasma n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > cerebrospinal axis > brain > parts of brain > [noun] > commissure commissure1695 corpus callosum1706 optic commissure1848 optic chiasma1856 supracommissure1886 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 176/2 Chiasmus, the crucial union of parts,—as the optic commissure or chiasm. 1873 St. G. Mivart Lessons Elem. Anat. ix. 387 This decussation of fibres is called the optic commissure or chiasma. 1983 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 301 36 The optic commissure is a thin bundle of fibres. optic cup n. (a) Embryology a cuplike depression in the front of the optic vesicle of an embryo that later forms the retina; (b) Anatomy the depression at the centre of the optic disc. ΚΠ 1882 Proc. Royal Soc. 1881–2 33 114 The main subject dealt with is the nature of the mesoblastic structures entering the cavity of the optic cup, through the choroid slit. 1926 Sci. Monthly Apr. 320/2 One of the early symptoms of increased intracranial pressure was a change in the characteristic appearance of the optic cup. 1974 D. Webster & M. Webster Compar. Vertebr. Morphol. x. 208 During the development of the optic cup the overlying surface ectoderm thickens, forming a lens placode. optic disc n. Anatomy a slightly raised pinkish white disc on the retina at the point of entry of the optic nerve, lacking visual receptors and so forming a blind spot. ΚΠ 1858 J. Hogg Ophthalmoscope (ed. 2) 43 The turbidity clears up gradually, and in from two to six weeks we begin to see the optic disc as through a fog. 1934 Science 14 Dec. 547/2 An elimination of the BMn-chromosome from a cell at a suitable time and place in the optic disk of the larva results in a female fly with a mosaic eye. 1995 Sci. News 25 Feb. 116/1 The disorder..is characterized by sudden loss of vision due to a painless swelling of the optic disc. optic fibre n. = optical fibre n. at optical adj. and n. Compounds. ΚΠ 1972 Abstr. 1972 Ann. Meeting Optical Soc. Amer. 75 The amount of light returned to a photosensor was dependent upon the diaphragm shape and relative position from the optic fiber bundle. 1992 Apollo June 395/1 The exhibition is very sensitively lit and a novel feature is the illumination of the small reliefs with optic-fibre lighting. optic foramen n. Anatomy either of a pair of openings in the sphenoid bone through which the optic nerves and ophthalmic arteries pass. ΚΠ 1828 J. Quain Elements Anat. ii. 112 Round the optic foramen on each side are attached the four recti. 1904 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 196 275 In front of the enlarged optic foramen no constant vacuity is met with in the side walls of the skull. 1962 Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 294 At the posterior end of the junction of the roof with the medial wall the optic canal (optic foramen) establishes communication between the orbit and the middle cranial fossa. optic ganglion n. Anatomy and Zoology any of various bodies of nervous tissue associated with the eye or the optic nerve; (formerly) spec. †a quadrigeminal body (obsolete). ΚΠ 1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 409 The anterior or cerebral portion of the nervous system [in the centipede] is formed originally by the coalescence of at least two pairs of ganglia, the antennal and optic ganglia. 1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. (ed. 2) iii. 230 The vesicular matter of the retina is an offshoot..from that of the optic ganglion. 1921 Science 13 May 462/2 It is probable that the optic ganglion is normally developed in the eyeless individual [sc. a cave-dwelling cladoceran]. 1993 E. N. K. Clarkson Invertebr. Palaeontol. & Evol. (ed. 3) xi. 351/2 The nerve impulses are processed in a complex optic ganglion deep below the ommatidia [sc. in modern arthropods]. optic groove n. Anatomy a groove on the upper surface of the sphenoid bone in which the optic chiasma lies. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 606/1 Optic groove. 