persistencen.

Brit.

/pəˈsɪst(ə)ns/, U.S.

/pərˈsɪstəns/

Forms: 1500s persistaunce, 1500s persystence, 1600s– persistance (now nonstandard), 1800s– persistence.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French persistence, persistance.

Etymology: < Middle French persistence (a1475) persistance (1495; French persistance ) < persister persist v. + -ence -ence suffix; compare -ance suffix. Compare post-classical Latin persistentia (6th cent.), Italian persistenza (1342 as persistentia), Spanish persistencia (1668).

1. The action or fact of persisting in a particular state, opinion, purpose, or course of action, esp. despite opposition, setback, or failure; the quality or virtue of being persistent.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > [noun]

beleaving1340

continuationc1374

improbityc1380

perseveringc1380

perseverancec1384

continuancec1405

perseverationa1500

patience1517

constancea1533

importunity1533

persistence1546

persisting1576

going-on1578

persistency1600

constancy1623

stickle1652

rubbing shift1675

doggedness1824

stick-to-itiveness1859

persistiveness1864

holdfastness1869

continuativeness1881

stick-to-itness1881

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun]

obstination?1387

pertinacyc1390

obstinacya1393

thronessa1400

stubbornnessc1440

obstinance?a1475

durenessc1480

pertinacity?1504

stomacha1513

stiffness1526

tenacity1526

persistence1546

obstacleness1548

obstinateness1561

stiffneckedness1570

self-mindedness1574

intractability1579

persistency1600

obstinancy1614

contumacy1619

stomachfulness1621

tenaciousness1642

pertinaciousness1651

irresignation1657

peremptoriness1747

mulishness1763

strongheadedness1793

dourness1794

unmovableness1818

stoutheartedness1826

bullet-headednessa1849

stalwartism1879

camelishness1883

thick and thin1884

stupidity1886

jusqu'auboutisme1917

die-hardism1922

obstinative-

1546 J. Bale First Examinacyon A. Askewe 1 A faste membre of Christ by her myghtye persystence in hys veryte.

1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. F Such small persistaunce in thy consailes I would haue thee auoyde.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 387 After so long & obstinate persistance in your wickednesse.

1657 T. Wall Comment on Times 42 To mis-apprehend, denotes a man. 'Tis head-strong persistance that degrades him into a Beast.

1720 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. Observ. 1365 The occasion..of the comparison being the resolute persistance of Menelaus about the dead body.

1786 E. Burke Articles of Charge against W. Hastings ix. 130 Such further evils, as must have been consequent on a persistance therein.

1845 M. Fuller Woman in 19th Cent. 31 Persistence and courage are the most womanly no less than the most manly qualities.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §2. 472 The refusal of supplies was met by persistence in the levy of Customs.

1949 A. Koestler Promise & Fulfilm. ii. iv. 253 This difference..was demonstrated by Irgun's voluntary self-liquidation..as opposed to the Stern Group's persistence in terrorism.

1988 Which? June 296/1 Persistence paid off, and the claim was settled.

2001 Slavic Rev. 394 Four of the chapters focus on women as political actors in central and eastern Europe, drawing attention to their persistence in the face of formidable political, cultural, and resource constraints.

a. Continued or prolonged existence or occurrence; duration; continuance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time

lenghc888

longnessOE

enduringc1374

length1388

continuing1398

long lasting?c1400

perdurability?a1425

perseverance?a1425

permanence1440

perdurablenessc1450

perdurationc1450

continuation1469

diuturnity?a1475

prolixityc1500

endurancea1513

sustention1515

continuance1552

long standinga1568

longitude1596

long-lastingness1598

sempiternity1599

consistence1606

persistence1621

long-livedness1652

abidingness1654

productedness1664

imperdibility1713

longiturnity1727

endurableness1795

lengthiness1829

endurability1837

perenniality1841

longevity1842

protractedness1855

enduringnessa1867

1621 R. Speght Mortalities Memorandum 36 Man is in sacred Writ compar'd to grasse,..Of short persistance, like an Aprill showre.

1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 558 The fœtus is characterized by the magnitude and persistence of the vitelline or umbilical vesicle.

