| 释义 |
phrasen. Origin: Perhaps of multiple origins. A borrowing from Latin. Perhaps also partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin phrasis; French phrase. Etymology: < classical Latin phrasis diction, style, expression < ancient Greek ϕράσις speech, way of speaking, in Hellenistic Greek also style, diction, also (in scholia (medieval Greek or earlier) on Aristophanes Clouds 488) idiom, phrase < ϕράζειν to point out, indicate, declare, tell (perhaps < the same Indo-European base as ϕρήν mind: see phren n.) + -σις -sis suffix; in some senses perhaps via Middle French, French phrase manner or style of expression (1546; also 1610 or earlier as †frase , a1614 as †fraze ; 1728 or earlier in tour de phrase (compare turn of phrase at sense 1)), hackneyed (originally chiefly high-flown) expression (1671 or earlier), (in music) short sequence of notes (1722), small group or collocation of words (1732), 1859 in fencing in phrase d'armes (compare sense 6). Compare Catalan frase (1596), Spanish †phrasis (1492 or earlier, also 1532 as †frasis), frase (1524 or earlier, also second quarter of the 16th cent. or earlier as †phrase), Portuguese †phrases, †phrasis (c1543), †frasis (1573), frase (17th cent.), Italian frase (a1556), German †phrasis (second half of the 16th cent.), Phrase (early 17th cent.; now chiefly in pejorative sense ‘hackneyed expression’ (mid 18th cent., after French)), Swedish fras (1539 as †phrase).Scots forms in fr- occur chiefly in sense 4. society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > [noun] > style of an author, period, or work α. 1530 J. Palsgrave Introd. 39 Of the differences of phrasys betwene our tong and the frenche tong... The phrasys of our tong and theyrs differeth chefely in thre thynges. 2. the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] α. 1530 J. Palsgrave 814/2 Whan all is doone and sayd, pour tout potaige, a phrasis. the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] 1552 R. Huloet Odiferous, loke in odoriferous, for the laste is the better phrase. 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 71 Accommodated, it comes of accommodo, very good, a good phrase . View more context for this quotation 1699 tr. L. E. Dupin I. i. ii. 3 St. Jerom is one of the first who absolutely us'd the Phrase of Canon to denote the Catalogue of the Sacred Books. 1753 Suppl. Chipping, a phrase used by the potters and China-men to express that common accident..the flying off of small pieces, or breaking at the edges. 1791 J. Long 87 This idea of destiny, or, if I may be allowed the phrase, ‘totamism’,..is not confined to the Savages. 1849 H. Melville lviii. 364 Craven is the phrase too often applied to any one who..has been appalled at the prospect of sudden death. 1870 F. Jacox II. xii. 241 [His] description..is curious, and (to coin a phrase) quoteworthy. 1916 E. V. Lucas 141 He was, as the slang phrase has it, ‘oiled’. 2002 20 Apr. (Saturday section) 3/5 The viewing public is so taken by this type of ad that we have come to use the phrase ‘metatextual’. the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > syntactic unit or constituent > [noun] > phrase 1778 G. Baretti (ed. 2) I. at Hospite insalutato An adverbial phrase; without taking leave, with a French leave. 1852 J. D. Morell §17 The predicate may be extended in various ways:—1. By an adverb, or an adverbial phrase. 1865 N. Dalgleish 15 A phrase is a combination of words without a predicate; a clause is a term of a sentence containing a predicate within itself, as Phrase, spring returning; Clause, when spring returns. 1904 C. T. Onions 13 Adverb-equivalents: (1) A Phrase formed with a Preposition—He hunts in the woods... (4) A Clause—When you come, I will tell you. 1971 N. Chomsky (1972) i. 29 The sequence ‘the dog in the corner’ is a phrase, furthermore a noun phrase. 1995 16 120 At least since the arrival of functional and communicative approaches in EFL teaching, the ‘phrase’, in the broadest sense, has formed the focal unit of presentation and practice. 1908 G. Jekyll 15 While the wide-stretching shadow-lengths throw the woodland shades into woodland phrases of broadened mass. the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] > catch-phrase or stock phrase c1550 (1979) Prol. 13 Gyf sic vordis suld be disusit..than the phrasis of the antiquite vald be confundit ande adnullit. 1579 W. Wilkinson f. 1v These be their sweete and amiable wordes, and lovely phrases. 1598 W. Shakespeare i. i. 163 A man in all the worldes new fashion planted, That hath a mint of phrases in his braine. View more context for this quotation 1613 S. Purchas i. xi. 59 The liquid pitch floateth on the top of the water, like clouted creame, to vse his owne phrase. 1641 J. Jackson i. 19 Thus man degrades himselfe, and (according to the phrase, Apoc. 19. 20) receives..the mark of the beast. 