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单词 passe-volant
释义

passe-volantn.

Brit. /ˈpasˌvəʊlənt/, U.S. /ˌpɑsˈvoʊlən(t)/
Forms: 1500s passauolante, 1500s pasuolan, 1600s pasvolant, 1600s– passe-volant, 1700s pass-volant; also Scottish pre-1700 pasuolan, pre-1700 pasvoland, pre-1700 pasvolland, pre-1700 paswolent.
Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French passe-volant.
Etymology: < Middle French, French passe-volant (1526 in sense 1, a1577 in sense 2) < passe- (see pass- comb. form) + volant flying (see volant adj. and n.). Compare Spanish pasavolante (a1493), Italian passavolante (a1502).In form passauolante probably after Italian.
Now historical.
1. A type of small cannon used in the 16th and 17th centuries; = base n.5 Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > device for discharging missiles > firearm > piece of artillery > [noun] > small or short pieces
murderer1495
curtala1509
minion1513
passe-volant1513
pikmoyane1513
saker1521
base1539
robinet1547
quarter cannon?a1549
bersec1550
murdresarc1550
yetling1558
battardc1565
demi-cannon1577
calabass1578
double curtal1582
demi-culverin1587
rabinet1596
murdering piece1601
drake1627
putter1646
cartow1650
putterlingc1650
minion drakea1661
cut1672
under-saker1678
murther1688
carronade1779
carthoun1849
1513 in J. B. Paul Accts. Treasurer Scotl. (1902) IV. 487 Item, to Alexander Routh for vij new paswolentis, the price of the pece iij li. greit.
1524 R. Copland tr. J. de Bourbon Syege Cyte of Rodes in Begynnynge Ordre Knyghtes Hospytallers sig. Bvj The meane shot as sacres and pasuolans were in grete nombre.
1566 in T. Thomson Coll. Inventories Royal Wardrobe (1815) 172 Item ane pasvoland of brace upone ane traist.
1588 C. Lucar Appendix xxxvii. 33 in tr. N. Tartaglia 3 Bks. Shooting Ovr great peeces of artillery are knowne by these names:..Minion of the biggest sort, Minion of the ordinary sort, Moiane, Passauolante or Zebratana, [etc.].
1656 T. Blount Glossographia Pasvolant, the Artillery called a Base.
1867 W. H. Smyth & E. Belcher Sailor's Word-bk. Passe-volant, a name applied by the French to a Quaker or wooden gun on board ship; but it was adopted by our early voyagers as also expressing a movable piece of ordnance.
2. Military. A man temporarily hired as a pretend or dummy soldier in order to supply a deficiency at the muster or on the roll of a company or regiment. Cf. faggot n. 7.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > mercenary
wagerc1420
knight wager1513
mercenary1523
lance-knight1530
suddart1542
hireling1547
adventurer1548
venturer1572
lansquenet1577
warmonger1590
mercenarian1598
passe-volant1617
provantman1659
soldier of fortune1661
privateer1676
routier1683
bravo1761
stipendiary1768
free companion1804
freelance1819
free-rider1821
freelancer1854
merchant of death1934
merc1967
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Passevolant,..also, a hireling whom a Captaine, on Muster dayes, foisteth into his companie; and generally, any such skipiacke, or base nimblesbie.]
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. 105 Letters from the Lords in England, requiring that no Captain should supply his Company with Passe-volants at pleasure.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Pass Pass-Volant, a Fagot, or a pretended soldier... In France the Passe-volants are condemn'd to be mark'd on the Cheek with a Flour-de-lis.
1953 W. H. Lewis Splendid Cent. (1957) v. 132 In 1663 a detected passe volant was flogged.
1994 French Hist. Stud. 18 896 Parrott then further reduces the actual number, by assuming a 25 percent error caused by officers padding their companies with phony soldiers, passe volants, at reviews.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1513
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