patoisn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈpatwɑː/, U.S.

/pæˈtwɑ/,

/pɑˈtwɑ/

Inflections: Plural unchanged.

Forms: 1600s– patois; Caribbean 1900s– patwa (in sense A. 2).

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French patois.

Etymology: < French patois local or regional dialect (early 14th cent. in Old French in this sense; 1285 in sense ‘incomprehensible, vulgar gibberish’), further origin uncertain and disputed: see Trésor de la langue française at patois and Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at patt-.

A. n.

a. A dialect spoken by the people of a particular region (esp. of France or French-speaking Switzerland), and differing substantially from the standard written language of the country. Also gen. (frequently depreciative): a regional dialect; a variety of language specific to a particular area, nationality, etc., which is considered to differ from the standard or orthodox version.Some French scholars formerly distinguished dialects, as regional varieties of a language prior to the formation of a written standard, from patois, as regional varieties after the formation of a written standard of that language. The term patois is now no longer used in linguistics, although it is still very common in non-technical usage, where it is usually depreciative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun] > social or class dialect

patois1643

social dialect1852

group language1920

group dialect1928

non-U1954

sociolect1963

acrolect1965

basilect1965

mesolect1971

folk-speech-

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §8 The Jargon and Patois of severall Provinces.

1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 314 At Venice, the sweetness of the patois is irresistible.

1810 Edinb. Rev. 17 226 That convenient patois which formerly performed most of the functions of a living language.

1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics iii. 65 The Italian language, spoken at his court, first rose above the patois in common use throughout Italy.

1862 Railway Traveller's Handy Bk. 92 When the train stops at Rochdale, you will hear the name called out as Rachdal, Rushdal, Roochdal, Rouchdal..the name being pronounced in accordance with the patois of the place itself.

1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 7 The Dutch patois spoken in South Africa.

1908 S. Atlantic Q. Oct. 339 The vocabulary of our Gullah patois is..five times as great.

1949 P. Bowles Sheltering Sky (1981) ii. xviii. 146 Americans did not speak English in any case,..they had a patois which only they could understand among themselves.

1989 S. Bedford Jigsaw i. 23 The children too repeated their lessons in Hochdeutsch,..but when they talked, even to the master, they dropped back into patois.

b. In extended use: jargon or informal speech distinctive to a particular age group, occupation, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > jargon

language1502

term of art1570

fustiana1593

jargoning1623

jargon1651

speciality1657

lingo1659

cant1684

linguaa1734

patois1790

slang1801

shibboleth1829

glim-glibber1844

argot1860

gammy1864

patter1875

stagese1876

vernacular1876

palaver1909

babble1930

buzzword1946

in word1964

rabbit1976

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 155 Their language is in the patois of fraud.

1880 Standard 10 Dec. A fashion..of introducing children in novels who talk an impossible gibberish utterly unlike real baby patois.

1953 S. Chase Power of Words ii. xxiv. 290 Here are a few suggestions for research badly needed now... Study of the patois of specialists.

1977 Rolling Stone 24 Mar. 38/1 Why couldn't the ideal interviewer also be a man, so as to avoid more rigorously the pitfalls of current feminist patois.

2002 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 15 Dec. d1 The locker-room talk of the math world's elite, a patois laced with passionate references to the fuzzy logic of theorem.

2. Also patwa. Any of the (English or French) Creole varieties of the Caribbean, esp. the English Creole of Jamaica. Also more widely: the variety of English spoken by some black British people of Caribbean descent.The form patwa has sometimes been used in the Caribbean to distinguish French Creoles from Anglophone ones.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > languages of the world > pidgins and creoles > [noun] > English-based > Caribbean

patois1934

1934 ‘J. Rhys’ Voy. in Dark i. vi. 83 She said something in patois and went on washing up.

1953 Caribbean Q. 3 i. 24 The hybrid dialects of French origin which in philology come under the heading Creole. In Trinidad the word used to denote these dialects is Patois.

1986 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 6 Sept. 622/2 My patwa had something distinctly European about it and the indigenous population [of Jamaica] knew that I was ‘de inglish boay’.

1992 Spectator 19 Dec. 87/3 A delightful primer for children of any age who either speak Jamaican patwa or might like to learn it.

B. adj.

Of, relating to, or of the nature of a patois.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > a language > dialect > [adjective] > terms relating to social or class dialects

patois1783

non-U1954

sociolectal1968

acrolectal1971

mesolectal1976

basilectal1977

1783 M. Berry Jrnl. 11 July (1865) I. 29 Much amused..by the patois songs of a voiturier.

1799 H. More Strict. Mod. Syst. Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 103 To ascertain that she has nothing patois in her dialect.

1809 M. Edgeworth Madame de Fleury x, in Tales Fashionable Life II. 232 She..remembered his patois accent.

1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping (1899) 90 His powers of conversation in patois Pushtoo.

1960 W. D. Elcock Romance Lang. v. 428 Galician, in the meantime, degenerated to a patois status; it is still widely spoken and practised as a literary cult by local enthusiasts.

1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 167 One of those French-based patois lingos that some of the West Indian people speak amongst theirselves.