1849 R. I. Murchison Siluria v. 103 A geological band of great persistence.

1880 19th Cent. Apr. 599 The persistence of a..number of cretaceous types..through the whole of the Tertiary period.

1938 Nature 29 Oct. 804/1 Daily tephigrams based on aeroplane soundings constitute the most valuable items in forecasting..clearing or persistence of cloud.

1988 E. Young-Bruehl Anne Freud v. 205 How can anti-Semitism's strange persistence through the centuries be explained?

2002 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 96 265 Writers..tend to be skeptical about democratic peace and democratic governance, as both seem to take for granted the persistence of a static world order.

b. Physiology. The continuance of a sensation after the stimulus which caused it is removed. persistence of vision n. the brief retention of a visual impression on the retina after the stimulus which caused it ceases, used to create the illusion of a moving image in film and television.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > (retained) visual image > persistence of

persistence1853

persistence of vision1853

1853 W. T. Brande & J. Cauvin Dict. Sci., Lit., & Art (ed. 3) 1235/2 Thaumatrope... The name given by Dr. Paris to an optical toy, the principle of which depends on the persistence of vision.

1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light 27 An electric spark is sensibly instantaneous; but the impression it makes upon the eye remains for some time after the spark has passed away... Wheatstone's Photometer is based on this persistence.

1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 95/1 Cinematograph... This apparatus shows in rapid sequence a series of views representing closely successive phases of a moving object, and persistence of vision creates the illusion that the object is in motion.

1944 R. W. Moncrieff Chem. Senses iii. 56 Although it has not been measured the persistence of odour must be short like that of taste.

1990 D. Millar Special Effects (BNC) 12 An illusion of movement is created because of a retinal property known as ‘persistence of vision’.

c. Physics. = conservation n. 3. Now historical. persistence of energy n. (also persistence of force) (the principle of) conservation of energy. persistence of matter n. (the principle of) conservation of mass.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > conservation of

conservation of energy1853

persistence of energy1858

energy conservation1878

the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > principle of conservation of

conservation of force1754

persistence of energy1858

1858 A. Winchill Creation 29 These motions, in accordance with the law of ‘continuity of motion’ or ‘persistence of force’, may be propagated indefinitely.

1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. viii. 251 (note) I expressed to..Prof. Huxley my dissatisfaction with the current expression—‘Conservation of force’... Huxley suggested persistence.

1883 A. Barratt Physical Metempiric 81 The persistence of matter and energy, and the law..that events happen equally well in all parts of space where their conditions occur, prove that time and space have no real existence, but are only forms of arrangement of phenomena.

1949 W. Dampier Hist. Sci. p. xvii Lavoisier extended the proof of the persistence of matter to cover chemical transformations.

d. The emission of light by a luminescent substance or body after the external source of energy is removed; the duration of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > luminescence > duration of

persistence1862

1862 New Amer. Cycl. (new ed.) XIII. 281/2 In other solid bodies, the persistence of light-giving after cessation of light-receiving is..so brief as to have been unsuspected until tested by very ingenious experiment.

1917 Physical Rev. 9 297 It appears that the persistence of luminescence is due to the consistency of the substance and disappears as the fluidity increases.

1950 H. W. Leverenz Introd. Luminescence of Solids v. 150 For (conventional) luminescence emissions, all persistences longer than about 10⁻⁸ sec are called phosphorescence to indicate an abnormal delay.

1991 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 331 246/1 Images..are..displayed on a high-resolution colour monitor (Mitsubishi UC-6912, short persistence phosphor).

Compounds

persistence characteristic n. a graph showing the decay of the brightness of a luminescent substance with time after the external source of energy is removed.

ΚΠ

1935 Proc. IRE 23 1341 The persistence characteristic is taken by the use of some form of stroboscopic apparatus by means of which one is able to measure the relative brilliance of the screen at definite times after excitation.

