permissionn.

Brit.

/pəˈmɪʃn/, U.S.

/pərˈmɪʃ(ə)n/

Forms: Middle English permision, Middle English permissioun, Middle English permyssion, Middle English– permission, 1500s permyssyon; Scottish pre-1700 permissione, pre-1700 permissioun, pre-1700 permittion, pre-1700 1700s– permission.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French permission; Latin permissiōn-, permissiō.

Etymology: < Middle French permission (French permission ) divine consent (c1180 in Old French), authorization (1378) and its etymon classical Latin permissiōn-, permissiō leave, consent < permiss- , past participial stem of permittere permit v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan permissió (14th cent.), Spanish permisión (1337), Italian permissione (1305–6).The following slightly earlier attestation is probably an error for promission n. (although compare Anglo-Norman permission promise (1212–13)):?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 42^v Sich medecenez forsoþ haþ many bihestez & permissionz [L. promissiones], fewe wirchyngez forsoþ & operacionz.

a. The action of permitting, allowing, or giving consent; consent, leave, or liberty to do something.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun]

leaveeOE

yleaveOE

willOE

grant?c1225

thaving?c1225

grantisea1300

licence1362

grace1389

pardona1425

libertyc1425

patiencec1425

permission1425

sufferingc1460

congee1477

legencea1500

withganga1500

favour1574

beleve1575

permittance1580

withgate1599

passage1622

sufferage1622

attolerance1676

sanction1738

permiss-

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > permission to act

powerc1300

permission1425

leaveway1913

1425 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 544 John throw the permissioun of God abbot of Melros.

c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 56 (MED) As long as Rome seruyd his goddis, Iubiter, Iuno, Appollo, Minerue and swech othir, so long was it kept be permision of þoo immortal goddis, þat þere myth non of her enmyes ouer-com hem.

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 427 (MED) The deuelles may not do eny thynge but by the permission and sufferaunce of God.

1537 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 110 The permyssyon of hym to haue suche a Scope to worke myschyffes at his pleasur.

1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxviij^v The same was done by my leaue and permission.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 241 What Antony shall speake, I will protest He speakes by leaue, and by permission .

1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 496 Do as thou find'st Permission from above.

1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 13 Nothing attended us without the Direction or Permission of Divine Power.

1797 J. Abernethy Surg. & Physiol. Ess. iii. 17 I have obtained permission of Mr. Wilson, to mention a remarkable case of this kind.

1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. i. 12 Margaret, with her mother's permission, was equally compliant.

1845 F. Douglass Narr. Life F. Douglass xi. 105 He wished to know how I dared to go out of the city without asking his permission.

1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. v. 66 I have your guardian's permission to address you.

1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. vii. 122 No, no; everything is now in order. You gave permission for that, Mr. Mac, as I am informed.

1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 254/1 One patient died suddenly and unexpectedly; permission for autopsy was not obtained.

1997 Bangkok Post 26 Feb. i. 13/3 Sidhu, who is facing trial in a 1989 murder case as a co-accused, needed special permission from a court in Punjab to make the tour.

b. Law. A document, statement, etc., entitling one to do something; = permit n.¹ 2. In Ecclesiastical Law: a dispensation.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes

placard1482

warranta1513

placket1571

placate1572

licence1598

permission1607

purwanah1619

permit1649

furlougha1658

legitimation1660

chitty1698

chop1699

cedula1724

ticket of leave1732

chit1757

stiff1892

1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ll2/2 Haye boote..is vsed in our common lawe for a permission to take thorns and freeth to make or repaire hedges.

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 49 Is it imaginable there should bee among these..a law giving permissions laxative to unmarry a wife and marry a lust.

1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 118 The colonists here are enjoined by the laws to seize..all such as travel about the country without being able to show a permission in writing for that purpose.

1834 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Seine 151 Proceeds of a sale of permissions to eat butter during Lent.

1907 Catholic Encycl. II. 597/2 All those permissions for public worship which in the early ages of the Church were granted to particular churches.

1979 Internat. Jrnl. Sociol. of Law 7 349 A man was offered an alternative plot of land with appropriate permissions, onto which he could transfer his small business, a ‘kennels’.

1995 Fellowship Catholic Scholars Newslet. July 7/2 The tradition of the inter-Council years was of the systematic elaboration of prohibitions, requirements, permissions, and exceptions deriving from the Decalogue.

c. A licence or freedom to do something; the granting of such freedom; (Publishing) an authorization given to a publisher to quote or reproduce material from a copyright work.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > publishing > [noun] > publishing rights

privilege1513

copyright1735

fair use1869

book rights1880

release1904

magazine rights1909

fair dealing1916

permission1945

a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 334 It [sc. love] is meerly a lust of the blood, and a permission of the will.

