perfunctoryadj.

Brit.

/pəˈfʌŋ(k)t(ə)ri/, U.S.

/pərˈfəŋ(k)t(ə)ri/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perfunctorius.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin perfunctorius done in a careless or superficial manner, slight, careless, negligent (4th cent.) < classical Latin perfunct- , past participial stem of perfungī to perform, discharge, carry through ( < per- per- prefix + fungī to perform, discharge: see function n.) + -ōrius -ory suffix². Compare slightly earlier perfunctorily adv.Gabriel Harvey's use of the word (see quot. 1592 at sense 1a) is criticized as an inkhorn term by Thomas Nashe ( Strange Newes (1592) sig. I4^v).

a. Of an action, deed, work, etc.: done merely as a matter of duty, form, or routine, and so without interest, care, or enthusiasm; carried out with a minimum of effort; formulaic, mechanical; superficial, trivial.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > indifference > [adjective] > specifically of things or tasks

perfunctory1592

perfunctorious1599

supine of1724

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adjective] > careless, not thorough

overlyc1450

superficialc1456

sloven1532

sloven-like1569

perfunctory1592

slovenly1592

perfunctorious1599

cursory1601

cursorarya1616

slighty1619

cursitory1632

touch and go1682

passant1685

skimming1728

slapdashc1792

lax1812

slap-bang1815

slummocking1825

slobbery1832

percursory1837

slipshod1845

slip-string1854

slummocky1855

free and easy1864

unthorough1868

slurring1880

slummy1881

sploshy1881

skimmy1893

surfacy1975

drive-through1994

1592 G. Harvey Foure Lett. (new ed.) iii. 35 But as those perfunctorie Discourses are..let the best of them goe for wast paper.

1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 111 It is little of Value..that can be performed in such perfunctory Pamflets, on either side.

1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 107 Alexander had not been great, if Xenophon had not said, even the perfunctory actions of valiant persons ought to be recorded.

1690 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso i. 16 Divine Artifice..not to be discovered by the perfunctory looks of Oscitant or Unskilful Beholders.

1737 W. Barrowby tr. J. Astruc Treat. Venereal Dis. II. 430 The author takes notice of a salivation..but treats it in a perfunctory manner.

1794 R. Cumberland Box-lobby Challenge i. i. 3 You must think a Dedication of this sort, where all the virtues, not to be found in her character, are to be hammer'd out of my brain, is no perfunctory job.

1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 101 Attendance at divine service, at times when the service is merely perfunctory.

1885 J. Payn Talk of Town I. 254 [He] just glanced at the two documents in a perfunctory manner.

1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 172 He might answer,—a hurried scribble, showing how much bored he was at doing it, with perfunctory thanks for her letter.

1955 R. Church Over Bridge (1956) ix. 103 My interest in mechanics was perfunctory.

2000 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 19 Apr. 1 g Delicate fruits and berries get a perfunctory rinse with tap water.

b. Of a person: acting merely by way of duty or routine, or for form's sake and so without interest, care, or enthusiasm; superficial, offhand; formal, formulaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > indifference > [adjective]

carelessOE

negligentc1390

recklessc1425

neutral1494

indifferent?1520

undifferentc1540

uncareful1560

unmindful1560

unaddicted1583

unmindful1585

perfunctory1602

disinteressed1603

come day, go day (God send Sunday)1616

disinteresteda1631

Laodicean1633

vacanta1639

unconcerned1645

easy1649

mawkish1679

indifferinga1694

concernless1706

unminding1714

nonchalanta1734

coolrife1768

uninterested1772

uncaring1786

tooth-picking1814

pococurante1815

pococurantish1821

insouciant1829

non-committal1829

don't-care1830

promiscuous1837

don't-carish1838

unpartial1840

noncurantist1882

noncuranta1913

casual1916

Gallionic1920

disengaged1958

1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 141 None but such as will be Iesuiticall wholly, and not perfunctory, may find any fauour there.

1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 22 The presumptuous rashnesse of a perfunctory licencer.

1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. v. 323 How many perfunctory inquirers there are that carelessly interrogate this Divine oracle.

1844 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Apr. 319/2 The precentors, succentors, priest-vicars, vicars-choral, and the whole perfunctory fraternity of the cathedrals.

1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 267 How little that perfunctory person dreamed of what was going on under his nose.

1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent i. 81 He was never dismissive, perfunctory or contemptuous.

