outragen.
/ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌreɪdʒ/ a. Mad, passionate, violent, or disorderly behaviour; confusion caused by over-excitement, disorder; violence of language, insolence. Also occasionally: an instance of this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > reckless or riotous
outragec1300
outraya1425
reeling1487
stroke and strifec1510
rampage1860
rampageousness1883
wilding1989
c1300 Havelok (Laud) (1868) 2837 (MED) Hise children sulde þarne Euere more þat eritage Þat his was for hise utrage.
c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) 329 Þauȝ otuwel speke outrage..King charles..Noble soffre him habbe nouȝt bote god.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) 6986 Qua herde euer of suche outerage?
a1425 (?a1300) Arthour & Merlin (Linc. Inn) (1973) 823 (MED) Þeo hore start vp in a res And wiþ hire fust in outrage Smot hire in þe visage.
a1500 (c1477) T. Norton Ordinal of Alchemy (BL Add.) (1975) 287 (MED) Of theire sclandre & wordes of owtrage we take..litille charge.
a1510 in Aberdeen Univ. Rev. 36 51 Of wemen ys outrage and evele doing.
1592 T. Kyd Spanish Trag. iii. sig. G4v What meanes this outrage? will none of you restraine his fury?
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 106 I feare some out-rage, and Ile follow her. View more context for this quotation
1695 R. Blackmore Prince Arthur i. 14 Outrage, Distraction, Clamour, Tumult Reign Through the Dominions of th' unquiet Main.
1705 J. Philips Blenheim (1715) 25 See, with what Outrage from the frosty North, The early Valiant Swede draws forth his Wings In Battailous Array.
1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 75. ⁋7 I bore the diminution of my riches without any outrages of sorrow.
1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 44 Mr. Burke, with his usual outrage, abuses the Declaration of the rights of Man.
1845 A. M. Hall Whiteboy I. ii. 23 The noise, and opposition, and outrage of the little resolute, but most mechanical, steamer.
b. Violent clamour; an outcry, a loud cry. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > cry or shout (loudness) > [noun] > outcry or clamour
reamOE
ropeOE
brack?c1200
utas1202
hootinga1225
berec1225
noise?c1225
ludea1275
cryc1275
gredingc1275
boastc1300
utasa1325
huec1330
outcrya1382
exclamation1382
ascry1393
spraya1400
clamourc1405
shoutingc1405
scry1419
rumourc1425
motion?a1439
bemec1440
harrowc1440
shout1487
songa1500
brunt1523
ditec1540
uproar1544
clamouring1548
outrage1548
hubbub1555
racket1565
succlamation1566
rear1567
outcrying1569
bellowing1579
brawl1581
hue and cry1584
exclaiming1585
exclaim1587
sanctus1594
hubbaboo1596
oyez1597
conclamation1627
sputter1673
rout1684
dirduma1693
hallalloo1737
yelloching1773
pillaloo1785
whillaloo1790
vocitation1819
blue murder1828
blaring1837
shilloo1842
shillooing1845
pillalooing1847
shriek1929
yammering1937
1548 Hall's Vnion: Richard III f. l They sodeinly put fyer in the lanthornes and make showtes & outrages from toune to toune.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. xi. sig. L4v Hart cannot thinke, what outrage, and what cries,..The hell-bred beast threw forth vnto the skies.
1680 E. Settle Female Prelate iii. 30 Silence his outrage in a Jayl, away with him.
2.
a. An act of violence, esp. one committed against a person or against society; a violent injury or wrong; a gross indignity or affront. Also figurative.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun]
outragec1300
outrakea1400
storming1461
outrageousty1485
outraying1487
ruffianry1583
ruffianism1589
thuggery1838
thuggism1859
mayhem1870
hooliganism1898
rough stuff1913
yobbism1969
yobbery1973
the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harm or injury > [noun] > violent
outragec1300
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [noun] > violent treatment or force > act or instance of
outragec1300
violencea1393
forcea1481
stratagem1581
violency1632
savaging1858
c1300 St. Kenelm (Laud) 95 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 348 Al hire þouȝt was..to bi-þenche sum outrage, Þat þis child were i-brouȝt of dawe for-to habbe is heritage.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 19 Þe timiliche guodes þet he heþ ine lokinge..[he] wasteþ..ine folyes and ine outrages.
c1380 Sir Ferumbras (1879) 1669 (MED) Wilt þou þe selue & ous a slo þorw such a fol outtrage?
a1450 (?c1421) J. Lydgate Siege Thebes (Arun.) (1911) 4039 (MED) Thus the devel for his old outrages..paied hym his wages.
c1475 tr. C. de Pisan Livre du Corps de Policie (Cambr.) (1977) 128 (MED) If a man doo grett outrages and weneth that no man dar avenge it.
