picryln.
/ˈpɪkrʌɪl/, /ˈpɪkrᵻl/, U.S. /ˈpɪkrəl/ Chemistry.† 1. A colourless crystalline compound obtained by distilling the product of the reaction of ammonium sulphate with oil of bitter almonds. Obsolete.
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1847 W. Gregory Outl. Chem. (rev. ed. 2) ii. 546 Picrine, Syn. Picryle, C42H15NO4, is formed when the mass produced by acting on oil of bitter almonds by sulphuret of ammonium is distilled.
1858 H. Watts tr. L. Gmelin Hand-bk. Chem. XII. 188 Picril dissolves very readily in ether.
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 644 Picryl or Cripin, a substance formed, together with others, by submitting to dry distillation the crude product of the action of sulphydrate of ammonium on bitter-almond oil.
2. The radical —C6H2(NO2)3 that is derived from picric acid by the loss of the hydroxyl group; 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl. Usually attributive.
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picryl1866
1866 H. Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 644 Picryl is also used as synonymous with trinitrophenyl, C6H2(NO2)3, the radicle of picric acid.
1877 Jrnl. Chem. Soc. 32 758 It is..very possible that in one of the resulting compounds the two picryl groups may be identical.
1937 F. C. Whitmore Org. Chem. 737 Picryl iodide is a stable yellow crystalline product obtainable from the chloride and KI.
1964 J. W. Linnett Electronic Struct. Molecules vii. 107 The reason why the diphenyl picryl compound is more stable than the triphenyl compound is presumably that the picryl group relieves the adjacent nitrogen atom of some of the negative charge.
2002 Liver 22 8 Liver injury was induced in mice by delayed-type hypersensitivity to picryl chloride.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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