1738 J. Swift p. xiii There is not one single witty Phrase..which hath not received the Stamp and Approbation of at least one hundred Years. 1780 W. Cowper 16 Mar. (1979) I. 323 To use the Phrase of all who ever wrote upon the State of Europe, the Political Horizon is dark indeed. 1816 W. Scott Black Dwarf ii, in 1st Ser. I. 44 Greyhounds..who were wont, in his own phrase, to fear neither dog nor devil. 1841 I. D'Israeli III. 125 The phrase was tossed about till it bore no certain meaning. 1899 20 July 6/4 Humanity is the slave of phrase, and the phrase, ‘Integrity of the Turkish Empire’, is as much a matter of course to the English as ‘Britannia rules the waves’. 1939 R. P. Warren i. 25 He said that he was unprepared to speak, for he had not been warned, hating himself for the worn and sterile phrases that formed on his tongue. 1991 N. de Lange tr. A. Oz (1992) ix. 45 If ever a stranger tried to get into conversation with her, she would shrug her shoulders and utter some acerbic phrase that restored her solitude. the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > speak of or mention > express one's feelings little or much about 1637 R. Baillie (1841) I. 43 Some of the lords..made a phrase to sett down the session in the Palace of Linlithgow. 1725 A. Ramsay i. ii. 11 He may indeed for Ten or Fifeteen Days Mak meikle o'ye, with an unko Fraise. 1768 A. Ross iii. 105 Gin that's the gate, we need na mak gryte fraze. 1816 W. Scott III. v. 95 An honest lad that likeit you weel, though he made little phrase about it. 1852 A. Robb 25 Why then sick bustle, fraise, an' fyke? 1871 W. Alexander xxxviii Mrs Birse begood wi' a fraise aboot foo I hed been keepin', an' this an' that. 1901 ‘G. Douglas’ 175 He made a great phrase with me. 1924 A. Gray 44 I wat you mak an unco phraise O bakin' bread and mendin' claes. 1925 R. L. Cassie 41 The blackie clocks, the craws an' kaes Set up an awfu' flyte an' fraise. 5. society > leisure > the arts > music > piece of music > section of piece of music > [noun] > phrase 1770 J. Holden i. viii. 64/1 Cadences in music..serve..to distinguish the ending of every smaller portion, or phrase, as well as of the whole piece. 1789 C. Burney IV. 27 More forms or phrases of musical recitation still in use, may be found in Peri and Caccini, than in Monteverde. 1862 II. xxix. §5383 The teacher Sol-fas a short musical phrase while he points to the notes on the Modulator. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe I. Notes 275 The overture of Mozart's ‘Don Giovanni,’ in which a certain musical phrase occurs which is not repeated until the finale. 1916 E. H. Porter xiii. 169 He dashed into the next phrase and..played quite through the rippling cadenza that completed the movement. 1989 Apr. 20 Choose a phrase that you are familiar with and split it by playing it on different elements of the drum kit in a flowing rhythmical melodic manner. 2000 D. Mason in J. Potter xvii. 218 As singers begin a phrase, they will find it necessary to contract the lower abdomen in order not to let the chest collapse. society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [noun] > movement > linking of movements 1922 C. W. Beaumont & S. Idzikowski 28 Choreographically considered, arabesques are generally introduced to conclude a phrase of steps. 1991 Apr. 33/2 It's exciting to make people see how marvellous a dance phrase can be with a still picture. 2002 19 Dec. 35/1 Groups of dancers surge forward, swallowing up space in long dense phrases of dance until they suddenly stop, suspend in mid-step, or exit. 1890 (at cited word) Phrase,..a short passage at arms between fencers during which there is no pause, each fencer thrusting and parrying in turn. 1902 13 Mar. 6/4 Neither professor appeared at his best, and there were too many ‘phrases’ terminating in corps à corps. 1988 E. D. Morton (at cited word) The long, elaborate phrases at foil, premeditated, executed with technique and style and aiming at a successfully contrived climax, are now largely a thing of the past. 2002 R. Cohen i. i. 17 The use of heavy armor and heavy weapons allowed only simple movements, forcing contestants to concentrate on one blow at a time, so that complicated phrases were impossible. Compounds C1. General attributive and objective. 1901 17 May 3/2 Professional phrase-coiners. 1998 (Nexis) 19 Dec. r14 Lette..is a phrasecoiner and punster without parallel. 1902 J. B. Greenough & G. L. Kittredge 70 Phrase-composition..is alike active in slang and in law-abiding speech. 1989 62 437 Approximately half individualizing nouns and the rest analytic phrase compositions. 1902 J. B. Greenough & G. L. Kittredge 188 Native phrase-compounds are beside,..betimes,..undershot, overlord [etc.]. 1907 ‘M. Twain’ ii. vii. 163 These great officials are of the phrase-family of the Church-Without-a-Creed..that is to say, of the family of Large-Names-Which-Mean-Nothing. 