1529 T. More Dialogue Heresyes iv. xviii, in Wks. 285/2 Great outrages & temporal harmes that suche heretykes haue been alway wont to doe.
1584 Galway Arch. in 10th Rep. Royal Comm. Hist. MSS (1885) App. v. 434 To mentayne the peace..and suppresse outrages.
1611 J. Speed Hist. Great Brit. ix. ix. 539/1 An incendiarie outrage at Norwich, where the Citizens set fire on the Priorie Church.
1641 Acts Parl. Scotl. (1870) V. 429/1 The pitifull estate of the Britishe in Ireland be the..creuell outraiges of the Irish ther.
1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 140 A fresh Collection of this Fire commits the same Outrages as before.
1714 Boston News-let. 22 Mar. 1/1 Such an Impious Outrage cannot be supposed to be perpetrated by any but such as are avow'd Enemies to Religion in General.
1791 E. Burke Let. to R. Burke in Corr. (1844) III. 226 The Emperor may likewise justly complain of the outrages offered to his sister.
1835 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece I. v. 151 All the chiefs of Greece..to avenge this outrage, sailed with a great armament to Troy.
1880 J. McCarthy Hist. our Own Times IV. liv. 154 Outrages began to increase in atrocity, boldness, and numbers.
1904 S. J. Weyman Abbess of Vlaye iv And who—who does she say dared to commit this outrage?
1940 J. Colville Diary 5 Feb. in Fringes of Power (1985) 81 Bomb outrages occurred in London, Birmingham and elsewhere.
2001 Times 19 Nov. 5/1 All refugees agreed that the worst outrages were committed..by the so-called touris khareji—foreign ‘tourists’ in the Taleban's ranks.
b. Violence affecting others; violent injury or harm (sometimes spec. sexual assault or rape). to do outrage: to exercise violence; to do grievous injury or wrong to; to rape (also in extended use) (now rare).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > behave violently or use force [verb (intransitive)]
to do outragec1325
to make forcea1340
deray1340
outrayc1390
to make strengtha1393
tar and tig?a1500
bull1884
strong-arm1906
to kick ass1977
to get medieval1994
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 3646 To þe king com message Þat þe scottes & þe picars dude hym gret outrage.
c1385 G. Chaucer Knight's Tale 2012 Yet saugh I woodnesse laughyng in his rage, Armed compleynt, outhees, and fiers outrage.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) iii. 279 To..vengen him of thilke oultrage Which was unto his fader do.
c1460 (?c1435) J. Lydgate Minor Poems (1934) ii. 665 A laxatif did hym so gret outrage.
1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xxvii. 98 After that I had be auenged of his falsenes and oultrage.
1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. cclxxxvjv The townes men feared chiefly the oultrage of the souldiours.
1578 J. Rolland Seuin Seages 50 Quhair that he wald, haue done to hir outrage.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. i. sig. N3 And playnd of grieuous outrage, which he red A knight had wrought against a Ladie gent.
1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. i. ix. §2. 181 To defend themselues from outrage.
1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost i. 500 The noyse Of riot ascends..And injury and outrage . View more context for this quotation
1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 499 This endless outrage shall they still sustain? Shall Troy renew'd be forc'd, and fir'd again?
1714 N. Rowe Trag. Jane Shore i. i. 5 I have withheld the merciless stern Law, From doing Outrage on her helpless Beauty.
a1764 C. Churchill Poems (1933) II. 337 Each day new acts of outrage shook the state.
1781 W. Cowper Let. 5 Mar. (1979) I. 455 Wherever there is War there is Misery and Outrage.
1845 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 I. v. 271 Guilty of violent and inflammatory proceedings, and of acts of outrage.
1872 ‘M. Twain’ Roughing It xi. 92 The Vigilance Committee..could never have hoped to live in the Territory secure from outrage or death.
1912 H. R. Haggard Marie vi Would you have me do outrage to my own heart?
1915 C. P. Gilman Herland in Forerunner Dec. 324/1 Women have killed themselves rather than submit to outrage.
1988 P. Wayburn Adventuring in Alaska (rev. ed.) i. 51 The females feed by inserting a tiny stylus into the skin of an animal and sucking blood. Compounding this outrage, they also inject an anesthetizing agent.
c. In extended use: gross or malicious wrong or injury done to feelings, principles, etc.: an instance of this. Also in weakened use: an action or situation which provokes indignation, shock, anger, etc. Frequently with against, on, to, etc.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] > quality > extreme
balea1000
malicea1382
deadlinessc1450
fatality1490
maliciousness1555
virulency1651
fatalness1652
contagium1654
virulentness1727
outrage1735
virulence1748
1735 J. Miller Man of Taste (front matter) Shall not fair and fearless Satire oppose this Outrage upon all Reason and Discretion?
