permutev.

Brit.

/pəˈmjuːt/, U.S.

/pərˈmjut/

Forms: Middle English permote (past tense), Middle English– permute.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French permuter; Latin permūtāre.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French permuter to barter, exchange (1342; 1337 as permuer : see permue v.; French permuter ) and its etymon classical Latin permūtāre to exchange, interchange, change, transform ( < per- per- prefix + mūtāre to change: see mutate v.). Compare Old Occitan permutar (1275 in sense ‘to barter’; Occitan permutar), Catalan permutar (1429), Spanish permutar (1318), Italian permutare (1282); also German permutieren (1480 as permutiren; now rare).

a. transitive. To exchange (goods, persons, money, etc.); to barter; to swap. Also intransitive.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > exchange > exchange, change for [verb (transitive)]

changec1225

truck?c1225

interchangec1374

permutec1400

wrixlec1400

turnc1449

wissel1487

chaffer1530

niffer1540

bandy1589

to chaffer words1590

swap1590

barter1596

counterchange1598

commute1633

trade1636

countercambiate1656

ring1786

rebarter1845

trade1864

swop1890

permutate1898

interconvert1953

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 110 (MED) Be ȝe nouȝt in dowel..in þat ȝe eten þe puddyng, Mortrewes, and other mete and we no mussel hade..I wolde permute [v.r. permitte] my penaunce with ȝowre, for I am in poynte to dowel!

?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 45 (MED) Marchus seide that hit was not profitable to the commune vtilite to permute [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. chaunge; L. permutare] so mony noble men for oon olde man.

1555 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 295 To buy, sell, trucke, change and permute all and euery kind..of wares.

1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 91 A certaine equalitie in the value of things permuted.

1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 165 Merchandise..by permuting for Native commodities, it gaineth the varieties of all Countries.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Permuter, an exchanger; he who permutes.

1805 H. T. Colebrooke Gram. Sanskrit Lang. I. xxi. 229 The penult is permuted with the palatine.

1867 Times 11 Mar. 9/4 The young men of the reserve..may permute with those of the National Guard, or furnish as a substitute a man under 32 years of age.

1900 Amer. Anthropologist 2 529 As in other American languages, it is found that in Catawba certain sounds at times permute or interchange among themselves.

1942 tr. Parmenides in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 63 9 Exchange the place and permute the shining color.

2002 Amer. Bar Assoc. Antitrust Law Jrnl. (Nexis) No. 1 If bidding is competitive, firms B and C simply exchange or permute bids, just as they have exchanged costs.

†b. intransitive. Ecclesiastical Law. To exchange benefices or offices. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > benefice > [verb (intransitive)] > exchange benefices

permutec1400

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iii. 185 (MED) Ich myself, cyuyle, and symonye my felawe Wollen ryden vp-on rectours and riche men deuoutours, And notories and [read on] persons þat permuten ofte.

1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 10 Euerye of the sayd benefyces..should be..vtterly voyde, as if the said offender had resygned and permuted.

1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Permute, to exchange Church-Livings one for another.

a. transitive. To alter, change; to vary.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)]

wharvec897

wendOE

i-wendeOE

awendOE

aturn?c1225

biwrixle?c1225

changec1225

turnc1225

shifta1325

vary1340

inchangea1382

strange1390

altera1398

alterate?a1425

permute?a1425

difference1481

renewc1515

alienate1534

wrixlec1540

to chop and change1557

variate1566

palter1587

permutate1598

immute1613

unmake1616

unsame1632

chop1644

veer1647

variegatea1690

refract1700

mutabilatea1704

commute1825

stranger1863

switch1919

the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > cause sudden or complete change [verb (transitive)]

permute?a1425

permue?c1450

revolutionize1798

revolution1805

revolutionalize1868

?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 32^v (MED) Som be permuted [?c1425 Paris chaunged; L. permutata] in to malencolious hardenes.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xix. 72 O goddes celestial,..gyue socours to me,..and wul permute rigoure to equyte.

c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 36^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue f. 36^v, at Permut(e Be it knawin that the first vocall a in Re is permutit.

1683 J. Gadbury in Wharton's Wks. Pref. 7 Reduction to the very lowest Ebb of Fortune cannot permute a truly well grounded and inbred Loyalty.

