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parsonn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French parson, persone. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman parson (13th cent.), Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French persone, personne ecclesiastical dignitary, curate (1174 in Anglo-Norman) < classical Latin persōna person n., in post-classical Latin ‘rector of a parish’: see note below. Compare ( < Latin) Old Frisian persona, persenna, Middle Dutch persone, parsoon (early modern Dutch persoon), Middle Low German persōne, ( < French) Breton persoun, all in sense ‘clergyman’.The ecclesiastical use of Latin persōna does not appear before the 11th cent; for a British (Scottish) example compare:?1073 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 409 Aldredo persona de Lauwedre. It was apparently still perceived as new at the Council of Clermont 1096, when it was said, c. iii Ecclesiae vel decimae..saepius ab Episcopis sub palliata avaritia venduntur: mortuis nimirum, seu mutatis Clericis, quos Personas vocant (Mansi Concilia XX. 902). Various views have been taken of its genesis: Du Cange (ed. 1762), pointing to the early equivalent use of persōna and dignitās, starts out from the sense ‘personage, great or dignified person, dignitary’. H. Schaefer Pfarrkirche u. Stift im deutschen Mittelalter (1903) §19 shows that persōna was primarily applied to the holder of a parochial living who was non-resident, being either a conventual body, a chapter, or member of one, or often a mere layman, the spiritual duties being in either case discharged by a vicārius or substitute, who received a portion of the revenues. He refers the designation to the fact that the holder of the living merely figured in the character or role (classical Latin persōna) of parish clergyman, without actually discharging the duties. He explains the frequent early equivalence of persōna and dignitās, adduced by Du Cange, in the case of conventual or collegiate rectors, by the usual application of dignitās to the superior personages or ‘dignitaries’ of a chapter, and the fact that it was by these that the parochial parsonages were held. H. Rheinfelder (as cited in Französisches Etymol. Wörterbuch s.v. persōna) suggests that the usage originated among the higher clergy (e.g. bishops), who regarded the lower clergy as servants or feudal inferiors; post-classical Latin persona was used in this sense from the 9th cent. English legal writers, Coke, Blackstone, etc., have referred it to the Civil Law sense of persōna, the parson being viewed as the legal ‘person’ by whom the property of God, the Patron Saint, or the church, in the parish, was actually held; the person to sue and be sued in respect of this property. This identification was probably important in the development within English of the sense ‘rector’ and the normal application to a ‘parson mortal’. The English regional forms paason, passon reflect early assimilatory loss of r before s (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunc. 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §401(c)). Eng. Dial. Dict. records pronunciations indicative of these forms from Somerset; A. A. Hill ( Proc. Mod. Lang. Assoc. (1940) 55 308–56) records similar pronunciations from Dorset and Wiltshire in the 19th and 20th centuries. Attested earlier in surnames, although it is not certain whether these should be interpreted as reflecting the Middle English or the Anglo-Norman word: Willelmus Persun (1197), Ad. Persun (1240). I. Christian Church. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > rector > [noun] α. c1275 Lutel Soth Serm. (Calig.) 51 in R. Morris (1872) 188 Þes persones ich wene ne beoþ heo noȝt for-bore. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 2425 in C. Horstmann (1887) 176 Of priores and of persones and manie oþur clerkes al-so. c1387–95 G. Chaucer 478 A good man was ther of religioun And was a poure persoun [v.r. parson] of a toun. c1400 (a1376) W. Langland (Trin. Cambr. R.3.14) (1960) A. Prol. 80 (MED) Personis [c1400 B text parsons] & parissh prestis pleynide hem to here bisshop. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 394 The louȝer curatis, as persouns and vikers of paraschenis, ben stabili endewid in her riȝt. a1500 (c1477) T. Norton (BL Add.) (1975) 627 (MED) He was persone of a litylle towne..But litil connynge had he to preche. 1553 T. Wilson i. f. 20 A patrone of a benefice wil haue a poore yngrame soule, to beare the name of a persone for xx marke. 