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单词 oxidative
释义

oxidativeadj.

Brit. /ˈɒksᵻdeɪtɪv/, U.S. /ˈɑksəˌdeɪdɪv/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: oxidate v., -ive suffix.
Etymology: < oxidate v. + -ive suffix.
Chemistry.
Involving, relating to, or characterized by oxidation; that oxidizes.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to oxidation
oxidative1865
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adjective] > of or relating to named chemical reactions or processes > of or relating to oxidation > capable of oxidizing
oxidative1865
1865 N. Brit. Rev. Sept. 136 At the present day we regard animal heat as due, not to combustion of carbon in the lungs, but to an oxidative metamorphosis of all the tissues of the body.
1878 M. Foster Text Bk. Physiol. (ed. 2) ii. ii. §5. 286 The blood itself removed from the body has practically no oxidative power at all over substances which are undoubtedly oxidized in the body.
1923 Q. Jrnl. Med. 16 145 (heading) The rate of oxidative recovery from exercise in man.
1972 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 13 Feb. 27/5 It may be that the human need for Vitamin E is increasing due to the oxidative atmosphere man is creating around the world.
1995 Sci. Amer. June 47/2 Neutrophil inhibitory factor..inhibits the activity of neutrophils..in part by preventing them from releasing strongly oxidative chemicals.

Compounds

oxidative phosphorylation n. Biochemistry the synthesis of ATP in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells from ADP and phosphate ions, which utilizes energy liberated in oxidative reactions.
ΚΠ
1945 Arch. Biochem. 6 440 Previous work on oxidative phosphorylation..has been carried out using washed minces or concentrated dialyzed cell-free extracts equivalent to several hundred milligrams of tissue in 2 or 3 ml. final volume.
1962 H. A. Krebs in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism 351 Owing to the obligatory coupling between the electron transport from substrate to oxygen and oxidative phosphorylation, oxidations cannot take place unless ADP and phosphate are available.
1997 G. S. Helfman et al. Diversity of Fishes v. 51/1 Oxygen permits the aerobic completion of cellular respiration (glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation).
oxidative stress n. Molecular Biology a situation in which greater amounts of free radicals and reactive forms of oxygen are present than can be utilized or neutralized by an organism, resulting in damage to proteins, lipids, DNA, etc.
ΚΠ
1967 Industr. & Engin. Chem. Product Res. & Devel. 6 177 Formulated aliphatic hydrocarbons and related fluids withstood exposure to severe oxidative stress at 400° F. with little degradation.]
1970 Biochim. et Biophysica Acta 215 456 Effect of glutathione reductase deficiency on the stimulation of hexose monophosphate shunt under oxidative stress.
1981 Proc. National Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78 6861 It is known that urate levels in blood increase with exercise, and we interpret this as a possible physiological mechanism to help cope with the increased oxidative stress.
1995 Daily Tel. 20 Dec. 21/3 [He] was also a key figure in the international debate on the concentration and location of lipid hydroperoxides in plasma, the understanding of which is central to the oxidative stress hypothesis of atherogenesis.

Derivatives

ˈoxidatively adv. by an oxidative process.
ΘΚΠ
the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [adverb] > by means of named chemical reactions or processes > by means of oxidation
oxidatively1932
1932 Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. 54 2134 The state of the SS – SH equilibrium determines whether the cell at the moment functions proteolytically or oxidatively.
1964 Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. 2 152 The reineckate ion is removed with silver nitrate, and interfering substances (basic amino acids) are oxidatively deaminated by boiling with silver oxide.
1993 N.Y. Times Mag. 25 Apr. 100/2 Diligent quality-control enzymes degrade oxidatively sullied proteins and fats, or clip out damaged pieces of DNA and then sew in new, healthy ones.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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