pejoratev.

Brit.

/ˈpiːdʒəreɪt/,

/ˈpɛdʒəreɪt/, U.S.

/ˈpidʒəˌreɪt/,

/ˈpɛdʒəˌreɪt/

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin peiorat-, peiorare.

Etymology: < post-classical Latin peiorat-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of peiorare to make worse (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. a.d.) < classical Latin pēior worse (functioning as the comparative of malus bad: see mal- prefix) < the same Indo-European base as foot n. and int.; compare -ior suffix². Compare Middle French pejorer (1611 in Cotgrave in an apparently isolated attestation; French péjorer (rare) 1923 or earlier in reflexive use, 1970 in transitive use), Italian peggiorare (end of the 13th cent.), both in sense ‘to become worse’, Spanish †peorar (early 13th cent.; also as †peyorar ), Portuguese piorar (13th cent. as peiorar ), Italian peggiorare (end of the 13th cent.), all in sense ‘to make (something) worse’. Compare earlier meliorate v. Compare pejoration n. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (pī·dʒŏreⁱt) /ˈpiːdʒəreɪt/.

Chiefly formal.

transitive. To make worse; to cause to deteriorate. In later use also: to endow (a word) with a less favourable meaning. (In quot. a1701 used intransitively.)

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (transitive)]

worsec1175

worsena1250

appair1297

impair1297

pairc1330

aggregea1382

appalea1500

emperish1509

empyre1566

worser1590

worst1602

improve1609

pejorate1653

vilioratea1722

misimprove1847

nastify1873

1653 R. Saunders Treat. Moles Body Man & Woman 12 in Physiognomie If black, it pejorateth these his good fortunes.

a1701 C. Sedley tr. D. A. de Brueys & J. Palaprat Grumbler i. ix, in Wks. (1722) II. 163 Instead of meliorating, it pejorates.

1755 B. Franklin Observ. conc. Increase Mankind 8 in W. Clarke Observ. Late & Present Conduct French Slaves also pejorate the Families that use them.

1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona iv. 39 You do not appear to me to recognise the gravity of your situation, or you would be more careful not to pejorate the same.

1952 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 21 147 The position may be pejorated by competition with other animals, rabbits, sheep or insects.

1992 Times 1 Oct. 15/2 The Philistines pejorated their bad name at a town and gown row at Jena in 1693.

1993 Injuns in rec.arts.books (Usenet newsgroup) 27 May I can't see that it pejorates or has pejorated the term ‘Indian’ per se any more than the equally common phrase ‘No dogs or Irish allowed’ has pejorated the word ‘Irish’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	pejorate
释义	pejoratev. Brit. /ˈpiːdʒəreɪt/, /ˈpɛdʒəreɪt/, U.S. /ˈpidʒəˌreɪt/, /ˈpɛdʒəˌreɪt/ Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymons: Latin peiorat-, peiorare. Etymology: < post-classical Latin peiorat-, past participial stem (compare -ate suffix³) of peiorare to make worse (late 2nd or early 3rd cent. a.d.) < classical Latin pēior worse (functioning as the comparative of malus bad: see mal- prefix) < the same Indo-European base as foot n. and int.; compare -ior suffix². Compare Middle French pejorer (1611 in Cotgrave in an apparently isolated attestation; French péjorer (rare) 1923 or earlier in reflexive use, 1970 in transitive use), Italian peggiorare (end of the 13th cent.), both in sense ‘to become worse’, Spanish †peorar (early 13th cent.; also as †peyorar ), Portuguese piorar (13th cent. as peiorar ), Italian peggiorare (end of the 13th cent.), all in sense ‘to make (something) worse’. Compare earlier meliorate v. Compare pejoration n. N.E.D. (1904) gives only the pronunciation (pī·dʒŏreⁱt) /ˈpiːdʒəreɪt/. Chiefly formal. transitive. To make worse; to cause to deteriorate. In later use also: to endow (a word) with a less favourable meaning. (In quot. a1701 used intransitively.) ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > badness or evil > worse > [verb (transitive)] worsec1175 worsena1250 appair1297 impair1297 pairc1330 aggregea1382 appalea1500 emperish1509 empyre1566 worser1590 worst1602 improve1609 pejorate1653 vilioratea1722 misimprove1847 nastify1873 1653 R. Saunders Treat. Moles Body Man & Woman 12 in Physiognomie If black, it pejorateth these his good fortunes. a1701 C. Sedley tr. D. A. de Brueys & J. Palaprat Grumbler i. ix, in Wks. (1722) II. 163 Instead of meliorating, it pejorates. 1755 B. Franklin Observ. conc. Increase Mankind 8 in W. Clarke Observ. Late & Present Conduct French Slaves also pejorate the Families that use them. 1893 R. L. Stevenson Catriona iv. 39 You do not appear to me to recognise the gravity of your situation, or you would be more careful not to pejorate the same. 1952 Jrnl. Animal Ecol. 21 147 The position may be pejorated by competition with other animals, rabbits, sheep or insects. 1992 Times 1 Oct. 15/2 The Philistines pejorated their bad name at a town and gown row at Jena in 1693. 1993 Injuns in rec.arts.books (Usenet newsgroup) 27 May I can't see that it pejorates or has pejorated the term ‘Indian’ per se any more than the equally common phrase ‘No dogs or Irish allowed’ has pejorated the word ‘Irish’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1653
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