1769 W. Draper in ‘Junius’ Stat Nominis Umbra (1772) I. iv. 33 It is possible to condemn measures, without a barbarous and criminal outrage against men.
1808 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 19 562 If Mr. B. had not disgraced himself by this unpardonable outrage upon private feelings.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. v. 621 To see him and not to spare him was an outrage on humanity and decency.
1877 H. James American (1983) xx They have bullied you, I say; they have tortured you. It's an outrage.
1910 Encycl. Brit. I. 929/1 When Vesalius was dissecting..it was observed that the heart still gave some feeble palpitations... The immediate effects of this outrage to human feelings were the denunciation of the anatomist to the Inquisition.
1951 H. Wouk Caine Mutiny (1952) ii. xiv. 175 It was an outrage against civil liberties, and constitutional rights.
1990 Independent on Sunday 11 Feb. (Review Suppl.) 33/1 When..he argued that Shakespeare was not quite the writer he had been cracked up to be, he caused an outrage.
d. A person of extravagant appearance or behaviour; a wild or eccentric person. Now rare.
ΚΠ
1869 ‘M. Twain’ Innocents Abroad iii. 35 Who is that smooth-faced, animated outrage yonder in the fine clothes?
1884 ‘M. Twain’ Adventures Huckleberry Finn xxiv. 203 Blamed if he warn't the horriblest looking outrage I ever see.
1909 ‘O. Henry’ Roads of Destiny xxi. 351 This old medical outrage floated down to my shack when I sent for him.
a. The exceeding of established or reasonable bounds; lack of moderation, extravagance, excess, esp. of food or drink; exaggeration. Also: an instance of this. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > lack of moderation or restraint > [noun]
unimetec888
unmethelOE
overdeeda1200
unmetheshipa1250
outragec1325
ragec1330
reveriec1350
delavinessc1380
recolagea1400
dissolutionc1400
superfluityc1405
wantonness1448
intemperancy1532
intemperacy?1541
untemperance?1541
intemperance1547
excess1552
immoderateness1569
intemperateness1571
unbridledness1571
inordinateness1577
untemperateness1578
dissoluteness1580
acrasia1590
acrasy1590
intemperature1602
inordination1615
inordinancya1617
immoderation1640
extravagancy1651
debauch1672
extravagance1676
incontinency1715
extravaganza1754
incontinence1836
unmeasuredness1864
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8900 (MED) Þe king vnderstod þat þe maide ne sede non outrage.
J. Gaytryge Lay Folks' Catech. (York Min.) (1901) 86 (MED) Methefulnsse..hedis us fra outrage.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 459 We useþ no glotenye oþer outrage of mete and drynke.
a1425 (a1400) Prick of Conscience (Galba & Harl.) (1863) 1516 Gret outrage we se In pompe and pride and vanite.
c1450 in F. J. Furnivall Hymns to Virgin & Christ (1867) 74 He loueþ more mesure þan outrage.
1485–6 W. Caxton tr. Laurent Ryal Bk. sig. Fj By suche excessys and suche oultrages comen and sourden many maladyes and sekenessys.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Quadrilogue (Rawl.) (1974) 166 Thei make me werre with ther outragis, which hath brought me to lyve as a begger.
a1525 Contempl. Synnaris l. 256, in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 196 And teche þair childer'..Thar' Innocens obserf ay but outrage.
1579 in Court Minutes Surrey & Kent Sewer Comm. (London County Council) (1909) 327 By reason whereof by the great outrage of hyghe tydes & aboundance of lande waters the princes meades beinge the Queenes Maiesties inheritance being ouerflowne.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene ii. ii. sig. O5 With equall measure she did moderate The strong extremities of their outrage.
1631 G. Chapman Caesar & Pompey iv. i. l.108 Had euer men Such outrage of presumption to be victors Before they arm'd?
1756 T. Amory Life John Buncle I. 26 Christianity does not consist in a jingle of unintelligible sounds, and new fundamentals, hewn out by craft, enthusiasm, or bigotry, and maintained with an outrage of uncharitable zeal, which delivers Christians to the flames of an eternal hell.
b. Excess of boldness or pride; foolhardiness, rashness; presumption. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > [noun] > rashness or recklessness
recklessnessOE
resec1275
outragea1387
rechelesshipc1390
wantonnessc1390
hastivessa1393
recklesslaika1400
racklenessc1405
recklessheadc1410
headiness1447
temerity?a1475
lavishness1477
hastivitya1500
rashnessa1500
Ate1587
temerousness1598
temeritude1623
wretchlessness1625
hare-brainedness1656
rantum-scantum1695
temerariousness1711
blindness1796
devil-may-carishness1829
devil-may-careness1834
devil-may-care1836
rattle-brain1838
devil-may-careism1841
bullheadedness1858
harum-scarumness1863
madcappery1905
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 293 In his stede, forto alegge þe outrage [?a1475 anon. tr. insolence; L. insolentiam] of þe kyngdom of Iewes, were i-made foure kynges.
a1425 (?a1400) G. Chaucer Romaunt Rose (Hunterian) 2086 Of the body he is full lord, That hath the herte in his tresor; Outrage it were to asken more.
