peshkashn.

Brit.

/peɪʃˈkaʃ/,

/peɪʃˈkʌʃ/, U.S.

/ˌpeɪʃˈkɑʃ/,

/ˌpeɪʃˈkəʃ/

Forms: 1600s piscash, 1600s pishcash, 1600s pisquesh, 1600s–1700s pishcush, 1700s peischcush, 1700s peiscush, 1700s– peshcush, 1800s paishcush, 1800s peishcush, 1800s peishkesh, 1800s pescush, 1800s– peshkash, 1800s– peshkesh Brit.

/pɛʃˈkɛʃ/, U.S.

/ˌpɛʃˈkɛʃ/, 1900s– peeshcash, 1900s– pishkesh Brit.

/piːʃˈkɛʃ/, U.S.

/ˌpiʃˈkɛʃ/.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu pēškaš; Persian pēškaš.

Etymology: < Urdu pēškaš and its etymon early New Persian pēškaš (Persian piškiš) gift presented by an inferior to a superior, tribute < peš before, in front + kaš- (Persian kiš-) drawing, carrying forward. In form peshkesh via Turkish peşkeş.

Now historical.

In Persia, India, and the Ottoman Empire: a fine, a quit-rent, tribute; spec. a fine or present made to the ruling authority on receiving an appointment or an assignment of revenue.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > gift made to superior

feec1369

peshkash1619

xenium1706

nazar1765

nazrana1789

1619 T. Kerridge et al. Let. 12 July in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 107 He expectes them pisquesh.

1683 Let. in W. Hedges Diary 18 July (1887) I. 101 For 3000 rup. yearly Piscash..and 2000 r. more yearly..they may on that condition have a grant to be Custome Free.

1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea IV. iv. xxi. 171 A peiscush, or present from an inferior to a superior.

1804 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1844) II. 1159 The payment of the peshcush and the pensions due at Hyderabad.

1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xi. 491 A peshkash, or tribute, of seven lakhs of rupees a year had hitherto been paid to the Nizam by the Company, for the northern Circars.

1884 E. O'Donovan Merv xxiii. 253 At the moment I had not to spare the necessary funds with which to make the return peshkesh.

1928 S. Zimand Living India viii. 156 The holders of these lands usually pay annually to the Nizam a percentage of the income, the peshcush.

1984 Hist. Jrnl. 27 675 Payment of officials was laggardly and..pishkesh, the present to a superior, was regularly required of office holders.

1992 Mod. Asian Stud. 26 70 On quite a few occasions even nazrana and peshkash were defined as bribes.

1993 S. Hackel in J. McManners Oxf. Hist. Christianity xv. 542 The patriarch was expected to pave the way to his throne by offering the sultan a munificent peshkesh.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	peshkash
释义	peshkashn. Brit. /peɪʃˈkaʃ/, /peɪʃˈkʌʃ/, U.S. /ˌpeɪʃˈkɑʃ/, /ˌpeɪʃˈkəʃ/ Forms: 1600s piscash, 1600s pishcash, 1600s pisquesh, 1600s–1700s pishcush, 1700s peischcush, 1700s peiscush, 1700s– peshcush, 1800s paishcush, 1800s peishcush, 1800s peishkesh, 1800s pescush, 1800s– peshkash, 1800s– peshkesh Brit. /pɛʃˈkɛʃ/, U.S. /ˌpɛʃˈkɛʃ/, 1900s– peeshcash, 1900s– pishkesh Brit. /piːʃˈkɛʃ/, U.S. /ˌpiʃˈkɛʃ/. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Urdu. Partly a borrowing from Persian. Etymons: Urdu pēškaš; Persian pēškaš. Etymology: < Urdu pēškaš and its etymon early New Persian pēškaš (Persian piškiš) gift presented by an inferior to a superior, tribute < peš before, in front + kaš- (Persian kiš-) drawing, carrying forward. In form peshkesh via Turkish peşkeş. Now historical. In Persia, India, and the Ottoman Empire: a fine, a quit-rent, tribute; spec. a fine or present made to the ruling authority on receiving an appointment or an assignment of revenue. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > giving > gift or present > [noun] > gift made to superior feec1369 peshkash1619 xenium1706 nazar1765 nazrana1789 1619 T. Kerridge et al. Let. 12 July in W. Foster Eng. Factories India 1618–21 (1906) 107 He expectes them pisquesh. 1683 Let. in W. Hedges Diary 18 July (1887) I. 101 For 3000 rup. yearly Piscash..and 2000 r. more yearly..they may on that condition have a grant to be Custome Free. 1753 J. Hanway Hist. Acct. Brit. Trade Caspian Sea IV. iv. xxi. 171 A peiscush, or present from an inferior to a superior. 1804 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1844) II. 1159 The payment of the peshcush and the pensions due at Hyderabad. 1846 H. H. Wilson Hist. Brit. India 1805–35 II. xi. 491 A peshkash, or tribute, of seven lakhs of rupees a year had hitherto been paid to the Nizam by the Company, for the northern Circars. 1884 E. O'Donovan Merv xxiii. 253 At the moment I had not to spare the necessary funds with which to make the return peshkesh. 1928 S. Zimand Living India viii. 156 The holders of these lands usually pay annually to the Nizam a percentage of the income, the peshcush. 1984 Hist. Jrnl. 27 675 Payment of officials was laggardly and..pishkesh, the present to a superior, was regularly required of office holders. 1992 Mod. Asian Stud. 26 70 On quite a few occasions even nazrana and peshkash were defined as bribes. 1993 S. Hackel in J. McManners Oxf. Hist. Christianity xv. 542 The patriarch was expected to pave the way to his throne by offering the sultan a munificent peshkesh. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1619
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