1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 206 Giving leave to a Lady, to permute a Vow she had made.

1846 Proc. Philos. Soc. 3 1 In certain cases a letter may have been permuted, that is, changed to some kindred letter.

1971 H. M. Richmond Shakespeare's Sexual Comedy iv. 140 Shakespeare permutes the sexual roles of Rosalind with a virtuosity exceeding that of a Petronius.

1989 H. Carruth Coll. Shorter Poems (1992) 329 The long parabola of neck and shoulder, flank and thigh I saw permute itself through unfolding and unlimited minuteness.

b. intransitive. To undergo a change, to be transformed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become

yworthOE

worthOE

goOE

becomec1175

come?a1200

waxc1220

charea1225

aworthc1275

makea1300

fallc1300

breedc1325

grow1340

strikea1375

yern1377

entera1382

turna1400

smitec1400

raxa1500

resolvea1500

to get into ——?1510

waxen1540

get1558

prove1560

proceed1578

befall1592

drop1654

evade1677

emerge1699

to turn out1740

to gain into1756

permute1864

slip1864

1864 C. Mackay Stud. from Antique 68 All changes. Earth and Sea Permute eternally.

1960 A. Cook Meaning Fiction xv. 294 The long final soirée shows the only reality left, that of the amorous relationships which have caused the aristocracy so to permute.

1996 Sun (Baltimore) (Nexis) Dec. 20 3 e The two bumble toward some kind of mutual respect, which may permute into real love at some unspecified point.

3. transitive. Logic. To submit to the process of obversion (permutation). Now rare.

ΚΠ

1856 [see permuting n. at Derivatives].

1869 T. Fowler Elem. Deductive Logic (ed. 3) 78 The O proposition, when permuted from ‘Some X is not Y’ into ‘Some X is not-Y’, may of course be converted into ‘Some not-Y is X’. This combination of permutation and conversion is..styled ‘Conversion by Contra-Position or Negation’.

1906 [see sense 4].

4. transitive. Chiefly Mathematics and Linguistics. To subject to permutation (permutation n. 3b); to alter the order or sequence of, to rearrange in a different order.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] > with correspondence between quantities > in specific way

substitute1645

revert1737

transpose1810

permute1878

adjoin1888

orthogonalize1920

orthonormalize1935

perm1959

Fourier-transform1970

1878 A. Cayley in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 498/1 When the columns are permuted in any manner, or when the lines are permuted in any manner, the determinant retains its original value.

1887 Longman's Mag. Oct. 587 He will hold to the letters and permute their order to suit his own convenience.

1906 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 28 357 S, T, and U generate an ikosahedral group..which permutes evenly the five points and five flats of the pentahedron.

1936 B. F. Skinner in Jrnl. Psychol. 2 71 The verbal summator is a device for repeating arbitrary samples of speech obtained by permuting and combining certain elemental speech-sounds.

1975 N. Chomsky Logical Struct. Ling. Theory x. 422 In actually formulating Φ₅^P as a grammatical transformation we must be careful to indicate that the element K..and the following verb are not permuted when K belongs to the preceding noun phrase.

1991 R. Dawkins Blind watchmaker (BNC) 177 A sexually reproducing species can be thought of as a device that permutes a discrete set of mutually accustomed genes in a different combination.

Derivatives

perˈmuting n.

ΚΠ

1856 W. D. Wilson Elem. Treat. Logic i. iii. 129 We may reduce Bokardo to Darii, by permuting, and converting, and transposition.