1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xix. 408 For thame thoucht foly and outrage To gang wp to thame.
a1500 tr. A. Chartier Traité de l'Esperance (Rawl.) (1974) 105 (MED) Thou shalt fynde but fewe of them which by ambicion, by rapyne, and by the owtrage of pryde, that euir their good cam to laudable fyne.
1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. cxiiij Of a greate outrage, and more pride and presumpcion, she demaunded, to beare the noble and excellent Armes of Fraunce.
1553 R. Eden tr. S. Münster Treat. Newe India sig. Mvjv Yet do not I commende rashenes or outrage.
1715 L. Theobald Persian Princess ii. i. 14 The People swarm, like Troops of Summer Bees, Arm'd with Domestick Weapons; full of Outrage, And wild Tumultuous Murmurs.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > instance of > an effort > violent
outrage1484
1484 W. Caxton tr. Subtyl Historyes & Fables Esope ii. vii. f. xlvj How in myn yong age, I was stronge and lusty, And how I made grete oultrages and effors the whiche [etc.].
?1504 S. Hawes Example of Vertu sig. cc.vi He..bete theym downe by a grete outrage.
5. Originally Scottish. Fierce and overwhelming indignation, anger, etc., experienced in response to some injustice or affront.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > [noun]
wrathc900
disdain1297
indignationc1384
heavinessc1386
gall1390
offencea1393
mislikinga1400
despitec1400
rankling?a1425
jealousyc1475
grudge1477
engaigne1489
grutch1541
outrage1572
dudgeon1573
indignance1590
indignity1596
spleen1596
resentiment1606
dolour1609
resentment1613
endugine1638
stomachosity1656
ressentiment1658
resent1680
umbrage1724
resentfulness1735
niff1777
indignancy1790
saeva indignatio1796
hard feeling1803
grudgement1845
to have a chip on one's shoulder1856
affrontedness1878
spike1890
1572 tr. G. Buchanan Detectioun Marie Quene of Scottes (1727) 40 To pusche heidlang ane hart for outrage not abill to governe it self.
c1580 ( tr. Bk. Alexander (1921) II. ii. 4429 For pure dispite and for outrage He was as quha war in ane rage.
c1608 Hist. Hamblet vi. 48 I could not conceiue the outrage that I felt.
a1834 S. T. Coleridge Compl. Poet. Wks. (1912) I. 62 My harass'd Heart was doom'd to know The frantic burst of Outrage keen.
1841 C. Dickens Barnaby Rudge xiii. 282 Stimulated by a swelling sense of wrong and outrage, Mr. Tappertit demanded whether he had strength of heart to take the mighty pledge required.
1877 H. James American xxi. 369 Now his sense of outrage was deep, rancorous, and ever present; he felt that he was a good fellow wronged.
1913 W. Cather O Pioneers! iv. vii. 260 An idea flashed into his mind, and his sense of injury and outrage grew.
1940 W. Empson Gathering Storm 62 A critic like Dr. Leavis can speak with the same tone of moral outrage about an Escapist (sentimental) novel as a customs official would about Lady Chatterley's Lover.
1989 R. Alter Pleasures of Reading vi. 198 We urgently need to know about the horrendous surge of outrage within her over her brother's death so that the murder she commits will seem sufficiently motivated.
Compounds
outrage-monger n. a person who perpetrates outrages, esp. for political ends; also in extended use (originally applied to the perpetrators of certain acts of violence in Ireland).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > militancy > terrorism > [noun] > terrorist
terrorist1806
terrorizer1867
outrage-monger1882
1882 Times 17 May 11 If the public peace cannot be kept in the West of Ireland without enlisting the services of the ‘outrage-monger’ Sheridan [etc.].
1891 National Rev. Nov. 296 It was no sooner made clear to him [sc. Parnell] that he had lost more than half of his Parliamentary following than he appealed to the hillside men and the avowed outrage-mongers.
1910 F. H. O'Donnell Hist. Irish Parl. Party xx. 85 When a real outrage-monger was arrested, he was usually a person who could afford to retire to Government apartments with good food and congenial company.
1995 Boston Globe 25 Feb. 17 With both Boston newspapers and politicians from around the country sounding alarms and talk-radio outrage-mongers stirring up near-apoplexy [etc.].
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† outrageadj.adv.
Obsolete.