1676 Earl of Orrery Eng. Adventures i. 45 He took his leave of them, begging and obtaining their permissions to wait on them again.

1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 353 The Caimacan..gave strangers a permission to defend themselves against these disorderly Rake-shames.

1857 F. W. Faber Poems (ed. 3) 483 Heaven and earth in awe sublime Stayed to receive..new permissions to delight The race of men with day and night.

1903 G. B. Shaw Revolutionist's Handbk. ii, in Man & Superman 188 The Factory Code..and Trade Union organization..have..converted the old unrestricted property of the cotton manufacturer in his will and the cotton spinner in his labor into a mere permission to trade or work on stringent public..conditions.

1945 M. Nicholson Man. Copyright Pract. p. vii This is a book for the author, editor, agent, permissions department, publisher and his secretary.

1958 F. O'Connor Let. 12 Jan. in Habit of Being (1980) 263 I am very much obliged for your taking the time to find out about the permissions etc.

1990 J. Masson Final Anal. (1991) viii. 159 The Freud Copyright gives all permissions, worldwide, for the publication of any work by Freud, or for quotations from his works.

2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 28 June 17 One farmer denied access because another guidebook publicises a route through his farm, without a permission he would have freely given.

†2. Giving up, abandonment. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun]

resignationc1380

resigning1395

upgivingc1423

cessionc1440

delivery?c1452

resign1457

remittinga1475

resignment1543

surrendry1547

resignal?1573

quittancea1593

relinquishment1593

delinquishment1603

abandon1614

surrendering1648

untaking1657

permission1677

vacating1820

1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 25 By God's secret judicial dereliction and permission of them.

Compounds

† permission bonnet n. Obsolete rare = permission cap n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > permission cap

permission cap1685

permission bonnet1722

1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets i. 4 Here's three Permission Bonnets for ye.

† permission cap n. Obsolete rare a cap permitted to be worn on occasions when or in places where it was proper to be uncovered; a skullcap.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > permission cap

permission cap1685

permission bonnet1722

1685 London Gaz. No. 2031/1 His Majesties High Commissioner..in his return..having the High Constable on his right hand and the Great Marshall on his left, with Permission Caps and in their Robes.

1690 London Gaz. No. 2564/4 A Guinea Negro Boy,..on his head a black Cloth Permission Cap.

permission marketing n. a form of marketing in which a potential customer agrees in advance to receive promotional material.

ΚΠ

1986 Charlotte (North Carolina) Observer 28 July 14C Perlstein also stresses the value of what he calls ‘permission marketing’. The small business owner calls the prospect and asks his permission to send promotional mail. The prospect may refuse, saving the business owner's mailing time and money. If the prospect agrees, that increases the chance the mail will be opened and read.

1999 S. Godin (title) Permission marketing: turning strangers into friends, and friends into customers.

2009 C. Arnold Ethical Marketing & New Consumer vi. 56 Postcards in bars are a form of permission marketing. No one has to pick them up. No one thrusts them into your hand, if they're good enough they'll get taken.

permission-ship n. now historical a ship having permission or licence to enter a port otherwise closed.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > vessel with permission to enter closed port

permission-ship1667

1667 Cal. State Papers, Domest. 563 A French permission ship of 300 tons came in [to Deal] with linen, and is gone up to London.

1705 Let. 30 June in Papers T. Bowrey (1927) 242 On the 23rd Aprill last Arrived here the Mary Galley, a Permission Ship, directly from England.

1736 Enq. into Misconduct & Frauds committed by Several Factors, Super-cargoes, & Others 55 Under Pretence of fetching more Provisions, [they] bring in a fresh Cargo, by which Contrivance the Permission Ship delivers a much greater Quantity of Goods than ever she brought from Europe.