1994 Chem. Business (Nexis) Apr. 17 Registration information includes color, spectral energy distribution, persistence characteristic, and general composition.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	persistence
释义	persistencen. Brit. /pəˈsɪst(ə)ns/, U.S. /pərˈsɪstəns/ Forms: 1500s persistaunce, 1500s persystence, 1600s– persistance (now nonstandard), 1800s– persistence. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French persistence, persistance. Etymology: < Middle French persistence (a1475) persistance (1495; French persistance ) < persister persist v. + -ence -ence suffix; compare -ance suffix. Compare post-classical Latin persistentia (6th cent.), Italian persistenza (1342 as persistentia), Spanish persistencia (1668). 1. The action or fact of persisting in a particular state, opinion, purpose, or course of action, esp. despite opposition, setback, or failure; the quality or virtue of being persistent. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > perseverance or persistence > [noun] beleaving1340 continuationc1374 improbityc1380 perseveringc1380 perseverancec1384 continuancec1405 perseverationa1500 patience1517 constancea1533 importunity1533 persistence1546 persisting1576 going-on1578 persistency1600 constancy1623 stickle1652 rubbing shift1675 doggedness1824 stick-to-itiveness1859 persistiveness1864 holdfastness1869 continuativeness1881 stick-to-itness1881 the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [noun] obstination?1387 pertinacyc1390 obstinacya1393 thronessa1400 stubbornnessc1440 obstinance?a1475 durenessc1480 pertinacity?1504 stomacha1513 stiffness1526 tenacity1526 persistence1546 obstacleness1548 obstinateness1561 stiffneckedness1570 self-mindedness1574 intractability1579 persistency1600 obstinancy1614 contumacy1619 stomachfulness1621 tenaciousness1642 pertinaciousness1651 irresignation1657 peremptoriness1747 mulishness1763 strongheadedness1793 dourness1794 unmovableness1818 stoutheartedness1826 bullet-headednessa1849 stalwartism1879 camelishness1883 thick and thin1884 stupidity1886 jusqu'auboutisme1917 die-hardism1922 obstinative- 1546 J. Bale First Examinacyon A. Askewe 1 A faste membre of Christ by her myghtye persystence in hys veryte. 1583 B. Melbancke Philotimus (new ed.) sig. F Such small persistaunce in thy consailes I would haue thee auoyde. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts i. 387 After so long & obstinate persistance in your wickednesse. 1657 T. Wall Comment on Times 42 To mis-apprehend, denotes a man. 'Tis head-strong persistance that degrades him into a Beast. 1720 A. Pope in tr. Homer Iliad V. xvii. Observ. 1365 The occasion..of the comparison being the resolute persistance of Menelaus about the dead body. 1786 E. Burke Articles of Charge against W. Hastings ix. 130 Such further evils, as must have been consequent on a persistance therein. 1845 M. Fuller Woman in 19th Cent. 31 Persistence and courage are the most womanly no less than the most manly qualities. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. §2. 472 The refusal of supplies was met by persistence in the levy of Customs. 1949 A. Koestler Promise & Fulfilm. ii. iv. 253 This difference..was demonstrated by Irgun's voluntary self-liquidation..as opposed to the Stern Group's persistence in terrorism. 1988 Which? June 296/1 Persistence paid off, and the claim was settled. 2001 Slavic Rev. 394 Four of the chapters focus on women as political actors in central and eastern Europe, drawing attention to their persistence in the face of formidable political, cultural, and resource constraints. 2. a. Continued or prolonged existence or occurrence; duration; continuance. ΘΚΠ the world > time > duration > [noun] > long duration or lasting through time lenghc888 longnessOE enduringc1374 length1388 continuing1398 long lasting?c1400 perdurability?a1425 perseverance?a1425 permanence1440 perdurablenessc1450 perdurationc1450 continuation1469 diuturnity?a1475 prolixityc1500 endurancea1513 sustention1515 continuance1552 long standinga1568 longitude1596 long-lastingness1598 sempiternity1599 consistence1606 persistence1621 long-livedness1652 abidingness1654 productedness1664 imperdibility1713 longiturnity1727 endurableness1795 lengthiness1829 endurability1837 perenniality1841 longevity1842 protractedness1855 enduringnessa1867 1621 R. Speght Mortalities Memorandum 36 Man is in sacred Writ compar'd to grasse,..Of short persistance, like an Aprill showre. 1834 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 124 558 The fœtus is characterized by the magnitude and persistence of the vitelline or umbilical vesicle. 1849 R. I. Murchison Siluria v. 103 A geological band of great persistence. 1880 19th Cent. Apr. 599 The persistence of a..number of cretaceous types..through the whole of the Tertiary period. 1938 Nature 29 Oct. 804/1 Daily tephigrams based on aeroplane soundings constitute the most valuable items in forecasting..clearing or persistence of cloud. 