A. adj.
1. Unrestrained or excessive in the use of force or in speech; intemperate, violent.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > [adjective]
outragea1325
violentc1384
boistousa1387
outrageousc1390
outraiousc1390
harageous?a1400
hetera1400
methelessc1400
ruffian1528
termagant1546
sore1565
ruffianly1570
boisterous1581
violousa1626
tory-rory1678
plug-ugly1857
radge1857
amok1868
tough1884
roughhouse1896
butch1939
shit-kicking1953
hard-ass1967
tasty1974
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > lack of moderation or restraint > [adjective]
outragea1325
unskilwisea1340
unskilfulc1370
delavyc1380
unordinatea1398
excess?a1400
untemperatea1425
unmannered1435
immoderate1497
insolent?a1500
surfeitc1500
intemperate1508
exceedinga1513
unsober1535
intemperant1542
distemperate1557
distempered1587
intemperous1614
acrasial1845
a1325 (c1280) Southern Passion (Pepys 2344) (1927) 1294 (MED) Þis ffoure þinges [sc. accusations] hi bere on him, & al was ffals & outrage.
?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng Chron. (Petyt) ii. 263 (MED) In Wales is a schreward to werre risen on..& prince þei him cald, þat bastard outrage.
c1450 (?a1400) Duke Rowland & Sir Otuell (1880) 199 (MED) Þou art to outrage [Fr. trop vos avancez]; Fayrere myghte þou batayll wage Þan all daye thus to chide.
?a1475 Ludus Coventriae (1922) 55 Of spech beth not owt-rage.
1488 (c1478) Hary Actis & Deidis Schir William Wallace (Adv.) (1968–9) v. l. 571 Felloune, owtrage, dispitfull in his deid.
1669 Hist. Sir Eger 71 For he was still and full outrage.
2. Extravagant, wasteful, immoderate.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > relinquishing > squandering or prodigality > [adjective]
largea1225
fool-largec1325
costlewa1387
outragea1400
riotousc1405
sumptuousa1425
superfluea1425
prodigatec1429
profuse?a1475
lavishc1475
prodigalc1485
prodiga1492
prodigaleousa1500
superfluous1531
wasteful1538
costly?1555
prodigal1570
overlavish1573
squandering1589
lavishing1598
spenseful1600
expenseful1605
spendthrift1607
spendful1611
dingthrifty1615
impendious1623
expensive1628
unthriftya1631
spendthrifty1642
flush1703
extravagant1711
profligate1718
dispendious1727
wastry1791
wasterful1821
wastrife1822
prodigalish1857
high-rolling1890
wastrel1896
a1400 in R. H. Robbins Secular Lyrics 14th & 15th Cent. (1952) 72 Malencolicus, Ynvyws, dysseuabyll..owtrage in exspence, hardy y-noghe.
c1425 (c1390) G. Chaucer Melibeus (Petworth) (1872) §2180 Þouȝe attempre wepinge be graunted, certes outrage wepinge is defended.
c1450 tr. Secreta Secret. (Royal) 8 (MED) The Rentis..myght not susteyne ne mayntene ther outrage dispenses.
a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 89 (MED) He þat hath made hym dronkyn þrouȝ glotonye and outrage takynge of drynke, let hym susteyne thre disciplynes.
1550 R. Crowley One & Thyrtye Epigrammes sig. Diiv The Idlenes of abbays made them outrage.
3. Extraordinary, unusual.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > kind or sort > individual character or quality > quality of being special or extraordinary > [adjective] > special, extraordinary, or unusual
sunderlepeOE
specialc1325
strangec1330
undeemousa1400
outragec1400
singularc1400
stravagant1565
unusual1582
extraordinarya1586
remarkable1593
exordinary1601
peculiar1608
stupendous1640
eccentricala1652
particular1665
out-of-the-way1675
uncommon1705
awfy1724
exceptionable1801
tremendous1831
exceptional1846
exceptive1849
exceptionary1850
spesh1874
heart-stopping1891
off-brand1929
wild1955
cracker1964
c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) 29 A selly in siȝt summe men hit holden &an outtrage awenture of Arthurez wonderez.
c1475 (?c1440) J. Lydgate Horse, Goose & Sheep (Harl.) in Select. Minor Poems (1840) 119 Thynges outrage [a1500 Lansd. contrarie] bien founde in every kynde..A cherol of birthe hatithe gentil bloode.
4. Of climate or weather: severe, extreme.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > weather and the atmosphere > weather > bad weather > [adjective] > severe or violent (of weather or elements)
retheeOE
strongOE
stithc1100
snella1400
woodc1400
outrage?a1425
violentc1425
sternc1449
strainable1497
rigorous1513
stalwart1528
vehement1528
sore1535
sturdy1569
robustious1632
severe1676
beating1702
shaving1789
snorting1819
wroth1852
wrathy1872
snapping1876
vicious1882
?a1425 Mandeville's Trav. (Egerton) (1889) 65 Þare es owtrage calde by cause it es at þe north syde of þe werld... And on þe south syde of þe werld es it in sum place so hate þat na man may dwell þare for þe owtrage hete.
c1450 Jacob's Well (1900) 155 (MED) Þei grucche, ȝif god sende hem..outerage wedyr or fayling of frute.
a1475 Sidrak & Bokkus (Lansd.) (Ph.D. diss., Univ. of Washington) (1965) 9637 (MED) If þou haue an outrage hete, To greue þe it wole not lete.