1926 Amer. Hist. Rev. 31 666 The Spanish agent in London..had received a thousand pounds..in return for countenancing false measurements of the permission-ships and other frauds.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	permission
释义	permissionn. Brit. /pəˈmɪʃn/, U.S. /pərˈmɪʃ(ə)n/ Forms: Middle English permision, Middle English permissioun, Middle English permyssion, Middle English– permission, 1500s permyssyon; Scottish pre-1700 permissione, pre-1700 permissioun, pre-1700 permittion, pre-1700 1700s– permission. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French permission; Latin permissiōn-, permissiō. Etymology: < Middle French permission (French permission ) divine consent (c1180 in Old French), authorization (1378) and its etymon classical Latin permissiōn-, permissiō leave, consent < permiss- , past participial stem of permittere permit v. + -iō -ion suffix¹. Compare Catalan permissió (14th cent.), Spanish permisión (1337), Italian permissione (1305–6).The following slightly earlier attestation is probably an error for promission n. (although compare Anglo-Norman permission promise (1212–13)):?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 42^v Sich medecenez forsoþ haþ many bihestez & permissionz [L. promissiones], fewe wirchyngez forsoþ & operacionz. 1. a. The action of permitting, allowing, or giving consent; consent, leave, or liberty to do something. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] leaveeOE yleaveOE willOE grant?c1225 thaving?c1225 grantisea1300 licence1362 grace1389 pardona1425 libertyc1425 patiencec1425 permission1425 sufferingc1460 congee1477 legencea1500 withganga1500 favour1574 beleve1575 permittance1580 withgate1599 passage1622 sufferage1622 attolerance1676 sanction1738 permiss- society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > permission to act powerc1300 permission1425 leaveway1913 1425 in C. Innes Liber Sancte Marie de Melros (1837) 544 John throw the permissioun of God abbot of Melros. c1450 J. Capgrave Life St. Augustine (1910) 56 (MED) As long as Rome seruyd his goddis, Iubiter, Iuno, Appollo, Minerue and swech othir, so long was it kept be permision of þoo immortal goddis, þat þere myth non of her enmyes ouer-com hem. ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1869) II. 427 (MED) The deuelles may not do eny thynge but by the permission and sufferaunce of God. 1537 T. Cromwell in R. B. Merriman Life & Lett. T. Cromwell (1902) II. 110 The permyssyon of hym to haue suche a Scope to worke myschyffes at his pleasur. 1560 J. Daus tr. J. Sleidane Commentaries f. lxxviij^v The same was done by my leaue and permission. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) iii. i. 241 What Antony shall speake, I will protest He speakes by leaue, and by permission . View more context for this quotation 1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd i. 496 Do as thou find'st Permission from above. View more context for this quotation 1722 D. Defoe Jrnl. Plague Year 13 Nothing attended us without the Direction or Permission of Divine Power. 1797 J. Abernethy Surg. & Physiol. Ess. iii. 17 I have obtained permission of Mr. Wilson, to mention a remarkable case of this kind. 1811 J. Austen Sense & Sensibility II. i. 12 Margaret, with her mother's permission, was equally compliant. View more context for this quotation 1845 F. Douglass Narr. Life F. Douglass xi. 105 He wished to know how I dared to go out of the city without asking his permission. 1871 ‘G. Eliot’ Middlemarch (1872) I. i. v. 66 I have your guardian's permission to address you. 1915 A. Conan Doyle Valley of Fear i. vii. 122 No, no; everything is now in order. You gave permission for that, Mr. Mac, as I am informed. 1967 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 113 254/1 One patient died suddenly and unexpectedly; permission for autopsy was not obtained. 1997 Bangkok Post 26 Feb. i. 13/3 Sidhu, who is facing trial in a 1989 murder case as a co-accused, needed special permission from a court in Punjab to make the tour. b. Law. A document, statement, etc., entitling one to do something; = permit n.¹ 2. In Ecclesiastical Law: a dispensation. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > permission > [noun] > document which permits or authorizes placard1482 warranta1513 placket1571 placate1572 licence1598 permission1607 purwanah1619 permit1649 furlougha1658 legitimation1660 chitty1698 chop1699 cedula1724 ticket of leave1732 chit1757 stiff1892 1607 J. Cowell Interpreter sig. Ll2/2 Haye boote..is vsed in our common lawe for a permission to take thorns and freeth to make or repaire hedges. 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 49 Is it imaginable there should bee among these..a law giving permissions laxative to unmarry a wife and marry a lust. 1786 G. Forster tr. A. Sparrman Voy. Cape Good Hope (ed. 2) I. 118 The colonists here are enjoined by the laws to seize..all such as travel about the country without being able to show a permission in writing for that purpose. 1834 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Seine 151 Proceeds of a sale of permissions to eat butter during Lent. 1907 Catholic Encycl. II. 597/2 All those permissions for public worship which in the early ages of the Church were granted to particular churches. 1979 Internat. Jrnl. Sociol. of Law 7 349 A man was offered an alternative plot of land with appropriate permissions, onto which he could transfer his small business, a ‘kennels’. 