1625 C. Burges 61 The Person of Whitwell being sued for taking away a Horse for a Mortuary. c1650 J. Spalding (1850) I. 217 Mr Dauid Lyndsay, persone of Balhevie. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > parson > [noun] 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in 480 The Foxe was well induc'd to be a Parson. 1598 W. Shakespeare v. ii. 906 When all aloude the winde doth blow, And coffing drownes the Parsons saw. View more context for this quotation c1616 R. C. (1871) vi. 2383 The country parson may, as in a string, Lead the whole parish vnto any thing. 1666 R. South 24 Call a man Priest or Parson, and you set him, in some mens Esteem, ten degrees below his own Servant. 1691 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) II. 311 Mr. Baxter, the famous nonconformist parson, is lately dead. 1720 T. Gordon & J. Trenchard No. 20 After a Coach and Six, the next Trappings of Domestick Grandeur, are a Page, Plate, and a Parson. 1799 H. More (ed. 4) I. 15 The clergy are spoken of under the contemptuous appellation of The Parsons. 1821 T. Jefferson Autobiogr. in (1984) 10 This information I had from Parson Hurt, who happened at the time to be in London. 1899 29 May 5/4 ‘Mr. C.! He ain't a parson. He's a Man,’ with great emphasis on the ‘man’. ‘He's a downright Christian man. That's what he is.’ 1920 D. H. Lawrence xvi. 230 But am I a teacher because I teach, or a parson because I preach? 1948 A. Paton i. xvi. 114 I am a parson, and live at my church, and our life is quiet and ordered. 1985 J. Mortimer xv. 183 He was, he often said, only a simple parish priest, and not in the Top Ten of popular parsons. II. figurative and in extended use. 3. [From the black dress of a clergyman.] the world > animals > birds > order Pelecaniformes > [noun] > family Phalacrocoracidae > member of (cormorant) 1773 J. R. Forster Jrnl. 24 May in (1982) ii. 285 We saw great flocks of Curlews or Oyster-catchers, whom the people on board the Adventure called Parsons. 1806 176 The cormorant, called by the sailors ‘the Isle of Wight Parson’. 1827 P. Hawker (1893) I. 312 The chase we had with the shag, alias cormorant, alias ‘parson’. 1853 W. D. Cooper (ed. 2) 85 Parson, the Hake; so called from the black streak on its back. 1881 S. Evans (new ed.) Parson, a large black beetle; a cockroach. 1888 F. T. Elworthy Parson,..a black rabbit... A farmer when rabbiting cried out to me..there's a parson! shoot thick for God's sake. 1923 R. Kipling 189 ‘Look, there's the Parson!’ He pointed at a bold, black rabbit sitting half-way up the butt. 1941 A. Withington 165 The puffins (called ‘parsons’) with their spectacled eyes, white shirt bosoms, and red bills, sat on the cliffs dictating and chattering to their kind. 1976 16 Dec. 31/1 The recent correspondence..about wild black rabbits has been read with more than just a passing interest. I have always known them as ‘parson’ rabbits. 2002 (Nexis) 9 Apr. (Features) 11 The word ‘parson’ means not only a minister of religion, but also a black lamb. A black rabbit is also called a parson, and it was considered very bad luck to shoot one. the world > animals > birds > order Passeriformes (singing) > seed eaters > [noun] > family Emberizidae 1890 Parson, a tiny finch of Brazil, Sporophila minuta. society > travel > aspects of travel > guidance in travel > [noun] > that which guides or leads > signpost or stone 1785 F. Grose Parson, a guide post, hand or finger post by the road side for directing travellers;..because..it sets people in the right way. 1819 H. Busk 59* Like the rude guide post some a parson call That points the way but never stirs at all. 1886 xiii. 97 The peeple hereabouts call'd um ‘paasons’, 'cause thay pwinted the way an' didn't kare abowt it thurzelves. 1995 J. M. Sims-Kimbrey 219/1 Parson, a sign post. (It points the way, but never takes that way itself!) the world > food and drink > hunting > fishing > fishing-tackle > means of attracting fish > [noun] > artificial fly > types of 1867 F. Francis x. 304 The Parson..is a very showy fly. Compounds C1. a. Appositive. 1826 W. E. Andrews 473 The parson-editor of the folio edition of the New Book of Martyrs. 1927 42 517 Lowell's parson editor, with his pedantic commentaries, did not appear in the Biglow Papers until..the fall of 1848. 1856 F. E. Paget 145 I don't see why we are to assume that parson-husbands have more sense than other husbands. 