B. adv.
Excessively, extraordinarily.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > quantity > greatness of quantity, amount, or degree > high or intense degree > [adverb] > extremely or exceedingly > remarkably or extraordinarily
outnumenlyc1175
outnumenc1225
disguisilyc1325
notablya1398
speciallya1398
oddc1400
oddlyc1400
singularlyc1430
strangelya1450
notable1481
outragec1540
out-takingly1549
supernaturally1578
rarely1581
extraordinarily1593
signally1598
unvulgarly1602
unexpectedly1605
essentially?1606
remarkably1615
unusually1615
particularly1616
eminently1632
extraordinary1632
markablya1634
considerably1646
surprisingly1661
out-of-the-way1718
unco1724
conspicuouslya1732
heroically1735
uncommonly1751
strikingly1752
uncommon1784
pronouncedly1785
markedly1811
awesomea1835
noticeably1845
rousing1847
exceptionally1848
outstandingly1851
prominently1885
accentedly1904
hella1987
c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy 3774 Aiax oelius was outrage grete, Brode of his brest, byg in his armys.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
outragev.1
/ˈaʊtreɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˈaʊtˌreɪdʒ/ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > lack of moderation or restraint > act immoderately or without restraint [verb (intransitive)]
overdoa1325
outragea1387
surfeitc1400
outraya1450
exceed1488
lasha1560
overlash1579
overlaunch1579
wanton1631
extravagate1829
wallow1876
to hit the high spots1891
to go overboard1931
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1871) III. 187 (MED) Þere were i-made tweye consuls, þat ȝif þat oon wolde outrage [?a1475 anon. tr. were insolente; L. insolesceret], þe oþer myȝte hym restreyne.
a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) 10891 (MED) Þoȝ þey outrage and do foly, He shal nat sle hem with felony.
Promptorium Parvulorum (Harl. 221) 375 Owtragyn, or doon excesse, excedo.
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll.) 113 He shall preve a noble knyght of proues as few lyvynge..and never shall he outerage.
1496 (c1410) Dives & Pauper (de Worde) ix. vii. 356/1 Couetouse folke..outrage & seke to be in hygher degre of rychesses & of worshyp than theyr neyghbours ben.
a1568 R. Ascham Scholemaster (1570) i. f. 21v If three or foure great ones in Courte, will nedes outrage in apparell, in huge hose, in monstrous hattes.
1594 T. Nashe Vnfortunate Traveller sig. D4 Let me vse a more familiar example since the heate of a great number hath outraged so excessiuely.
1718 Entertainer No. 40. 274 He outrages in Riot, and runs up to Seed in the grossest Impieties.
2.
a. transitive. To subject (a person) to outrage; to do violence to; to wrong grossly; to insult, violate, assault; (sometimes) spec. to rape, assault sexually (in later use more usually metonymically with the person's chastity, modesty, etc., as object). Also intransitive.In later use chiefly South Asian.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > treat violently [verb (transitive)]
outragec1390
to do violence untoa1393
to lay violent hands on (or upon)a1428
to put hand(s) to (also in, on)1526
surprise1548
violate1584
violenta1661
bedevil1768
strong-arm1896
the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > heinousness > [verb (transitive)] > treat
outragec1390
c1390 in C. Horstmann Minor Poems Vernon MS (1892) i. 96 Euere vs to helpe þou beo aboute, Ffor we han ben outrage [rhyme bondage; L. noxia secutis].
?a1518 Ualentyne & Orson (?1565) lxxxx. sig. Ddii When the varlettes and scolyons sawe theyr master so outraged they assailed al Pepyn with staues and knyues.
1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. vi. sig. E8 Ah heauens, that doe this hideous act behold, And heauenly virgin thus outraged see.
1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 49 The Newes..put diuers Young Bloods into such a furie, as the English Ambassadors were not without perill to bee outraged.
1663 S. Pepys Diary 10 May (1971) IV. 130 The Bishop of Galloway was besieged in his house by some women and had like to have been outraged.
1726 W. Broome in A. Pope et al. tr. Homer Odyssey IV. xvi. 296 If outrag'd, cease that outrage to repel.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. iv. 464 In peace he continued to plunder and to outrage them.
