owingn.

Brit.

/ˈəʊɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈoʊ(w)ɪŋ/

Forms: see owe v. and -ing suffix¹.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: owe v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < owe v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare earlier owning n.

†1. Possession; ownership. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legal possession > [noun]

state1400

owingc1450

possession1535

detention1626

the mind > possession > owning > [noun] > ownership or proprietorship

owingc1450

ownership1583

proprietary1624

dominion1651

my-ness1662

proprietorship1817

mine-ness1920

c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 182 Tthe [sic] genityf case is gouerned in sixe maners of a noun. By strengthe of owyng, as ‘The lord of thys place is atte London.’

c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 5 (MED) Remembir the thou art a gentille man..For thou shalt wite that ther be scolis thre, As in owyng not al of oon degre.

2. The action of owe v. 3; obligation to pay, indebtedness. Also: that which is owed, a debt.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun]

debtc1290

owinga1500

debtorship1797

indebtedness1828

a1500 tr. Lady Prioress in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1840) 111 (MED) For owyng of a som of good, Hys beryng ys forbode.

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Owynge, or the act of owynge, debitio.

1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 109 Cæsar inuades the Fortunes of his Subiects, either to vphold his Honours, or absolue his Owings.

?1680 T. Jordan On Scorta in Muses Melody sig. [ ]8^v Scorta (the whore) sayes she'l pay all her owings In the next Term, if God send good her doings.

1839 F. A. Kemble Rec. Later Life I. 235 Being in the mind to pay my owings, I proceed to do so.

1871 R. Browning Balaustion's Adventure in Poet. Wks. (1888–94) XI. 69 I gave thee birth indeed and mastership I' the mansion, brought thee up to boot: there ends My owing.

1902 T. Hardy Poems Past & Present 223 I parted with my small demesne To make my owings good. Heir-looms unpriced I sacrificed, Until debt-free I stood.

1970 D. M. Walker Princ. Sc. Private Law I. li. 882 When the sexennium has run the constitution and resting—owing of the debt must be proved by the writ or oath of the debtor.

2003 Chemist & Druggist (Nexis) 25 Jan. 30 It also allows reports to be compiled on cashflow, shrinkage, owings, dead and excess stock.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

owingadj.

Brit.

/ˈəʊɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈoʊ(w)ɪŋ/

Forms: see owe v. and -ing suffix²; also English regional (Northumberland) 1800s– aan, 1800s– awn; Scottish pre-1700 awying, pre-1700 oun, pre-1700 own, pre-1700 owne, 1800s– aand, 1800s– awn.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: owe v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < owe v. + -ing suffix².Almost always used predicatively, in finite clauses and postmodifying non-finite clauses.

1. That owes something; bound or under obligation (to do something); indebted or beholden (to a person) (for something). Now Irish English.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > [adjective] > bound or under obligation

indebted?c1225

boundena1400

owingc1400

debtfulc1425

belast1441

beholdena1450

worthy1469

obligate?a1475

subjectc1480

bound1488

debt-bounda1522

obstrict1527

addicted1535

oughting1567

devinct1573

bounded1586

obliged1596

affineda1616

boundant1654

guilty1700

obligated1740

behoven1880

duty-bound1908

due1913

c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. x. 69 Þanne is holi–chirche owyng [v.rr. awynge, awenge; holden; beholdyn; asignet] to helpe hem and saue Fro folies & fynde hem til þei ben wise.

1441 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 152 To all the religious persones apperinge or owinge to appere in the seide convocacione.

1678 S. Pepys Corr. 292 I am greatly owing to your Lordship for your last favour.

1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 13 One Instance..of what this Company is owing for, to the..Thoughtfulness of its Accusers.

1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 205/1 To be owing, to be in debt.

1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 243/2 Owing, in debt.

a. Of a sum of money, etc.: that is yet to be paid or rendered; owed, due (to a person or thing).The origin of this use is obscure, there being no corresponding sense of the verb; it might possibly be reflexive, ‘owing itself’, hence ‘being owed’.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [adjective] > owed

duea1325

debta1340

dettya1387

payable1394

owing1411

debteda1425

oughting1500

outstand1729

outstanding1797

defaulted1857

called1882

1411 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 19 (MED) Whiche somme ys owynge to me to be payd..by..my lady louell.

a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 192 The arreragis of an yerely rent of an hundred shillyngis..owyng vnto the seid Abbesse.

