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partisann.1 Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French partizaine. Etymology: < Middle French partizaine, partisanne, partizane (1466 as partrizienne ; French †partisane , now pertuisane : see note) < Italian partigiana (1451; in regional (chiefly northern) use also partesana ), feminine form corresponding to partigiano (see partisan n.2), apparently so called because it was regarded as the characteristic weapon of such forces in 15th-cent. Italy. Compare post-classical Latin partesana (1454 in an Italian source, 1488), partisana (1493), pertixana (1474), Spanish partesana (end of 16th cent.), Dutch bardezaan, bardisaan (a1596), Middle Low German bardeszan (1540; also bordesan, partesane), German Partisane (1485 as partisän), Swedish bardisan (1546 as bartissan), Danish partisan (1538 as bartisan).The forms pertuisan , pertuisane (see β forms) reflect the alteration of the Middle French etymon after pertuis hole (c1140 in Old French; < pertuiser ; compare pierce v.), resulting in Middle French, French pertuisane (1528; 1471 as pertuisegne ). Intermediate Middle French forms in pert- are attested from 1468 (pertizenne , also pertizanne ) and are perhaps reflected in English in the form pertison (see α. forms). 1. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > spear or lance > [noun] > barbed spear 1542 in M. Hayward (2004) II. 954 Item thertye and Seven Pertysanstes partely gilt garnisshid with grene vellat and frrengid with grene and white silke. ?a1549 (1998) I. 104/1 Partysans staved garnyshed with velvet parcell gilte. 1556 J. Heywood lii. 25 Byls, bowes, partisance, pikes. 1574 J. Baret P 124 A Partyson, a iauelyne to skirmish with. Hasta velitaris. 1582 (new ed.) sig. Dvj Partesants or Bore speares vngilt the dosen xxvi.s. viij.d. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta vii. xxiv. 570 Shewing their swordes, lances, pertuisans, and other armes. 1625 G. Markham 5 Their weapons..shall be faire Partizans of strong and short blades. 1688 J. S. 40 The Pike and Partisan are the onely Arms proper to stop the fury of the Cavalry. 1706 (new ed.) Partisan or Pertuisan, a Weapon like a Halbard, sometimes us'd by Lieutenants of Foot. 1805 W. Scott iv. xvii. 108 On battlement and bartizan Gleamed axe, and spear, and partizan. 1855 J. L. Motley II. ii. ix. 63 Others had the partisans, battle-axes, and huge two-handed swords of the previous century. 1885 E. Castle 44 The hastate weapons: pike, partisan..and poleaxe. 1967 F. Wilkinson i. 36 The partizan..had a long, broad blade tapering to a point and too small parrying blades situated at the base. 1986 B. B. Broughton 364 Partisan, staff weapon of the pole type with a two-edged straight blade introduced during the reign of Edward III. society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > sharp weapon > halberd > [noun] society > authority > office > symbol of office or authority > [noun] > staff or rod > carried by guards 1611 R. Cotgrave Pertuisane, a Partisan, or leading staffe. 1667 E. Chamberlayne (1684) i. 213 Of the Yeomen of the Guard..One half..bear in their hands..partizans. 1681 No. 1661/3 His Royal Highness was received by the Provost, Magistrates and Council, and by a Band of the Young Men of the Town, bearing Gilded Partisans. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in 2nd Ser. I. 194 They have brought two town-officers with their partizans, to guard their fair persons, I suppose. 1846 F. W. Fairholt 341 One of King Charles II.'s yeomen of the guard has been here copied... He carries a partisan in his right hand, and a sword by his side. 1980 17 Nov. 18 Once inside the building the Yeoman's pikes (properly called partizans) are left in the Prince's Chamber. 2000 (Nexis) 21 Mar. (Travel section) It's technically called a partizan and is a ceremonial spear. It's 8 feet long. society > armed hostility > warrior > armed man > [noun] > halberd society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by branch of army > [noun] > member of national or municipal guard 1649 3 The Lord President..with neer fourscore of the Members of the said Court. having sixteen Gentlemen with Partizans..marching before them, came to the place..and the Partizans dividing themselves on each side of the Court before them. 1693 No. 2869/2 First marched the City Partizanes in new Liveries bare-headed. 