1874 Daily Tel. 17 Dec. 5/3 A gang of Lancashire lads making a ring to see a woman outraged to death.
1884 Nonconformist & Independent 14 Feb. 151/1 Plundering, outraging, and practising every form of oppression.
a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) II. vi. 143 Her real self..observing..the adventures of her body and the rest of her surface self. She turned round to look again at the man who had outraged them.
1971 Weekend World (Johannesburg) 9 May 2/2 Langton then outraged her for the whole night.
1992 Straits Times (Nexis) 24 June 1 Using a cucumber to outrage the maid's modesty.
2001 Hindu (Electronic ed.) 21 Oct. Rani..preferred a complaint with the Sathyamangalam Deputy Superintendent of Police, stating an STF officer had outraged her modesty two days ago.
b. transitive. To violate or infringe flagrantly (a law, right, principle, etc.); to injure or insult (feelings, etc.).
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > lack of subjection > refuse to submit to [verb (transitive)] > break a (rule, command, or provision)
breakOE
to-breaka1067
again-come1400
violate?a1475
transgress1526
refringe1530
infringe1533
prevaricate1541
contravene1567
temerate1635
outrage1655
society > law > rule of law > lawlessness > break the law [verb (transitive)]
breakOE
exceed1393
violate?a1475
trespass1484
infringe1533
contravene1567
outrage1655
transgress1660
1655 W. Sales Theophania v. 148 He would never condescend to owe his life to that person, who had so manifestly outraged his honor.
1725–6 A. Pope tr. Homer Odyssey VI. 151 The interview..outrages all the rules of decency.
1791 T. Paine Rights of Man (1985) i As to the tragic paintings by which Mr Burke has outraged his own imagination, and seeks to work upon that of his readers, they are very well calculated for theatrical representation.
1848 Southern Q. Rev. Jan. 163 Arrogant in his exercise of authority, he continually outraged the self-esteem of those whom it was his policy to conciliate.
1871 E. A. Freeman Hist. Ess. 1st Ser. x. 291 [Frederick II] contrived, by the circumstances of his vices, to outrage contemporary sentiment in a way in which his vices alone would not have outraged it.
1940 H. G. Wells Babes in Darkling Wood i. iv. 102 You are living in a Christian country under a definitely Christian moral code and my son there..has persuaded you to outrage it.
1971 Dict. National Biogr. 1951–60 592/1 It was his outspoken antagonism to the Munitions Act, which outraged his sense of personal freedom, that brought him into national prominence.
1991 Gay Times Mar. 18/3 In the United Kingdom they could be prosecuted for outraging public decency.
c. transitive. To cause (a person or group of people) to feel profound indignation, anger, or shock; to offend deeply. Occasionally intransitive.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry
wrethec900
abelgheeOE
abaeileOE
teenOE
i-wrathec1075
wratha1200
awratha1250
gramec1275
forthcalla1300
excitea1340
grieve1362
movea1382
achafea1400
craba1400
angerc1400
mada1425
provokec1425
forwrecchec1450
wrothc1450
arage1470
incensea1513
puff1526
angry1530
despite1530
exasperate1534
exasper1545
stunt1583
pepper1599
enfever1647
nanger1675
to put or set up the back1728
roil1742
outrage1818
to put a person's monkey up1833
to get one's back up1840
to bring one's nap up1843
rouse1843
to get a person's shirt out1844
heat1855
to steam up1860
to get one's rag out1862
steam1922
to burn up1923
to flip out1964
the mind > emotion > suffering > state of annoyance or vexation > be annoyed or vexed by [verb (transitive)] > annoy or vex
gremec893
dretchc900
awhenec1000
teenOE
fretc1290
annoyc1300
atrayc1320
encumberc1330
diseasec1340
grindc1350
distemperc1386
offenda1387
arra1400
avexa1400
derea1400
miscomforta1400
angerc1400
engrievec1400
vex1418
molesta1425
entrouble?1435
destroublea1450
poina1450
rubc1450
to wring (a person) on the mailsc1450
disprofit1483
agrea1492
trouble1515
grig1553
mis-set?1553
nip?1553
grate1555
gripe1559
spitec1563
fike?1572
gall1573
corsie1574
corrosive1581
touch1581
disaccommodate1586
macerate1588
perplex1590
thorn1592
exulcerate1593
plague1595
incommode1598
affret1600
brier1601
to gall or tread on (one's) kibes1603
discommodate1606
incommodate1611
to grate on or upon1631
disincommodate1635
shog1636
ulcerate1647
incommodiate1650
to put (a person) out of his (her, etc.) way1653
discommodiate1654
discommode1657
ruffle1659
regrate1661
disoblige1668
torment1718
pesta1729
chagrin1734
pingle1740
bothera1745
potter1747
wherrit1762
to tweak the nose of1784
to play up1803
tout1808
rasp1810
outrage1818
worrit1818
werrit1825
buggerlug1850
taigle1865
get1867
to give a person the pip1881
to get across ——1888
nark1888
eat1893
to twist the tail1895
dudgeon1906
to tweak the tail of1909
sore1929
to put up1930
wouldn't it rip you!1941
sheg1943
to dick around1944
cheese1946
to pee off1946
to honk off1970
to fuck off1973
to tweak (a person's or thing's) tail1977
to tweak (a person's or thing's) nose1983
to wind up1984
to dick about1996
to-teen-
the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be indignant at or resent [verb (transitive)] > excite to indignation or resentment > cause to