1979 E. Morgan Star Gate 20 Listening in shame To the perfunctory priest.

2001 S. Erikson Memories of Ice (2006) iv. 908 They're a perfunctory people, the Children of Mother Dark.

†2. Stated in formal terms, or with official formality. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [adjective] > stated in formal terms

perfunctory1703

1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vi. 48 A formal, and perfunctory Message should be sent to his Majesty, whereby they thought a Treaty would be enter'd upon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	perfunctory
释义	perfunctoryadj. Brit. /pəˈfʌŋ(k)t(ə)ri/, U.S. /pərˈfəŋ(k)t(ə)ri/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin perfunctorius. Etymology: < post-classical Latin perfunctorius done in a careless or superficial manner, slight, careless, negligent (4th cent.) < classical Latin perfunct- , past participial stem of perfungī to perform, discharge, carry through ( < per- per- prefix + fungī to perform, discharge: see function n.) + -ōrius -ory suffix². Compare slightly earlier perfunctorily adv.Gabriel Harvey's use of the word (see quot. 1592 at sense 1a) is criticized as an inkhorn term by Thomas Nashe ( Strange Newes (1592) sig. I4^v). 1. a. Of an action, deed, work, etc.: done merely as a matter of duty, form, or routine, and so without interest, care, or enthusiasm; carried out with a minimum of effort; formulaic, mechanical; superficial, trivial. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > indifference > [adjective] > specifically of things or tasks perfunctory1592 perfunctorious1599 supine of1724 the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > [adjective] > careless, not thorough overlyc1450 superficialc1456 sloven1532 sloven-like1569 perfunctory1592 slovenly1592 perfunctorious1599 cursory1601 cursorarya1616 slighty1619 cursitory1632 touch and go1682 passant1685 skimming1728 slapdashc1792 lax1812 slap-bang1815 slummocking1825 slobbery1832 percursory1837 slipshod1845 slip-string1854 slummocky1855 free and easy1864 unthorough1868 slurring1880 slummy1881 sploshy1881 skimmy1893 surfacy1975 drive-through1994 1592 G. Harvey Foure Lett. (new ed.) iii. 35 But as those perfunctorie Discourses are..let the best of them goe for wast paper. 1593 G. Harvey Pierces Supererogation 111 It is little of Value..that can be performed in such perfunctory Pamflets, on either side. 1655 T. Stanley Hist. Philos. I. iii. 107 Alexander had not been great, if Xenophon had not said, even the perfunctory actions of valiant persons ought to be recorded. 1690 R. Boyle Christian Virtuoso i. 16 Divine Artifice..not to be discovered by the perfunctory looks of Oscitant or Unskilful Beholders. 1737 W. Barrowby tr. J. Astruc Treat. Venereal Dis. II. 430 The author takes notice of a salivation..but treats it in a perfunctory manner. 1794 R. Cumberland Box-lobby Challenge i. i. 3 You must think a Dedication of this sort, where all the virtues, not to be found in her character, are to be hammer'd out of my brain, is no perfunctory job. 1829 R. Southey Sir Thomas More II. 101 Attendance at divine service, at times when the service is merely perfunctory. 1885 J. Payn Talk of Town I. 254 [He] just glanced at the two documents in a perfunctory manner. 1922 E. von Arnim Enchanted April (1989) 172 He might answer,—a hurried scribble, showing how much bored he was at doing it, with perfunctory thanks for her letter. 1955 R. Church Over Bridge (1956) ix. 103 My interest in mechanics was perfunctory. 2000 Milwaukee (Wisconsin) Jrnl. Sentinel (Nexis) 19 Apr. 1 g Delicate fruits and berries get a perfunctory rinse with tap water. b. Of a person: acting merely by way of duty or routine, or for form's sake and so without interest, care, or enthusiasm; superficial, offhand; formal, formulaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > indifference > [adjective] carelessOE negligentc1390 recklessc1425 neutral1494 indifferent?1520 undifferentc1540 uncareful1560 unmindful1560 unaddicted1583 unmindful1585 perfunctory1602 disinteressed1603 come day, go day (God send Sunday)1616 disinteresteda1631 Laodicean1633 vacanta1639 unconcerned1645 easy1649 mawkish1679 indifferinga1694 concernless1706 unminding1714 nonchalanta1734 coolrife1768 uninterested1772 uncaring1786 tooth-picking1814 pococurante1815 pococurantish1821 insouciant1829 non-committal1829 don't-care1830 promiscuous1837 don't-carish1838 unpartial1840 noncurantist1882 noncuranta1913 casual1916 Gallionic1920 disengaged1958 1602 W. Watson Decacordon Ten Quodlibeticall Questions 141 None but such as will be Iesuiticall wholly, and not perfunctory, may find any fauour there. 1644 J. Milton Areopagitica 22 The presumptuous rashnesse of a perfunctory licencer. 1701 J. Norris Ess. Ideal World I. v. 323 How many perfunctory inquirers there are that carelessly interrogate this Divine oracle. 1844 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) Apr. 319/2 The precentors, succentors, priest-vicars, vicars-choral, and the whole perfunctory fraternity of the cathedrals. 1870 J. R. Lowell Among my Bks. (1873) 1st Ser. 267 How little that perfunctory person dreamed of what was going on under his nose. 1931 V. Sackville-West All Passion Spent i. 81 He was never dismissive, perfunctory or contemptuous. 1979 E. Morgan Star Gate 20 Listening in shame To the perfunctory priest. 2001 S. Erikson Memories of Ice (2006) iv. 908 They're a perfunctory people, the Children of Mother Dark. †2. Stated in formal terms, or with official formality. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > ceremony or formality > [adjective] > stated in formal terms perfunctory1703 1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vi. 48 A formal, and perfunctory Message should be sent to his Majesty, whereby they thought a Treaty would be enter'd upon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1592
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