perellen.

Brit.

/pəˈrɛl/, U.S.

/pəˈrɛl/

Forms: 1700s parella, 1700s perella, 1700s–1800s perelle, 1900s– parelle.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French perelle.

Etymology: < French perelle (1694 in the passage translated in quot. 1712) < Occitan peirèla name of a lichen (first half of the 14th cent. in Old Occitan as peirela ), probably < peira stone (a1150; < post-classical Latin petra stone: see petro- comb. form¹) + -ela -ella suffix. In forms parelle , parella after the French variant parelle (1717 in the passage translated in quot. 1718), which may have arisen by confusion with French parelle red dock (12th cent. in Old French: see note below), and is probably also the source of scientific Latin parellus (in Lichen parellus, Linnaeus Mantissa Plantarum (1767) 132). Compare:1800 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. XI. 727 The plant is more common in the south of France than with us, and is called Perelle d'Auvergne, for so M. Amoreux directs us to spell it, not Parelle, which last name belongs to some species of Rumex.French parelle ‘red dock’ is < post-classical Latin paratella name of a plant (c1200 in a British source), of uncertain origin: probably < an unattested *parata (compare parada , attested in a 10th-cent. glossary), use as noun of classical Latin parāta , feminine singular past participle of parāre to prepare (see pare v.¹) + -ella -ella suffix. Compare post-classical Latin parella (c1290 in a British source).

Now historical.

A grey crustose lichen formerly collected in the Auvergne region of France for use in making a violet dye. Also: the dye itself.The lichen was identified by 18th-century botanists with the crab's-eye lichen, Ochrolechia parella, though the term seems to have referred also to other species such as Pertusaria dealbescens.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > other lichens

cup-moss1597

ground liverwort1597

Usnea1597

perelle1712

oak moss1728

necklace moss1759

rag1759

thrush-lichen1759

Iceland lichen1777

Iceland moss1785

map lichen1796

scripture-wort1835

letter lichen1846

dog lichen1853

fairy cups1855

velvet moss1858

manna lichen1864

tree-hair1866

famine-bread1887

old man's beard1888

sea ivory1966

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > lichens or fungi used in dyeing > [noun] > others

corkir1703

Canary weed1712

perelle1712

Canary moss1738

cudbear1767

aweto1845

Mauritius weed1858

velvet moss1858

1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. v. xii. 92/2 The Dutch Turnsole is..made with..Perelle, or a dry'd Earth that is brought from Auvergne in France, Lime, and Urine.

1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. vi. 182 The Dyers use it, as we do the Parelle of Auvergne [Fr. Parelle d'Auvergne].

1750 C. Smith Antient & Present State Cork II. iv. i. 243 (note) I am persuaded we have this Perelle in considerable quantities growing on the rocks, in the western parts of this county.

1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) V. 230 The plant know'n by the name of Perella, which is made use of in dying scarlet.

1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. III. 153 The parella or archil of Auvergne is made with the lichen parellus Linnæi.

1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Perelle, a name for the crab's-eye lichen,..found on rocks in mountainous countries, which yields a purple dye.

1992 F. S. Dobson Lichens (ed. 3) 210 It [sc. Ochrolechia parella] was used for dyeing and may have been the source of the purple dye ‘parelle’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	perelle
释义	perellen. Brit. /pəˈrɛl/, U.S. /pəˈrɛl/ Forms: 1700s parella, 1700s perella, 1700s–1800s perelle, 1900s– parelle. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French perelle. Etymology: < French perelle (1694 in the passage translated in quot. 1712) < Occitan peirèla name of a lichen (first half of the 14th cent. in Old Occitan as peirela ), probably < peira stone (a1150; < post-classical Latin petra stone: see petro- comb. form¹) + -ela -ella suffix. In forms parelle , parella after the French variant parelle (1717 in the passage translated in quot. 1718), which may have arisen by confusion with French parelle red dock (12th cent. in Old French: see note below), and is probably also the source of scientific Latin parellus (in Lichen parellus, Linnaeus Mantissa Plantarum (1767) 132). Compare:1800 J. E. Smith Eng. Bot. XI. 727 The plant is more common in the south of France than with us, and is called Perelle d'Auvergne, for so M. Amoreux directs us to spell it, not Parelle, which last name belongs to some species of Rumex.French parelle ‘red dock’ is < post-classical Latin paratella name of a plant (c1200 in a British source), of uncertain origin: probably < an unattested parata (compare parada* , attested in a 10th-cent. glossary), use as noun of classical Latin parāta , feminine singular past participle of parāre to prepare (see pare v.¹) + -ella -ella suffix. Compare post-classical Latin parella (c1290 in a British source). Now historical. A grey crustose lichen formerly collected in the Auvergne region of France for use in making a violet dye. Also: the dye itself.The lichen was identified by 18th-century botanists with the crab's-eye lichen, Ochrolechia parella, though the term seems to have referred also to other species such as Pertusaria dealbescens. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > lichen > [noun] > other lichens cup-moss1597 ground liverwort1597 Usnea1597 perelle1712 oak moss1728 necklace moss1759 rag1759 thrush-lichen1759 Iceland lichen1777 Iceland moss1785 map lichen1796 scripture-wort1835 letter lichen1846 dog lichen1853 fairy cups1855 velvet moss1858 manna lichen1864 tree-hair1866 famine-bread1887 old man's beard1888 sea ivory1966 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > lichens or fungi used in dyeing > [noun] > others corkir1703 Canary weed1712 perelle1712 Canary moss1738 cudbear1767 aweto1845 Mauritius weed1858 velvet moss1858 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. Compl. Hist. Druggs I. v. xii. 92/2 The Dutch Turnsole is..made with..Perelle, or a dry'd Earth that is brought from Auvergne in France, Lime, and Urine. 1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. vi. 182 The Dyers use it, as we do the Parelle of Auvergne [Fr. Parelle d'Auvergne]. 1750 C. Smith Antient & Present State Cork II. iv. i. 243 (note) I am persuaded we have this Perelle in considerable quantities growing on the rocks, in the western parts of this county. 1783 J. O. Justamond tr. G. T. F. Raynal Philos. Hist. Europeans in Indies (new ed.) V. 230 The plant know'n by the name of Perella, which is made use of in dying scarlet. 1791 W. Nicholson tr. J. A. C. Chaptal Elements Chem. III. 153 The parella or archil of Auvergne is made with the lichen parellus Linnæi. 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products Perelle, a name for the crab's-eye lichen,..found on rocks in mountainous countries, which yields a purple dye. 1992 F. S. Dobson Lichens (ed. 3) 210 It [sc. Ochrolechia parella] was used for dyeing and may have been the source of the purple dye ‘parelle’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2005; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.1712
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