1988 E. Young-Bruehl Anne Freud v. 205 How can anti-Semitism's strange persistence through the centuries be explained? 2002 Amer. Jrnl. Internat. Law 96 265 Writers..tend to be skeptical about democratic peace and democratic governance, as both seem to take for granted the persistence of a static world order. b. Physiology. The continuance of a sensation after the stimulus which caused it is removed. persistence of vision n. the brief retention of a visual impression on the retina after the stimulus which caused it ceases, used to create the illusion of a moving image in film and television. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > sight and vision > thing seen > [noun] > (retained) visual image > persistence of persistence1853 persistence of vision1853 1853 W. T. Brande & J. Cauvin Dict. Sci., Lit., & Art (ed. 3) 1235/2 Thaumatrope... The name given by Dr. Paris to an optical toy, the principle of which depends on the persistence of vision. 1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light 27 An electric spark is sensibly instantaneous; but the impression it makes upon the eye remains for some time after the spark has passed away... Wheatstone's Photometer is based on this persistence. 1902 Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 95/1 Cinematograph... This apparatus shows in rapid sequence a series of views representing closely successive phases of a moving object, and persistence of vision creates the illusion that the object is in motion. 1944 R. W. Moncrieff Chem. Senses iii. 56 Although it has not been measured the persistence of odour must be short like that of taste. 1990 D. Millar Special Effects (BNC) 12 An illusion of movement is created because of a retinal property known as ‘persistence of vision’. c. Physics. = conservation n. 3. Now historical. persistence of energy n. (also persistence of force) (the principle of) conservation of energy. persistence of matter n. (the principle of) conservation of mass. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > physics > energy or power of doing work > [noun] > conservation of conservation of energy1853 persistence of energy1858 energy conservation1878 the world > matter > physics > mechanics > force > [noun] > principle of conservation of conservation of force1754 persistence of energy1858 1858 A. Winchill Creation 29 These motions, in accordance with the law of ‘continuity of motion’ or ‘persistence of force’, may be propagated indefinitely. 1862 H. Spencer First Princ. ii. viii. 251 (note) I expressed to..Prof. Huxley my dissatisfaction with the current expression—‘Conservation of force’... Huxley suggested persistence. 1883 A. Barratt Physical Metempiric 81 The persistence of matter and energy, and the law..that events happen equally well in all parts of space where their conditions occur, prove that time and space have no real existence, but are only forms of arrangement of phenomena. 1949 W. Dampier Hist. Sci. p. xvii Lavoisier extended the proof of the persistence of matter to cover chemical transformations. d. The emission of light by a luminescent substance or body after the external source of energy is removed; the duration of this. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > light > light emitted under particular conditions > [noun] > luminescence > duration of persistence1862 1862 New Amer. Cycl. (new ed.) XIII. 281/2 In other solid bodies, the persistence of light-giving after cessation of light-receiving is..so brief as to have been unsuspected until tested by very ingenious experiment. 1917 Physical Rev. 9 297 It appears that the persistence of luminescence is due to the consistency of the substance and disappears as the fluidity increases. 1950 H. W. Leverenz Introd. Luminescence of Solids v. 150 For (conventional) luminescence emissions, all persistences longer than about 10⁻⁸ sec are called phosphorescence to indicate an abnormal delay. 1991 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 331 246/1 Images..are..displayed on a high-resolution colour monitor (Mitsubishi UC-6912, short persistence phosphor). Compounds persistence characteristic n. a graph showing the decay of the brightness of a luminescent substance with time after the external source of energy is removed. ΚΠ 1935 Proc. IRE 23 1341 The persistence characteristic is taken by the use of some form of stroboscopic apparatus by means of which one is able to measure the relative brilliance of the screen at definite times after excitation. 1994 Chem. Business (Nexis) Apr. 17 Registration information includes color, spectral energy distribution, persistence characteristic, and general composition. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2005; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1546
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