?1532 Tales & Quicke Answeres xliii. sig. Div The yonge manne sayde there was no suche duetye owynge in his fathers name, that he knewe of.

1647 J. Maxwell Test. in W. Fraser Mem. Maxwells of Pollok (1863) I. 338 I nominat and constituit Sir George Maxuell..with full power to him to giue wp inventar of guidis and debtis awand in to me.

1694 E. Phillips tr. J. Milton Lett. of State an. 1656 A considerable Sum of Money owing from certain Portugal Merchants..to several English Merchants, upon the account of Freightage and Demorage.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 101 A Neighbour and Acquaintance of mine, having some Money owing to him from a Shopkeeper.

1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. v. 100 She discharged all that was owing for the children.

1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon at Compensation A person who has been sued for a debt, demands that the debt may be compensated with what is owing to him by the creditor.

1868 W. Collins Moonstone III. ii. 277 Not a sixpence of debt was owing on any of them.

1902 W. C. Smith Borland Hall in Poet. Wks. ii. 100 Not even death shall set you free From the honour and duty owing to me.

1958 J. Betjeman in Coll. Poems 292 Conscious but of money owing?

2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 28 Feb. 13 I've got no confidence we'll get any money that is owing to us.

b. With indirect object.

ΚΠ

1423–4 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 106 (MED) He be-hote me þat I shuld haue alle þat was owyng me..And þere..deliuerd me a noble.

1435 Rolls of Parl. IV. 493/1 Certeyn dette which they clayme to be owyng hem by..ye Kyng.

1495–6 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 220 Item, payd to thomas Mundys,..wyche he stoppyth in his hondes in party payment that is owyng hym for nayll, the quitrent that belongyth to owre chyrch.

1538 in W. L. Nash Churchwardens' Acct. Bk. St. Giles, Reading (1851) 56 M^d that ther is owyng Thomas Clere which he hathe Accompted for dewe uppon Joure.

1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. v. xviii. 196 At the yeeres ende there is not one penie owing them.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1664 (1955) III. 375 I subscribed to Sir Arthyr Slingsbys loterey, a desperate debt owing me long since.

1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. 12 I have Two Thousand Pounds owing me, of which I shall never get Ten Shillings.

1838 W. G. Simms Richard Hurdis I. viii. 89 I have some money owing me in that neighbourhood.

a1936 R. Kipling Something of Myself (1937) iv For a while, I found myself with some money owing me for work done, but no funds in hand.

2002 Anglican Jrnl. (Nexis) Sept. Any money not in trust that is forwarded to the diocese will be applied first to their assessment; second, to any debts owing the diocese.

3. owing to.

a. In predicative use: attributable to; derived or arising from; caused by, consequent on.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assignment of cause [phrase] > owing or attributable to

owing toa1625

a1625 J. Fletcher & J. Shirley Night-Walker (1679) v. i. 228 On joyfully, the cure of all our grief, Is owing to this pretty little Thief.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 85 Wise Cleobulus death, the Lindian shore, To which his birth was owing, doth deplore.

1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 16 These are the very Exuviæ of Animals, and all owing to the Sea.

1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 173 As to the Notes..they are in a great Measure owing to Mr. Potter.

1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 386 The cohesion cannot be owing to an effluence and affluence of one and the same electrical fluid.

1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 2 The effect is owing to the presence of light.

1858 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) II. viii. 582 It is to a knowledge of the laws and relations of things that European civilization is owing.

1895 T. Hardy Jude v. iv. 357 To escape a nominal shame which was owing to the weakness of her character.

1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 583/2 It was owing to Gregory..that many of these evils were conquered.