1945 Amer. Midland Naturalist 33 276 In Marmota..the optic groove is quadrate in outline. optic lobe n. Anatomy and Zoology any of various lobes of the brain associated with the optic nerve or with vision; (formerly) spec. †a quadrigeminal body (obsolete). ΚΠ 1826 Lancet 13 May 209/1 The complete cerebro-spinal system of mammalia, consists..3d, the optic lobes, or quadrigemina. 1912 Science 26 July 122/1 The neural surface of all this portion of the brain, including..the optic lobes and the cerebellum, being derived from the procephalic neuromeres. 1993 Nature 8 Apr. 494/2 The discovery of a new class of neuron in the optic lobe of the dragonfly. optic neuritis n. Medicine inflammation of an optic nerve. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of eye > [noun] > other disorders of eye holks1513 red heat1527 hypopyon1706 photophobia1772 buphthalmos1821 ophthalmoplegia1835 periorbitis1839 ophthalmoplegy1848 pinguecule1858 choked disc1870 optic neuritis1873 cyclitis1879 papillitis1879 Leber's disease1890 ophthalmopathy1897 papilloedema1908 sanpaku1963 1873 H. C. Angell Treat. Dis. Eye 29 An optic neuritis is connected with meningitis of the base of the brain. 1993 Sci. News 11 Dec. 390/2 One of these neurological problems, optic neuritis, leads to sudden temporary loss or impairment of vision. optic papilla n. Anatomy = optic disc n. ΚΠ 1867 J. King Causes Chronic Dis. 1484 If the ophthalmoscope be used, we will observe..a well-marked excavation of the optic papilla. 1974 V. B. Mountcastle et al. Med. Physiol. (ed. 13) I. xvi. 497/2 The axons of the retinal ganglion cells..converge at the optic papilla into a bundle of fibers named the optic nerve. optic peduncle n. (a) Zoology the eyestalk of a crustacean; (b) Embryology = optic stalk n. ΚΠ 1866–7 Proc. Royal Soc. 15 260 From each side of the cephalic masses springs a thick optic peduncle which ends in the optic lobe. 1890 Cent. Dict. at Optic Optic peduncle, in crustaceans, an eye-stalk or ophthalmite. 1977 Q. Rev. Biol. 52 356/2 The optic cup and optic peduncle of the embryo. † optic pencil n. Obsolete the double cone of light rays that pass from an object point through the lens of the eye and are focused on the retina. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > electromagnetic radiation > light > [noun] > rays or waves > set of pencil1665 optic pencil1704 cone of rays1706 sheaf1863 wave group1923 1704 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World II. vii. 360 Called the optick pencil, as being the instrument whereby the pictures or images of things are delineated to the eye. 1815 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 105 297 The hole through which they pass in coming to the eye should be much larger than the diameter of the optic pencils, and considerably nearer the glass than their focus. † optic sinew n. Anatomy Obsolete = optic nerve n. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > nervous system > nerve > specific nerves > [noun] > pairs of cranial nerves > specific cranial nerves optic sinew?c1425 recurrent nerve1578 optic1615 optic nerve1615 recurrent1615 par vagum1666 fourth nerve1681 accessory nerve1682 chorda tympani1807 abducens1809 hypoglossus1811 pneumogastric1826 pneumogastric nerve1827 hypoglossal nerve1828 facial1834 fifth nerve1836–9 vagus1840 vagal nerve1854 vagus nerve1856 Jacobson's nerve1860 oculomotor1868 trigeminus1875 hypoglossal1876 oculimotor1890 pathetic1890 sixth1899 trigeminal1899 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 41 Out of þe formest partie of þe brayn comeþ tweye hologh senewes þat ben I-clepid optici [L. obtici].] ?c1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (Paris) (1971) 43 The þridde tunycle spryngeþ of þe synowe optike [?a1425 N.Y. Acad. Med. optico]. ?1541 R. Copland Guy de Chauliac's Questyonary Cyrurgyens ii. sig. Eiij Wherfore are the synewes obtykes perced? Answere. For to be the waye of the spyryte vysyble. 1658 N. Billingsley Infancy of World §8 45 The Optick sinews, or the Optick strings, Draw in the sight of sublunary things. † optic square n. Obsolete rare = optical square n. at optical adj. and n. Compounds. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > earth sciences > geography > map-making > surveying > [noun] > surveying instruments > for laying off lines at right angles optic square1809 optical square1853 1809 Farmer's Mag. 10 489 By means of the optic square..a right-lined figure of any size can be measured with the utmost accuracy. optic stalk n. (a) Embryology the stalk connecting the optic vesicle with the forebrain, from which the optic tract develops; (b) Zoology the ommatophore of a snail; (c) Zoology the eyestalk of a crustacean. ΚΠ 1886 Proc. Royal Soc. 40 563 The stage passed through when the at first round cellular elements of the optic stalk are lengthening out. 1890 Cent. Dict. at Optic Optic stalk, an ommatophore. 1967 Arch. Neurol. (Chicago) 16 210/2 The axons of each lateral half of the cyclopian eye tended to..take their customary pathway, in spite of the malformed optic stalk and diencephalon. 1992 Nature 5 Nov. 88/2 At 14h of development, additional pax[b] expression is detected in the optic stalk. optic tectum n. Anatomy and Zoology the part of the tectum mesencephali concerned with the functioning of the visual system. ΚΠ 1896 Science 28 Feb. 330/1 In fishes..he has..demonstrated an indirect connection between the optic tectum and the axial lobe. 1926 Jrnl. Compar. Neurol. 40 217 The optic tectum far surpasses the cortical areas of the reptilian hemispheres. 1997 Proc. Royal Soc. B. 264 1724/1 The juncture between the diencephalon and optic tectum. optic thalamus n. Anatomy and Zoology either of the two lateral geniculate bodies which link the optic tracts with the cortex and midbrain. ΚΠ 1825 Lancet 12 Nov. 269/1 Mr. Key..has discovered in each an unnatural appearance of the optic thalami. 1927 H. T. Lowe-Porter tr. T. Mann Magic Mountain (London ed.) I. v. 357 What of the optic thalamus and the grey inlay of the pons Varolii? 1960 D. C. Braungart & R. Buddeke Introd. Animal Biol. (ed. 5) xvii. 251 In a dorsal view the diencephalon or optic thalamus is represented only by the pineal body. optic tract n. Anatomy the part of either optic nerve pathway between the optic chiasma and the brain. ΚΠ 1848 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (ed. 7) 606/1 Optic nerve, Immediately after their origin the optic tracts proceed forwards. 1925 Science 18 Sept. 256/1 The action of organic arsenicals upon the optic tract. 1989 C. R. Legg Issues in Psychobiol. (BNC) 59 The optic tract projects to a number of anatomically distinct regions in the brainstem. optic tube n. now historical or archaic a telescope; also figurative. ΚΠ 1651 W. Davenant Gondibert v. ii. 16 Others with Optick Tubes the Moons scant face..Attract through Glasses. a1781 R. Jago Edge-hill i, in Poems (1784) 33 Her piercing eye extends beyond the reach Of optic tube, levell'd by midnight sage, At the moon's disk. 1827 R. Pollok Course of Time II. vi. 38 Survey With optic tubes, the systems circling round. 1930 H. T. Stetson Man & Stars vi. 55 The elders of that day refused to look through Galileo's optic tube to see the moons of Jupiter. 1962 B. Blackstone Lost Travellers 82 Armed with the optic tube of ‘indigence’, the purified senses behold concrete existence. optic tubercle n. Anatomy and Zoology each of the four optic lobes of a mammal. ΚΠ 1861 J. C. Dalton Treat. Human Physiol. 420 The optic nerves cross each other..; that from the right optic tubercle passing to the left eye, and that from the left optic tubercle passing to the right eye. 1982 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 298 310 Fibres from the two lobes run to..the anterior optic tubercle. optic vesicle n. Embryology either of a pair of vesicles connected with the forebrain of an embryo, from which the optic nerve and retina are developed. ΚΠ 1850 H. Gray in Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 140 190 From the most anterior one there arose a protrusion on each side, having a somewhat dilated extremity: this protrusion I will call the optic vesicle. 1929 S. Duke-Elder Recent Adv. in Ophthalmol. (ed. 2) iii. 104 As the primary optic vesicle invaginates, two layers are formed. 1989 B. Alberts et al. Molecular Biol. Cell (ed. 2) xvii. 953 (caption) The outer part of the optic vesicle invaginates, reducing the vesicle lumen to an interface between two layers. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.?a1425
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