1995 Fellowship Catholic Scholars Newslet. July 7/2 The tradition of the inter-Council years was of the systematic elaboration of prohibitions, requirements, permissions, and exceptions deriving from the Decalogue. c. A licence or freedom to do something; the granting of such freedom; (Publishing) an authorization given to a publisher to quote or reproduce material from a copyright work. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > publishing > [noun] > publishing rights privilege1513 copyright1735 fair use1869 book rights1880 release1904 magazine rights1909 fair dealing1916 permission1945 a1616 W. Shakespeare Othello (1622) i. iii. 334 It [sc. love] is meerly a lust of the blood, and a permission of the will. View more context for this quotation 1676 Earl of Orrery Eng. Adventures i. 45 He took his leave of them, begging and obtaining their permissions to wait on them again. 1718 J. Ozell tr. J. Pitton de Tournefort Voy. Levant I. 353 The Caimacan..gave strangers a permission to defend themselves against these disorderly Rake-shames. 1857 F. W. Faber Poems (ed. 3) 483 Heaven and earth in awe sublime Stayed to receive..new permissions to delight The race of men with day and night. 1903 G. B. Shaw Revolutionist's Handbk. ii, in Man & Superman 188 The Factory Code..and Trade Union organization..have..converted the old unrestricted property of the cotton manufacturer in his will and the cotton spinner in his labor into a mere permission to trade or work on stringent public..conditions. 1945 M. Nicholson Man. Copyright Pract. p. vii This is a book for the author, editor, agent, permissions department, publisher and his secretary. 1958 F. O'Connor Let. 12 Jan. in Habit of Being (1980) 263 I am very much obliged for your taking the time to find out about the permissions etc. 1990 J. Masson Final Anal. (1991) viii. 159 The Freud Copyright gives all permissions, worldwide, for the publication of any work by Freud, or for quotations from his works. 2001 Irish Times (Nexis) 28 June 17 One farmer denied access because another guidebook publicises a route through his farm, without a permission he would have freely given. †2. Giving up, abandonment. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > relinquishing > [noun] resignationc1380 resigning1395 upgivingc1423 cessionc1440 delivery?c1452 resign1457 remittinga1475 resignment1543 surrendry1547 resignal?1573 quittancea1593 relinquishment1593 delinquishment1603 abandon1614 surrendering1648 untaking1657 permission1677 vacating1820 1677 T. Gale Court of Gentiles: Pt. III iii. 25 By God's secret judicial dereliction and permission of them. Compounds † permission bonnet n. Obsolete rare = permission cap n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > permission cap permission cap1685 permission bonnet1722 1722 A. Ramsay Tale Three Bonnets i. 4 Here's three Permission Bonnets for ye. † permission cap n. Obsolete rare a cap permitted to be worn on occasions when or in places where it was proper to be uncovered; a skullcap. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > [noun] > cap > types of > worn for specific purpose > permission cap permission cap1685 permission bonnet1722 1685 London Gaz. No. 2031/1 His Majesties High Commissioner..in his return..having the High Constable on his right hand and the Great Marshall on his left, with Permission Caps and in their Robes. 1690 London Gaz. No. 2564/4 A Guinea Negro Boy,..on his head a black Cloth Permission Cap. permission marketing n. a form of marketing in which a potential customer agrees in advance to receive promotional material. ΚΠ 1986 Charlotte (North Carolina) Observer 28 July 14C Perlstein also stresses the value of what he calls ‘permission marketing’. The small business owner calls the prospect and asks his permission to send promotional mail. The prospect may refuse, saving the business owner's mailing time and money. If the prospect agrees, that increases the chance the mail will be opened and read. 1999 S. Godin (title) Permission marketing: turning strangers into friends, and friends into customers. 2009 C. Arnold Ethical Marketing & New Consumer vi. 56 Postcards in bars are a form of permission marketing. No one has to pick them up. No one thrusts them into your hand, if they're good enough they'll get taken. permission-ship n. now historical a ship having permission or licence to enter a port otherwise closed. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > [noun] > vessel with permission to enter closed port permission-ship1667 1667 Cal. State Papers, Domest. 563 A French permission ship of 300 tons came in [to Deal] with linen, and is gone up to London. 1705 Let. 30 June in Papers T. Bowrey (1927) 242 On the 23rd Aprill last Arrived here the Mary Galley, a Permission Ship, directly from England. 1736 Enq. into Misconduct & Frauds committed by Several Factors, Super-cargoes, & Others 55 Under Pretence of fetching more Provisions, [they] bring in a fresh Cargo, by which Contrivance the Permission Ship delivers a much greater Quantity of Goods than ever she brought from Europe. 1926 Amer. Hist. Rev. 31 666 The Spanish agent in London..had received a thousand pounds..in return for countenancing false measurements of the permission-ships and other frauds. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1425
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