phragman.

Brit.

/ˈfraɡmə/, U.S.

/ˈfræɡmə/

Inflections: Plural phragmas, phragmata.

Forms:

α. 1800s– phragma.

β. 1800s phragm.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phragma.

Etymology: < scientific Latin phragma (see quot. 1826¹ at sense 1) < ancient Greek ϕραγματ- , ϕράγμα fence, screen < the stem of ϕράσσειν (Attic ϕράττειν ) to fence in, of unknown origin + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare French phragme (1869 in Littré).

1. Entomology. A transverse partition between segments of the thorax or between the metathorax and abdomen, occurring in some insects.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > thorax > part separating prothorax from mesothorax

phragma1826

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiii. 368 Phragma, (the Phragm). The Septum that closes the posterior orifice of the Prothorax in Gryllotalpa.

1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxv. 582 The phragm, or septum of the prothorax is most conspicuous in the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa), in which it is a hairy ligament attached to the inside of the upper and lateral margins of the base of that part: inclining inwards, it forms the cavity which receives the mesothorax.

1909 Science 20 Aug. 244/1 The great dorsal muscle of flight for which the phragma was developed is probably only a dorsal intersegmental muscle.

1955 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 238 27 The development of phragmas enabled the longitudinal tergal muscles to function as weak indirect wing depressors.

1969 R. F. Chapman Insects viii. 134 They are strongly developed..running from phragma to phragma so that their contraction distorts the segments.

1995 Nature 9 Nov. 137/2 The mesonotal and metanotal phragmata are not fused, so that the latter appears detached.

2. Botany. A partition between parts of a plant; esp. a horizontal false dissepiment (one not formed by the sides of carpels in a fruit). Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > ovary > dissepiment or partition

interclosea1398

dissepiment1727

phragma1830

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 136 Tribulus has the fruit separating into spiny nuts, with transverse phragmata.

1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §447 Occasionally, divisions take place in ovaries which are not formed by the edges of contiguous carpels. These are called spurious dissepiments. They are often horizontal, and are then called phragmata.

1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Phragma, a spurious dissepiment in fruits, i.e. one which is not formed by the sides of carpels; a partition, of whatever kind.

1883 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 174 463 It differs alike from the recent Equisetums and the fossil Calamites in the entire absence of nodal joints and medullary phragmata.

1929 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 217 108 Phragma of Calamites.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	phragma
释义	phragman. Brit. /ˈfraɡmə/, U.S. /ˈfræɡmə/ Inflections: Plural phragmas, phragmata. Forms: α. 1800s– phragma. β. 1800s phragm. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin phragma. Etymology: < scientific Latin phragma (see quot. 1826¹ at sense 1) < ancient Greek ϕραγματ- , ϕράγμα fence, screen < the stem of ϕράσσειν (Attic ϕράττειν ) to fence in, of unknown origin + -μα (see -oma comb. form). Compare French phragme (1869 in Littré). 1. Entomology. A transverse partition between segments of the thorax or between the metathorax and abdomen, occurring in some insects. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > parts of insects > [noun] > thorax > part separating prothorax from mesothorax phragma1826 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxiii. 368 Phragma, (the Phragm). The Septum that closes the posterior orifice of the Prothorax in Gryllotalpa. 1826 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. III. xxxv. 582 The phragm, or septum of the prothorax is most conspicuous in the mole-cricket (Gryllotalpa), in which it is a hairy ligament attached to the inside of the upper and lateral margins of the base of that part: inclining inwards, it forms the cavity which receives the mesothorax. 1909 Science 20 Aug. 244/1 The great dorsal muscle of flight for which the phragma was developed is probably only a dorsal intersegmental muscle. 1955 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 238 27 The development of phragmas enabled the longitudinal tergal muscles to function as weak indirect wing depressors. 1969 R. F. Chapman Insects viii. 134 They are strongly developed..running from phragma to phragma so that their contraction distorts the segments. 1995 Nature 9 Nov. 137/2 The mesonotal and metanotal phragmata are not fused, so that the latter appears detached. 2. Botany. A partition between parts of a plant; esp. a horizontal false dissepiment (one not formed by the sides of carpels in a fruit). Now rare. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > ovary > dissepiment or partition interclosea1398 dissepiment1727 phragma1830 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 136 Tribulus has the fruit separating into spiny nuts, with transverse phragmata. 1849 J. H. Balfour Man. Bot. §447 Occasionally, divisions take place in ovaries which are not formed by the edges of contiguous carpels. These are called spurious dissepiments. They are often horizontal, and are then called phragmata. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. Phragma, a spurious dissepiment in fruits, i.e. one which is not formed by the sides of carpels; a partition, of whatever kind. 1883 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 174 463 It differs alike from the recent Equisetums and the fossil Calamites in the entire absence of nodal joints and medullary phragmata. 1929 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) B. 217 108 Phragma of Calamites. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1826
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