1990 Skin Diver Mar. 16/2 The injury is owing to abnormal forces being imposed on the injured joint, bone tendon or ligament.

b. As a compound preposition: in consequence of, on account of, because of.On the relationship between this and due to, see due adj. 9b.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > consequently or as a result [phrase]

unto so micklec1390

per consequencec1395

by suing?a1425

by consequent1489

by relation1565

of consequence1573

by consequence1581

occasion1634

in suit ofa1652

in consequence of1683

owing to1744

in consequence1775

in the wake of1866

1744 Philos. Trans. 1740–41 (Royal Soc.) 41 816 She has a Navel-rupture, owing to the Ignorance of the Man in not applying a proper Bandage.

1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 74 There was a great diversity of sizes in those parts, owing to nature.

1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry (1937) I. i. 44 I could see nothing to be ironical about; owing, perhaps, to my not being in the habit of looking for the ridiculous.

1814 W. Scott Waverley I. x. 128 Owing to his natural disposition to study..he had been bred with a view to the bar.

1865 J. B. Lightfoot Comm. Gal. (1874) 151 This rendering obtained currency..owing to the untoward circumstances of the times.

1920 R. Macaulay Potterism i. iii. 32 Owing to the helpful influence of Mr. Potter..Jane obtained a quite good post.

1974 D. M. Jones Sleeping Lord 70 It chances also that owing to its subject matter it contains a number of words..in Welsh.