1990 J. R. Lee in S. Brown Caribbean New Wave 120 He had his stereo, some tapes with his best patois programmes, [etc.].

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	patois
释义	patoisn.adj. Brit. /ˈpatwɑː/, U.S. /pæˈtwɑ/, /pɑˈtwɑ/ Inflections: Plural unchanged. Forms: 1600s– patois; Caribbean 1900s– patwa (in sense A. 2). Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French patois. Etymology: < French patois local or regional dialect (early 14th cent. in Old French in this sense; 1285 in sense ‘incomprehensible, vulgar gibberish’), further origin uncertain and disputed: see Trésor de la langue française at patois and Französisches etymol. Wörterbuch at patt-. A. n. 1. a. A dialect spoken by the people of a particular region (esp. of France or French-speaking Switzerland), and differing substantially from the standard written language of the country. Also gen. (frequently depreciative): a regional dialect; a variety of language specific to a particular area, nationality, etc., which is considered to differ from the standard or orthodox version.Some French scholars formerly distinguished dialects, as regional varieties of a language prior to the formation of a written standard, from patois, as regional varieties after the formation of a written standard of that language. The term patois is now no longer used in linguistics, although it is still very common in non-technical usage, where it is usually depreciative. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > dialect > [noun] > social or class dialect patois1643 social dialect1852 group language1920 group dialect1928 non-U1954 sociolect1963 acrolect1965 basilect1965 mesolect1971 folk-speech- 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) ii. §8 The Jargon and Patois of severall Provinces. View more context for this quotation 1789 H. L. Piozzi Observ. Journey France I. 314 At Venice, the sweetness of the patois is irresistible. 1810 Edinb. Rev. 17 226 That convenient patois which formerly performed most of the functions of a living language. 1832 J.-C.-L. S. de Sismondi Hist. Ital. Republics iii. 65 The Italian language, spoken at his court, first rose above the patois in common use throughout Italy. 1862 Railway Traveller's Handy Bk. 92 When the train stops at Rochdale, you will hear the name called out as Rachdal, Rushdal, Roochdal, Rouchdal..the name being pronounced in accordance with the patois of the place itself. 1893 F. C. Selous Trav. S.-E. Afr. 7 The Dutch patois spoken in South Africa. 1908 S. Atlantic Q. Oct. 339 The vocabulary of our Gullah patois is..five times as great. 1949 P. Bowles Sheltering Sky (1981) ii. xviii. 146 Americans did not speak English in any case,..they had a patois which only they could understand among themselves. 1989 S. Bedford Jigsaw i. 23 The children too repeated their lessons in Hochdeutsch,..but when they talked, even to the master, they dropped back into patois. b. In extended use: jargon or informal speech distinctive to a particular age group, occupation, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > register > [noun] > jargon language1502 term of art1570 fustiana1593 jargoning1623 jargon1651 speciality1657 lingo1659 cant1684 linguaa1734 patois1790 slang1801 shibboleth1829 glim-glibber1844 argot1860 gammy1864 patter1875 stagese1876 vernacular1876 palaver1909 babble1930 buzzword1946 in word1964 rabbit1976 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 155 Their language is in the patois of fraud. View more context for this quotation 1880 Standard 10 Dec. A fashion..of introducing children in novels who talk an impossible gibberish utterly unlike real baby patois. 1953 S. Chase Power of Words ii. xxiv. 290 Here are a few suggestions for research badly needed now... Study of the patois of specialists. 1977 Rolling Stone 24 Mar. 38/1 Why couldn't the ideal interviewer also be a man, so as to avoid more rigorously the pitfalls of current feminist patois. 2002 Salt Lake Tribune (Nexis) 15 Dec. d1 The locker-room talk of the math world's elite, a patois laced with passionate references to the fuzzy logic of theorem. 2. Also patwa. Any of the (English or French) Creole varieties of the Caribbean, esp. the English Creole of Jamaica. Also more widely: the variety of English spoken by some black British people of Caribbean descent.The form patwa has sometimes been used in the Caribbean to distinguish French Creoles from Anglophone ones. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > pidgins and creoles > [noun] > English-based > Caribbean patois1934 1934 ‘J. Rhys’ Voy. in Dark i. vi. 83 She said something in patois and went on washing up. 1953 Caribbean Q. 3 i. 24 The hybrid dialects of French origin which in philology come under the heading Creole. In Trinidad the word used to denote these dialects is Patois. 1986 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 6 Sept. 622/2 My patwa had something distinctly European about it and the indigenous population [of Jamaica] knew that I was ‘de inglish boay’. 1992 Spectator 19 Dec. 87/3 A delightful primer for children of any age who either speak Jamaican patwa or might like to learn it. B. adj. Of, relating to, or of the nature of a patois. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > dialect > [adjective] > terms relating to social or class dialects patois1783 non-U1954 sociolectal1968 acrolectal1971 mesolectal1976 basilectal1977 1783 M. Berry Jrnl. 11 July (1865) I. 29 Much amused..by the patois songs of a voiturier. 1799 H. More Strict. Mod. Syst. Fem. Educ. (ed. 4) I. 103 To ascertain that she has nothing patois in her dialect. 1809 M. Edgeworth Madame de Fleury x, in Tales Fashionable Life II. 232 She..remembered his patois accent. 1894 M. Dyan All in Man's Keeping (1899) 90 His powers of conversation in patois Pushtoo. 1960 W. D. Elcock Romance Lang. v. 428 Galician, in the meantime, degenerated to a patois status; it is still widely spoken and practised as a literary cult by local enthusiasts. 1986 R. Sproat Stunning the Punters 167 One of those French-based patois lingos that some of the West Indian people speak amongst theirselves. 1990 J. R. Lee in S. Brown Caribbean New Wave 120 He had his stereo, some tapes with his best patois programmes, [etc.]. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1643
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