1998 (Nexis) 10 June a15 She once infuriated her parson husband by bursting into laughter in the middle of a sermon. 1825 W. Cobbett (1885) II. 103 Let them..now call upon the parson-magistrate, to bring out the soldiers. 1917 J. L. Hammond & B. Hammond 72 A parson magistrate wrote to the Home Office in 1817 to say that he had seized two men who were distributing Cobbett's pamphlets. 1986 (Nexis) 16 Oct. When he demands that we discipline his own students..it is not the voice of the Free-born Englishman I hear, but rather the parson-magistrate. 1905 24 Apr. 3/1 The death of the Earl of Chichester deprives the parson-peers of by no means the least prominent of their number. 1612 J. Cotta 14 (margin) A Parson-Physition. 1625 J. Hart ii. i. 55 No lesse then three..Parson-Physitians had administered to him. b. General attributive. 1841 C. J. Lever Charles O'Malley lxvii, in Feb. 286/2 Not..pronounced 'doubly hazardous,' by the Insurance Companies, and not acceptable under a ‘parson premium’. c. Objective. 1903 11 Feb. 10/1 Q. What is the most popular sport in England at the present day? A. Parson-bating. 1907 23 Sept. 2/3 A mere parson-baiting Hooligan or one whose universal major premiss is Everything a bishop does is wrong. 1935 40 461 The group of parson-baiting skeptics which Mr. Adams hails as typical of the new age. 1998 (Nexis) 21 Feb. 10 Philip van Straubenzee, still very much alive, is 86, plays tennis and once reckoned his hobby was parson baiting. 1891 11 Dec. 6/2 He had been a ‘parson fighter’ for many years. 1742 H. Fielding II. iii. v. 106 Some of them declaring that Parson-hunting was the best Sport in the World. View more context for this quotation 1897 W. C. Hazlitt 4 Persons who identify piety with churchgoing and parson-worship. C2. the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > fire or flame > [noun] > fiery spots on burning paper 1744 H. Walpole 17 July (1961) XXX. 60 It will be like what children call the parson and clerk in burnt paper, the last spark of all. 1863 W. Barnes 74 Passons an' clarks, the running fiery spots on burning paper are sometimes so called by children, who watch them to see which will run last: parsons, the large ones,—or clerks, the small ones. 1882 H. Friend 43 Parson-and-Clerk, Arum maculatum. 1955 G. Grigson 429 Lords and Ladies... Local names... Parson and clerk, Dev, Som; parson-in-his-smock, Lincs. 1911 R. S. Rogers (rev. ed.) 11 The ‘parson's bands’, so called from the two little white sepals which stick out in front. 1967 A. M. Blombery iv. ii. 423 Eriochilus. Bunny Orchids, Parson's Bands... This genus has 5 species, with 4 of them confined to W.A. 1989 L. Cronin 71 Eriochilus cucullatus Parson's Bands. Upright slender perennial herb to 25 cm high. 1887 Aug. 265 Ecclesiastical reformers, lay or clerical, who stop short of dealing with the subject of the parson's freehold are merely hacking and lopping the branches in the vain hope of saving the tree. 1910 F. C. Warre II. xv. 320 The ‘parson's freehold’ enables a newcomer of his own authority to upset, if he chooses, all the arrangements of his predecessor. 1998 (Nexis) 13 Dec. 33 We must restore the parson's freehold. the world > matter > colour > named colours > grey or greyness > [noun] > dark grey 1760 C. Worsted Let. 5 Aug. in F. J. Manning (1954) 57 [I] have ventured to send you one hank more..which is called the parson's grey. 1828 J. Ruddiman 13 My mother..manufactured for me a pair of parson-grey stockings. 1914 26 Oct. 12/2 The shades are Steel, Oxford and Parson Grey, Mole, Beaver, Fawn. 1992 (Nexis) 3 July 16 There is new paint on every surface... We changed the outside color from Barn Red to Parson Gray. the world > animals > birds > order Charadriiformes > family Laridae (gulls and terns) > [noun] > member of genus Larus (gull) > larus marinus (blackback) 1849 A. E. Knox 247 Parson Gull. So called from a supposed resemblance in the arrangement of its black and white plumage to the hood and surplice of a clergyman. 1885 C. Swainson 208 Greater Black-backed Gull... Parson gull, or mew (Sussex; Galway). From the contrast of the black back with the snow white of the under plumage. society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > other specific games > [noun] > others 1688 R. Holme iii. xvi. 91 The persons fuddleng cap is lost.] 1712 R. Steele No.268 ¶7 I desire to know..if the merry Game of the Parson has lost his Cloak, is not mightily in vogue amongst the fine Ladies this Christmas. 