2002 G. Mccafferty They had no Choice xlvii. 212 The aircraft was landing elsewhere owing to bad visibility and strong headwind.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	owing
释义	owingn. Brit. /ˈəʊɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈoʊ(w)ɪŋ/ Forms: see owe v. and -ing suffix¹. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: owe v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < owe v. + -ing suffix¹. Compare earlier owning n. †1. Possession; ownership. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > law > legal possession > [noun] state1400 owingc1450 possession1535 detention1626 the mind > possession > owning > [noun] > ownership or proprietorship owingc1450 ownership1583 proprietary1624 dominion1651 my-ness1662 proprietorship1817 mine-ness1920 c1450 in D. Thomson Middle Eng. Grammatical Texts (1984) 182 Tthe [sic] genityf case is gouerned in sixe maners of a noun. By strengthe of owyng, as ‘The lord of thys place is atte London.’ c1450 C. d'Orleans Poems (1941) 5 (MED) Remembir the thou art a gentille man..For thou shalt wite that ther be scolis thre, As in owyng not al of oon degre. 2. The action of owe v. 3; obligation to pay, indebtedness. Also: that which is owed, a debt. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [noun] debtc1290 owinga1500 debtorship1797 indebtedness1828 a1500 tr. Lady Prioress in J. O. Halliwell Select. Minor Poems J. Lydgate (1840) 111 (MED) For owyng of a som of good, Hys beryng ys forbode. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Owynge, or the act of owynge, debitio. 1629 J. Gaule Practique Theories Christs Predict. 109 Cæsar inuades the Fortunes of his Subiects, either to vphold his Honours, or absolue his Owings. ?1680 T. Jordan On Scorta in Muses Melody sig. [ ]8^v Scorta (the whore) sayes she'l pay all her owings In the next Term, if God send good her doings. 1839 F. A. Kemble Rec. Later Life I. 235 Being in the mind to pay my owings, I proceed to do so. 1871 R. Browning Balaustion's Adventure in Poet. Wks. (1888–94) XI. 69 I gave thee birth indeed and mastership I' the mansion, brought thee up to boot: there ends My owing. 1902 T. Hardy Poems Past & Present 223 I parted with my small demesne To make my owings good. Heir-looms unpriced I sacrificed, Until debt-free I stood. 1970 D. M. Walker Princ. Sc. Private Law I. li. 882 When the sexennium has run the constitution and resting—owing of the debt must be proved by the writ or oath of the debtor. 2003 Chemist & Druggist (Nexis) 25 Jan. 30 It also allows reports to be compiled on cashflow, shrinkage, owings, dead and excess stock. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). owingadj. Brit. /ˈəʊɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈoʊ(w)ɪŋ/ Forms: see owe v. and -ing suffix²; also English regional (Northumberland) 1800s– aan, 1800s– awn; Scottish pre-1700 awying, pre-1700 oun, pre-1700 own, pre-1700 owne, 1800s– aand, 1800s– awn. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: owe v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < owe v. + -ing suffix².Almost always used predicatively, in finite clauses and postmodifying non-finite clauses. 1. That owes something; bound or under obligation (to do something); indebted or beholden (to a person) (for something). Now Irish English. ΘΚΠ society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > [adjective] > bound or under obligation indebted?c1225 boundena1400 owingc1400 debtfulc1425 belast1441 beholdena1450 worthy1469 obligate?a1475 subjectc1480 bound1488 debt-bounda1522 obstrict1527 addicted1535 oughting1567 devinct1573 bounded1586 obliged1596 affineda1616 boundant1654 guilty1700 obligated1740 behoven1880 duty-bound1908 due1913 c1400 (a1376) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. x. 69 Þanne is holi–chirche owyng [v.rr. awynge, awenge; holden; beholdyn; asignet] to helpe hem and saue Fro folies & fynde hem til þei ben wise. 1441 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1835) V. 152 To all the religious persones apperinge or owinge to appere in the seide convocacione. 1678 S. Pepys Corr. 292 I am greatly owing to your Lordship for your last favour. 1691 T. Hale Acct. New Inventions 13 One Instance..of what this Company is owing for, to the..Thoughtfulness of its Accusers. 1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 205/1 To be owing, to be in debt. 1996 C. I. Macafee Conc. Ulster Dict. 243/2 Owing, in debt. 2. a. Of a sum of money, etc.: that is yet to be paid or rendered; owed, due (to a person or thing).The origin of this use is obscure, there being no corresponding sense of the verb; it might possibly be reflexive, ‘owing itself’, hence ‘being owed’. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > insolvency > indebtedness > [adjective] > owed duea1325 debta1340 dettya1387 payable1394 owing1411 debteda1425 oughting1500 outstand1729 outstanding1797 defaulted1857 called1882 1411 in F. J. Furnivall Fifty Earliest Eng. Wills (1882) 19 (MED) Whiche somme ys owynge to me to be payd..by..my lady louell. a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1905) i. 192 The arreragis of an yerely rent of an hundred shillyngis..owyng vnto the seid Abbesse. ?1532 Tales & Quicke Answeres xliii. sig. Div The yonge manne sayde there was no suche duetye owynge in his fathers name, that he knewe of. 1647 J. Maxwell Test. in W. Fraser Mem. Maxwells of Pollok (1863) I. 338 I nominat and constituit Sir George Maxuell..with full power to him to giue wp inventar of guidis and debtis awand in to me. 1694 E. Phillips tr. J. Milton Lett. of State an. 1656 A considerable Sum of Money owing from certain Portugal Merchants..to several English Merchants, upon the account of Freightage and Demorage. 