1906 H. W. B. Joseph Introd. Logic 215 The process of permuting and then converting is called Conversion by Negation.

2001 ACM Computer Surv. (Nexis) 2 210 For the batched problem of sorting and related problems such as permuting and fast Fourier transform, the key paradigms include distribution and merging.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	permute
释义	permutev. Brit. /pəˈmjuːt/, U.S. /pərˈmjut/ Forms: Middle English permote (past tense), Middle English– permute. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French permuter; Latin permūtāre. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Middle French permuter to barter, exchange (1342; 1337 as permuer : see permue v.; French permuter ) and its etymon classical Latin permūtāre to exchange, interchange, change, transform ( < per- per- prefix + mūtāre to change: see mutate v.). Compare Old Occitan permutar (1275 in sense ‘to barter’; Occitan permutar), Catalan permutar (1429), Spanish permutar (1318), Italian permutare (1282); also German permutieren (1480 as permutiren; now rare). 1. a. transitive. To exchange (goods, persons, money, etc.); to barter; to swap. Also intransitive. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > exchange > exchange, change for [verb (transitive)] changec1225 truck?c1225 interchangec1374 permutec1400 wrixlec1400 turnc1449 wissel1487 chaffer1530 niffer1540 bandy1589 to chaffer words1590 swap1590 barter1596 counterchange1598 commute1633 trade1636 countercambiate1656 ring1786 rebarter1845 trade1864 swop1890 permutate1898 interconvert1953 c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 110 (MED) Be ȝe nouȝt in dowel..in þat ȝe eten þe puddyng, Mortrewes, and other mete and we no mussel hade..I wolde permute [v.r. permitte] my penaunce with ȝowre, for I am in poynte to dowel! ?a1475 (?a1425) tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Harl. 2261) (1872) IV. 45 (MED) Marchus seide that hit was not profitable to the commune vtilite to permute [a1387 J. Trevisa tr. chaunge; L. permutare] so mony noble men for oon olde man. 1555 in R. Hakluyt Princ. Navigations (1589) ii. 295 To buy, sell, trucke, change and permute all and euery kind..of wares. 1622 G. de Malynes Consuetudo 91 A certaine equalitie in the value of things permuted. 1657 T. Reeve God's Plea for Nineveh 165 Merchandise..by permuting for Native commodities, it gaineth the varieties of all Countries. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Permuter, an exchanger; he who permutes. 1805 H. T. Colebrooke Gram. Sanskrit Lang. I. xxi. 229 The penult is permuted with the palatine. 1867 Times 11 Mar. 9/4 The young men of the reserve..may permute with those of the National Guard, or furnish as a substitute a man under 32 years of age. 1900 Amer. Anthropologist 2 529 As in other American languages, it is found that in Catawba certain sounds at times permute or interchange among themselves. 1942 tr. Parmenides in Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 63 9 Exchange the place and permute the shining color. 2002 Amer. Bar Assoc. Antitrust Law Jrnl. (Nexis) No. 1 If bidding is competitive, firms B and C simply exchange or permute bids, just as they have exchanged costs. †b. intransitive. Ecclesiastical Law. To exchange benefices or offices. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > benefice > [verb (intransitive)] > exchange benefices permutec1400 c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iii. 185 (MED) Ich myself, cyuyle, and symonye my felawe Wollen ryden vp-on rectours and riche men deuoutours, And notories and [read on] persons þat permuten ofte. 1540 Act 32 Hen. VIII c. 10 Euerye of the sayd benefyces..should be..vtterly voyde, as if the said offender had resygned and permuted. 1706 Phillips's New World of Words (new ed.) (at cited word) Permute, to exchange Church-Livings one for another. 2. a. transitive. To alter, change; to vary. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (transitive)] wharvec897 wendOE i-wendeOE awendOE aturn?c1225 biwrixle?c1225 changec1225 turnc1225 shifta1325 vary1340 inchangea1382 strange1390 altera1398 alterate?a1425 permute?a1425 difference1481 renewc1515 alienate1534 wrixlec1540 to chop and change1557 variate1566 palter1587 permutate1598 immute1613 unmake1616 unsame1632 chop1644 veer1647 variegatea1690 refract1700 mutabilatea1704 commute1825 stranger1863 switch1919 the world > time > change > change to something else, transformation > sudden or complete change > cause sudden or complete change [verb (transitive)] permute?a1425 permue?c1450 revolutionize1798 revolution1805 revolutionalize1868 ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac Grande Chirurgie (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 32^v (MED) Som be permuted [?c1425 Paris chaunged; L. permutata] in to malencolious hardenes. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xix. 72 O goddes celestial,..gyue socours to me,..and wul permute rigoure to equyte. c1570 Art of Music (BL Add. 4911) f. 36^v, in Dict. Older Sc. Tongue f. 36^v, at Permut(e Be it knawin that the first vocall a in Re is permutit. 1683 J. Gadbury in Wharton's Wks. Pref. 7 Reduction to the very lowest Ebb of Fortune cannot permute a truly well grounded and inbred Loyalty. 1686 W. Aglionby Painting Illustr. (new ed.) 206 Giving leave to a Lady, to permute a Vow she had made. 1846 Proc. Philos. Soc. 3 1 In certain cases a letter may have been permuted, that is, changed to some kindred letter. 1971 H. M. Richmond Shakespeare's Sexual Comedy iv. 140 Shakespeare permutes the sexual roles of Rosalind with a virtuosity exceeding that of a Petronius. 1989 H. Carruth Coll. Shorter Poems (1992) 329 The long parabola of neck and shoulder, flank and thigh I saw permute itself through unfolding and unlimited minuteness. b. intransitive. To undergo a change, to be transformed. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > change [verb (intransitive)] > pass into state, become yworthOE worthOE goOE becomec1175 come?a1200 waxc1220 charea1225 aworthc1275 makea1300 fallc1300 breedc1325 grow1340 strikea1375 yern1377 entera1382 turna1400 smitec1400 raxa1500 resolvea1500 to get into ——?1510 waxen1540 get1558 prove1560 proceed1578 befall1592 drop1654 evade1677 emerge1699 to turn out1740 to gain into1756 permute1864 slip1864 1864 C. Mackay Stud. from Antique 68 All changes. Earth and Sea Permute eternally. 1960 A. Cook Meaning Fiction xv. 294 The long final soirée shows the only reality left, that of the amorous relationships which have caused the aristocracy so to permute. 1996 Sun (Baltimore) (Nexis) Dec. 20 3 e The two bumble toward some kind of mutual respect, which may permute into real love at some unspecified point. 3. transitive. Logic. To submit to the process of obversion (permutation). Now rare. ΚΠ 1856 [see permuting n. at Derivatives]. 1869 T. Fowler Elem. Deductive Logic (ed. 3) 78 The O proposition, when permuted from ‘Some X is not Y’ into ‘Some X is not-Y’, may of course be converted into ‘Some not-Y is X’. This combination of permutation and conversion is..styled ‘Conversion by Contra-Position or Negation’. 1906 [see sense 4]. 4. transitive. Chiefly Mathematics and Linguistics. To subject to permutation (permutation n. 3b); to alter the order or sequence of, to rearrange in a different order. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > arithmetic or algebraic operations > transformation > transform [verb (transitive)] > with correspondence between quantities > in specific way substitute1645 revert1737 transpose1810 permute1878 adjoin1888 orthogonalize1920 orthonormalize1935 perm1959 Fourier-transform1970 1878 A. Cayley in Encycl. Brit. VIII. 498/1 When the columns are permuted in any manner, or when the lines are permuted in any manner, the determinant retains its original value. 1887 Longman's Mag. Oct. 587 He will hold to the letters and permute their order to suit his own convenience. 1906 Amer. Jrnl. Math. 28 357 S, T, and U generate an ikosahedral group..which permutes evenly the five points and five flats of the pentahedron. 1936 B. F. Skinner in Jrnl. Psychol. 2 71 The verbal summator is a device for repeating arbitrary samples of speech obtained by permuting and combining certain elemental speech-sounds. 1975 N. Chomsky Logical Struct. Ling. Theory x. 422 In actually formulating Φ₅^P as a grammatical transformation we must be careful to indicate that the element K..and the following verb are not permuted when K belongs to the preceding noun phrase. 1991 R. Dawkins Blind watchmaker (BNC) 177 A sexually reproducing species can be thought of as a device that permutes a discrete set of mutually accustomed genes in a different combination. Derivatives perˈmuting n. ΚΠ 1856 W. D. Wilson Elem. Treat. Logic i. iii. 129 We may reduce Bokardo to Darii, by permuting, and converting, and transposition. 1906 H. W. B. Joseph Introd. Logic 215 The process of permuting and then converting is called Conversion by Negation. 2001 ACM Computer Surv. (Nexis) 2 210 For the batched problem of sorting and related problems such as permuting and fast Fourier transform, the key paradigms include distribution and merging. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.c1400
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