1738 Feb. 80/1 During all Oliver's time, the chief diversion was, The Parson hath lost his Fuddling-cap. 1889 A. Conan Doyle xviii. 163 Saturday night game of ‘kiss-in-the-ring’, or ‘parson-has-lost-his-coat’. 1932 E. Sitwell 49 Evenings spent in playing..‘parson has lost his cloak’. 1837 J. F. Palmer in M. Palmer Gloss. 70 Passon, parson.—Passon in the Pulpit. See Cows-and-Calves. 1882 H. Friend 43 Parson-in-the-Pulpit, (1) Arum maculatum..(2) Aconitum Napellus. 1955 G. Grigson 429 Lords and Ladies... Local names... Parson in the pulpit, Dev, Dor, Som, Ches, Yks. 1998 (Nexis) 10 Mar. 14 The leaves of wild arum are everywhere, this the parson in the pulpit, so much a part of Westcountry woods and lanes. 1931 J. Lucas xxvi. 210 The Parson Jack Russell club..organises [badger] digs, and any breed of terrier is allowed out.] 1948 C. L. B. Hubbard 311 The true Parson Jack Russell Terrier is seldom seen to-day. 1992 Dec. 22/4 Do you know of anyone specialising in Jack Russell rescue? (Not the Kennel Club's Parson Jack Russells—the shorter-legged traditional JRs.) the world > food and drink > food > animals for food > fowls > [noun] > cuts or parts of fowl 1836 R. P. Smith II. 032 The goose had flown before the incessant fire kept up by the travellers; not a particle remained on the dish but the parson's nose, and that was a favourite mouthful with the patient gentleman. 1864 J. C. Hotten (new ed.) 196 Parson's nose, the hind part of a goose,—a savoury mouthful. 1882 H. Friend 43 Parson's Nose, Orchis morio, L. At Ipplepen. 1989 Sept. 10/1 The bird is roasted in a hot oven for 20–25 minutes, with..the trimmed wing tips and parson's nose in the bottom of the pan. 1821 Ld. Byron Let. 31 Aug. in (1901) V. 352 Your little envious knot of parson-poets may say what they please. 1902 6 77/2 There flourished,..in the provincial England of the Stuart era, a certain parson-poet named Robert Herrick. 1999 (Nexis) 26 Jan. 14 A South Devon house where a famous parson-poet kept a pet pig in the cellar is up for sale. 1822 M. Edgeworth 7 Jan. (1971) 314 Sydney Smith to frighten a little boy who was going to school..told him that..the boys were flogged with three-usher power—as good as what he said of a man's eating with a 3-parson power. 1871 tr. K. Marx iii. 18 The Commune was anxious to break the spiritual force of repression, the ‘parson-power’, by the disestablishment and disendowment of all churches as proprietary bodies. 1912 J. O. P. Bland v. 114 Young China resembles, and even excels, Old China in its forty-parson-power capacity for dividing any and every subject into heads and sub-heads innumerable. 1994 C. Bengelsdorf 26 The end of ‘parson power’, with the complete separation of church and state. the world > time > period > a day or twenty-four hours > [noun] > period of specific number of days 1790 W. Cowper 28 June (1982) III. 393 If they come..they will stay..a parson's week, that is to say about a fortnight, and no longer. 1856 C. Kingsley Let. to T. Hughes in (1879) II. xiv. 3 I wish you would..go with me to Snowdon..for a parson's week, i.e. twelve days. 1883 R. Broughton III. iii. x. 89 The Professor has been gone a parson's week. Derivatives society > authority > rule or government > rule of any class or persons > [noun] > of ecclesiastics 1830 789/1 A pampered squirarchy, and a magnificent parson-archy. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > parson > [adjective] 1860 T. H. Huxley in L. Huxley (1900) I. 212 Sunk, as nine tenths of women are, in mere ignorant parsonese superstitions. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > parson > [noun] > office of 1793 W. B. Stevens 13 Nov. (1965) i. 109 Jones is ripening into Parsonhood apace. 1834 New Ser. 1 632/1 The perquisites of parsonhood are of a more solid and tangible nature. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > parson > [noun] > office of 1844 J. T. J. Hewlett I. vi. 150 All the duties of parsonity. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > parson > [adjective] 1775 S. J. Pratt (1783) III. lxxxv. 129 [Attire] prig, prim, prue, and parsonly. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > parson > [noun] > worship of 1852 19 342 (heading) The Parsonolatry of Dissent. society > faith > church government > member of the clergy > parson > [noun] > lore about 1815 Ld. Byron 10 Jan. (1975) IV. 252 Which proves..your proficiency in parsonology. 1869 P. Fitzgerald II. vi. 63 Mr. D'Eyncourt's ready sneer about preaching or ‘parsonology’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1275 |