disoblige1716
outrage1818
1818 N. Amer. Rev. Jan. 239 There is no nation which has been outraged with such profligate calumny.
1848 Southern Q. Rev. Jan. 163 The latter [associate] was outraged by the inferior position which had been assigned him in the appointments of the crown.
1870 Galaxy Nov. 664 You have outraged me beyond what any man ought to bear. I will never forgive you.
1921 J. Galsworthy To Let ii. iii. 152 Jon listened, bewildered, almost outraged by his father's words.
1932 W. Faulkner Light in August viii. 177 He had been not hurt or astonished so much as outraged.
1966 Listener 6 Oct. 495/2 The latest graduate revue..does not outrage, but it does not try.
1987 J. Uglow George Eliot 6 Her union with George Henry Lewes had so outraged her brother Isaac..that he refused to communicate with her.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific immaterial things
wrench?c1225
outrage?a1439
express1547
expectorate1621
devolve1654
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) ii. 2414 Ther with thei sette..to outrage..Fro mannys liff necligence & slouthe.
a1456 (a1407) H. Scogan Moral Balade (Ashm.) 85 in F. J. Furnivall Chaucer's Minor Poems (1879) iii. p. 430/1 Cherissheþe vertue, vyce to outrage: Dryveþ awe, let hem haue no wonnyng In youre soules.
ΘΚΠ
the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going away > go away [verb (intransitive)] > run away or flee > desert one's place or position
outrage1447
startc1540
desert1689
to take water1846
1447 O. Bokenham Lives of Saints (Arun.) (1938) 2145 (MED) Hire curage..was goddys to serue, From whos seruyce she nolde outrage For no man.
a1500 in Archiv f. das Studium der Neueren Sprachen (1913) 131 51 (MED) Wher schall I þat lady ffynde, That neuer wyll fro me owttrage?
ΘΚΠ
the mind > emotion > anger > furious anger > to rage (of fury) [verb (intransitive)] > be or become furious
wedec1000
resea1250
ragea1400
rampc1405
rase1440
outragea1475
stampc1480
enragec1515
ournc1540
gry1594
fury1628
rampage1692
to stamp one's foot1821
to fire off1848
foam1852
fire1859
to stomp one's feetc1927
to spit chips1947
to spit cotton1947
to spit blood1963
to go ballistic1981
a1475 (?a1350) Seege Troye (Harl.) (1927) 1610d (MED) Also sterne he is in fyght, As a lyon out rages on heyght.
1548 T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Cviijv When you shall heare other outragyng with such horrible curses, flye from theym as frome pestilence.
1571 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Psalmes of Dauid with Comm. (xxv. 8) Though the wicked outraged ageinst him without cause.
1582 R. Stanyhurst tr. Virgil First Foure Bookes Æneis ii. 40 So rushing to the streets I posted in anger. But my feete embracing my pheere me in the entrye reteyned. Too father owtraging thee soon [i.e. the son] shee tendred Iulus.
1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. ix. 42 Alexander, outraged not against his enemies, but his especiall friends.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
outragev.2
/ˌaʊtˈreɪdʒ/, U.S. /ˌaʊtˈreɪdʒ/ rare.† 1. transitive. To rage against. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > malediction > [verb (transitive)] > abuse, scold, or wrangle
chidec1230
revilea1393
to call (rarely to speak) (all) to naught1542
vituperate1542
abuse1592
to speak or look daggers1603
outrage1608
cuss1831
slangwhang1880
strafe1915
slag1958
name-call1960
1608 T. Hudson tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Ivdith iii. 51 in J. Sylvester Deuine Weekes & Wks. (new ed.) All this could not the peoples thirst asswage; But thus with murmurs they their Lords out-rage.
2. transitive. To surpass in rage or violence.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > violent behaviour > treat violently [verb (transitive)] > treat with fierce or furious violence > exceed in
outrage1742
1742 E. Young Complaint: Night the Third 14 Their Will the Tyger suckt, outrag'd the Storm.
1962 R. Bradbury Something Wicked this Way Comes i. xxii. 114 Suddenly as the two boys outthrashed, outgripped, outraged each other, there was a rain of tinkling, rattling glitter on the lawn.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2004; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.c1300
adj.adv.a1325v.1a1387
v.21608