1820 W. Scott II. iii. 94 They..were fighting hard, when the provost, with his guard of partizans, came in.., and staved them asunder with their halberts. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). partisann.2adj. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French partisan. Etymology: < Middle French, French partisan adherent of a party (last quarter of the 15th cent. as partysan ), combatant in a small unit (1678), combatant not in the regular army (1827), also as adjective in sense ‘declaring oneself in favour of’ (1580), ‘factious’ (1616) < Italian partigiano (in regional (chiefly northern) use also partesano , partisano ) defender of a party (1312), also as adjective in sense ‘partial, biased’ (14th cent.) < parte part n.1 + -igiano , suffix found in many ethnic names (e.g. parmigiano parmesan adj.) and also in borghigiano (noun) villager, (adjective) living in or relating to a village, valligiano (noun) inhabitant of a valley, (adjective) born or living in a valley, and occasionally in occupational terms (e.g. artigiano artisan n., cortigiana courtesan n.2).In sense A. 2c partly after Serbian partizan, and partly after Russian partizan, both ultimately from the same source. A. n.2society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [noun] > a factionary or partisan 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria ii. iii. f. 62 Theyr newe capitayne..placed his souldiers as pleased hym in the forwarde and rereward, and sume as pertisens [tergiductores] abowt his owne person. 1569 T. Stocker tr. Diodorus Siculus i. iv. 6 [To] haue a number of men in euery citie to be his Pertisannes or garde. 1595 S. Daniel ii. iv. sig. G2v These partizanes of factions, often tride. 1600 E. Blount tr. G. F. di Conestaggio 292 The Portugals, pertisants vnto Anthonie. 1621 (ed. 3) 1298 They made themselues partisans to the one to oppresse the other. 1690 J. Locke iv. xix. 360 If any one should a little catechise the greatest part of the Partisans of most of the Sects in the World, he would not find..that they have any Opinions of their own. 1711 J. Swift No. 40. ⁋5 All the heresies in politics profusely scattered by the partizans of the late administration. 1757 E. Burke iii. §4. 79 How are the partizans of proportional beauty agreed? 1780 J. Bentham (1789) ii. §4 A partizan of the principle of asceticism. 1818 T. Jefferson Anas Pref. 4 Feb. in (1903) I. 267 It could not but occur to every one that these separate independencies, like the petty States of Greece,..would become at length the mere partisans & satellites of the leading powers of Europe. 1866 G. MacDonald (1878) xii. 234 The clergy~man must never be a partisan. 1874 J. R. Green vi. §1. 274 The Duke of Gloucester..had now placed himself at the head of the partizans of the war. 1915 W. Cather i. ix. 68 Lily's partisans urged that she was much prettier than Thea. 1934 R. Lynd xiv. 92 There is not a vegetable so mean that the initiate gardener cannot become its enthusiastic partisan. 1988 P. Gay iv. 199 He appointed himself Freud's heated partisan, energetically defending psychoanalytic innovations. 2001 Feb. 155/1 Several groups disseminated the Nixon myth—Republican partisans, media pundits, network newsmagazines, and historians. 2. Military. society > armed hostility > warrior > guerrilla > [noun] society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > irregular 1692 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) II. 523 Leiutenant collonel Manwaring..brought in 50 French partizans, with excellent arms. 1810 Duke of Wellington (1836) VI. 319 The numerous bands of partizans which are carrying on a destructive warfare. 1827 W. Scott VII. ii. 36 The qualities of a partizan, or irregular soldier, are inherent in the national character of the Spaniard. 1986 E. Acton iii. 43 The retreating [French] army was ravaged by hunger, cold, disease and ever more audacious and vicious assaults by peasant partisans. 2001 K. Glowczewska tr. R. Kapuściński 172 Tutsi partisans (called ‘cockroaches’ by the Hutus) burn villages and slaughter the locals. society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > leader or commander > [noun] > irregular 1706 (new ed.) (at cited word) In the Art of War, a good Partisan is an able Soldier well skill'd in commanding a Party. 