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 101 A Neighbour and Acquaintance of mine, having some Money owing to him from a Shopkeeper. 1782 F. Burney Cecilia V. ix. v. 100 She discharged all that was owing for the children. 1848 J. J. S. Wharton Law Lexicon at Compensation A person who has been sued for a debt, demands that the debt may be compensated with what is owing to him by the creditor. 1868 W. Collins Moonstone III. ii. 277 Not a sixpence of debt was owing on any of them. 1902 W. C. Smith Borland Hall in Poet. Wks. ii. 100 Not even death shall set you free From the honour and duty owing to me. 1958 J. Betjeman in Coll. Poems 292 Conscious but of money owing? 2003 Daily Tel. (Sydney) (Nexis) 28 Feb. 13 I've got no confidence we'll get any money that is owing to us. b. With indirect object. ΚΠ 1423–4 Guildhall Let.-bk. in R. W. Chambers & M. Daunt Bk. London Eng. (1931) 106 (MED) He be-hote me þat I shuld haue alle þat was owyng me..And þere..deliuerd me a noble. 1435 Rolls of Parl. IV. 493/1 Certeyn dette which they clayme to be owyng hem by..ye Kyng. 1495–6 in H. Littlehales Medieval Rec. London City Church (1905) 220 Item, payd to thomas Mundys,..wyche he stoppyth in his hondes in party payment that is owyng hym for nayll, the quitrent that belongyth to owre chyrch. 1538 in W. L. Nash Churchwardens' Acct. Bk. St. Giles, Reading (1851) 56 M^d that ther is owyng Thomas Clere which he hathe Accompted for dewe uppon Joure. 1596 T. Danett tr. P. de Commynes Hist. v. xviii. 196 At the yeeres ende there is not one penie owing them. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1664 (1955) III. 375 I subscribed to Sir Arthyr Slingsbys loterey, a desperate debt owing me long since. 1705 J. Vanbrugh Confederacy i. 12 I have Two Thousand Pounds owing me, of which I shall never get Ten Shillings. 1838 W. G. Simms Richard Hurdis I. viii. 89 I have some money owing me in that neighbourhood. a1936 R. Kipling Something of Myself (1937) iv For a while, I found myself with some money owing me for work done, but no funds in hand. 2002 Anglican Jrnl. (Nexis) Sept. Any money not in trust that is forwarded to the diocese will be applied first to their assessment; second, to any debts owing the diocese. 3. owing to. a. In predicative use: attributable to; derived or arising from; caused by, consequent on. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > attribution or assignment of cause > assignment of cause [phrase] > owing or attributable to owing toa1625 a1625 J. Fletcher & J. Shirley Night-Walker (1679) v. i. 228 On joyfully, the cure of all our grief, Is owing to this pretty little Thief. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. i. 85 Wise Cleobulus death, the Lindian shore, To which his birth was owing, doth deplore. 1695 J. Woodward Ess. Nat. Hist. Earth 16 These are the very Exuviæ of Animals, and all owing to the Sea. 1706 T. Hearne Remarks & Coll. (1885) I. 173 As to the Notes..they are in a great Measure owing to Mr. Potter. 1760 Philos. Trans. 1759 (Royal Soc.) 51 386 The cohesion cannot be owing to an effluence and affluence of one and the same electrical fluid. 1812 H. Davy Elements Chem. Philos. 2 The effect is owing to the presence of light. 1858 H. T. Buckle Hist. Civilisation Eng. (1873) II. viii. 582 It is to a knowledge of the laws and relations of things that European civilization is owing. 1895 T. Hardy Jude v. iv. 357 To escape a nominal shame which was owing to the weakness of her character. 1957 F. L. Cross Oxf. Dict. Christian Church 583/2 It was owing to Gregory..that many of these evils were conquered. 1990 Skin Diver Mar. 16/2 The injury is owing to abnormal forces being imposed on the injured joint, bone tendon or ligament. b. As a compound preposition: in consequence of, on account of, because of.On the relationship between this and due to, see due adj. 9b. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > effect, result, or consequence > consequently or as a result [phrase] unto so micklec1390 per consequencec1395 by suing?a1425 by consequent1489 by relation1565 of consequence1573 by consequence1581 occasion1634 in suit ofa1652 in consequence of1683 owing to1744 in consequence1775 in the wake of1866 1744 Philos. Trans. 1740–41 (Royal Soc.) 41 816 She has a Navel-rupture, owing to the Ignorance of the Man in not applying a proper Bandage. 1749 J. Cleland Mem. Woman of Pleasure I. 74 There was a great diversity of sizes in those parts, owing to nature. 1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry (1937) I. i. 44 I could see nothing to be ironical about; owing, perhaps, to my not being in the habit of looking for the ridiculous. 1814 W. Scott Waverley I. x. 128 Owing to his natural disposition to study..he had been bred with a view to the bar. View more context for this quotation 1865 J. B. Lightfoot Comm. Gal. (1874) 151 This rendering obtained currency..owing to the untoward circumstances of the times. 1920 R. Macaulay Potterism i. iii. 32 Owing to the helpful influence of Mr. Potter..Jane obtained a quite good post. 1974 D. M. Jones Sleeping Lord 70 It chances also that owing to its subject matter it contains a number of words..in Welsh. 2002 G. Mccafferty They had no Choice xlvii. 212 The aircraft was landing elsewhere owing to bad visibility and strong headwind. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1450adj.c1400
随便看	ingener ingenerability ingenerable ingenerable and incorruptible ingenerableness ingenerably ingenerally ingenerate ingenerated ingenerately ingenerateness ingenerates ingenerating ingeneration ingenerative ingenerous ingeniary ingeniate ingeniculate ingeniculation ingenio ingeniosity ingenious ingeniously ingeniousness