1710 No. 4724/3 The same Partisan having roaded some Days in this Neighbourhood with a strong Party,..all possible Precautions are taken. 1760 Hist. in 26/2 This march would have been thought an astonishing exploit in a partizan at the head of a small and disencumbered corps. 1853 J. H. Stocqueler 208/1 Partisan,..also means an officer sent out upon a party, with the command of a body of light troops, generally under the appellation of the partisan's corps. 1907 J. W. Schultz iv. 49 Heavy Breast, a grim and experienced warrior.., was to be our partisan, or leader. society > armed hostility > warrior > guerrilla > [noun] > specific 1917 22 May 5/2 They [sc. the new government in Russia] do not intend to brook defiance of law and order, such as that shown by Lenin's partisans in commandeering Mme. Keshinskaya's villa. 1939 C. Gubbins (title) Partisan leader's handbook. 1944 27 Oct. 1943–11 Apr. 1944, 414 In the autumn of 1941 Marshal Tito's partisans began a wild and furious war for existence against the Germans. 1958 P. Kemp vi. 100 He arrived with thirty Partisans, saying he intended to lay an ambush in exactly the same place as ours. 1972 36 112 The author's personal experiences as a member of the British Military Mission to the leader of the Yugoslav partizans, Josip Broz Tito. 1993 Feb. 49/1 It was led by Major Frank Jaks, our S-3 who..had in his teenage years been an anti-Nazi partisan in Yugoslavia. B. adj.society > armed hostility > warriors collectively > bands of guerrillas spec. > [adjective] 1708 No. 4447/3 Our Partisan Parties have lately been very successful. 1731 N. Bailey II Partisan Party, a small body of Infantry commanded by a Partisan, to make an incursion upon the enemy, to lurk about their camp to disturb their foragers, and to intercept their convoys. 1827 W. Scott VII. ii. 36 The general system of Guerilla, or partizan warfare [in Spain]. 1855 T. B. Macaulay III. xii. 226 The Enniskilleners had never ceased to wage a vigorous partisan war against the native population. 1910 I. 844/2 He [sc. Cornwallis] suffered the loss of two detachments sent at intervals to disperse various partisan corps of the Americans. 1942 22 May 1/3 Behind the fighting front the Russian ‘partisan front’ in the German rear forms a skeleton army. 1978 A. Price xix. 220 He got back in..in 1939... France in '40, then the Middle East... And finally Yugoslavia as a weapons adviser to a big Partisan outfit. 2001 Winter 92 Here he called on the Slovenian homeguards to join the partisan resistance. society > society and the community > social relations > party or faction > [adjective] 1805 M. Warren III. xxxi. 432 The people may again be reminded, that the elective franchise is in their own hands; that it ought not to be abused, either for personal gratifications, or the indulgence of partisan acrimony. 1842 A. Strickland II. 380 Nothing but partisan malice could blame such hospitality. 1882 B. A. Hinsdale ii. 363 One spot..across which the shadow of partisan politics has never fallen. 1906 J. London iv. iv. 225 The display on both sides, the quickness of the one and the steadiness of the other, had excited the partisan spirit of the crowd. 1962 E. Waugh in Nov. 305 He fell under the spell of Dr Jagan, but without becoming oppressively partisan. 2000 Nov. 60/1 Straw polls began to appear in the heavily partisan press. Compounds 1862 18 May 3/1 The Richmond papers publish large numbers of advertisements urging enlistment in companies of ‘Partisan Rangers’. 1885 30 396/1 Partisan rangers..picking off an English officer with as little ruth as they felt in shooting a stag. 1944 W. H. Herbert xiii. 186 This, along with the successful raids of Mosby, the Confederate Partisan Ranger, against Heintzelman's generals.., left the Federals little to be happy about. 1998 S. E. Woodworth iii. 54 Life in the partisan rangers was easygoing, with the men often enjoying the comforts of home while ostensibly serving the Southern cause. Derivatives 1841 I. Taylor 190 None commands our servile or partisanlike support. 2002 (Nexis) 22 May Kutan..claimed that funds were being allocated in a partisan-like manner for the municipalities that did not face a disaster. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.11542 n.2adj.1555 |