1886 Mar. 806 Those women would be apt..to infuse in the language an important quantity of words, idioms, and phrase-forms. 1989 (Nexis) 25 Aug. 16 The rhythmic curiosities arising from the crossing of plain German speech with Latin-influenced vocal lines and with new four-bar-ish phrase-forms. 1926 L. Bloomfield in 2 156 The possessive [z] in the man I saw yesterday's daughter... Such a bound form is a phrase-formative. 1711 J. Greenwood iii. ii. 217 We may take Notice of a very great Fault some Persons are too guilty of, who are for writing of Phrases, before they are acquainted with common Expressions; It must be Phrase Latin or Phrase English, i.e. Bombast Latin or English. 1723 S. Morland 5 There have..been some Phrase Books put out into the World, and esteemed as a Supplement to Dictionarys..'Twas my Father's Opinion, that to these we owe the Introduction of a thing call'd Phrase-Latin. 1931 G. Stern 2 Phrase-meanings and word-meanings. 1991 G. W. Smith ix. 306 Computational interpretation combines schemata for words into more complex schemata representing phrase meanings and sentence meanings. 1891 F. G. Lee 16 The phrase-repeaters of a local nationalism in religion. 1999 (Nexis) 25 Apr. 11 I'm sure you can think of other uses an automatic schedulable phrase repeater can be put to—can't you? 1900 8 May 1/3 ‘Right’ and ‘left’, not ‘starboard’ and ‘port’..are the phrase-types of such merely dislocated landsmen as we all feel ourselves to be. 1917 L. R. Bloomfield Tagalog Texts in (1919) 40 90 Independent of this classification..are certain less important groupings of words and certain phrase types, some of which will appear in the course of the analysis. 1965 41 73 The nested structures are phrase types which are in clear structural contrast in the language. C2. 1934 10 358 Before the vowel of other light syllables and of phrase-final heavy syllables. 1946 E. A. Nida ii. 34 Another sort of assimilation may be analyzed as an effect of the phrase-final silence upon the final consonant. 1997 72 168 Many Traditional Spanish speakers in the northern part of the survey region variably produce an epenthetic /e/ following phrase-final stressed vowel plus alveolar consonant. 1935 11 32 When preceding certain vowels, or when preconsonantic in phrase initial, ʔ in syl[labic] initial is replaced by t after personal pronoun prefixes. 1949 25 274 The stress on a phrase-initial or phrase-medial word is usually less intense than that on a phrase-final word. 1986 19 Old French weak possessives are never preceded by a determiner; they are always phrase-initial. 1957 33 359 Before phrase-internal open juncture both stop and nasalization occur. 1993 38 50 Phrase-internal deletion is governed by the number of consonants preceding the deletable /œ/, whether the /œ/ is word-internal or not. the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] > use of fine-sounding phrases > one who society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > phrasemongery > phrase-monger society > leisure > the arts > music > composing music > composer > [noun] > composer by type of music 1683 T. Hunt 10 This Frace-maker and Scaramuchi to the vain youth of the nation, is ever enterchanging the characters of men. 1820 T. Mitchell tr. Aristophanes Knights in tr. Aristophanes I. 291 This phrase-maker Hath ta'en thy very senses. 1901 23 Mar. 247 All the characters are phrase-makers and epigrammatists. 1924 P. C. Buck 39 There will come a time when the phrase-maker desires to extend his tune beyond the limits of one breath. 2004 18 Mar. 23/6 His [sc. William Wade's] writings were characterised by..the demonstration of his abilities as a phrase-maker, as when he described Section 2 of the Official Secret Act as ‘a blot on the statute book’. the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > [noun] > use of fine-sounding phrases ?1715 W. Tisdall 6 By this magical art of Phrase-making, the conclusions are all turn'd into Postulata and First Principles. 1850 29 July 144/2 In no department can phrasemaking prosper where positive ideas have once been attained. 1987 37 140 What saves the passage from mere phrasemaking.., is the poet's attempt to define. 1906 at Phrase sb. Phrase-mark. 1919 20 Sept. 8/2 The use of phrase marks and other expressive suggestions which serve to bring out the musical effect obtainable from the modern piano. 1999 (Nexis) 1 Mar. 86 The flowing cantilena, nuanced with such niceties as staccato notes under a legato phrase mark, that Verdi laid out for Germont senior in the upper baritone register. the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > syntax or word order > [noun] > study or science of > diagram representing structure 1945 19 50 Substantive prefixes or phrase-markers..are phrasally bound in that they are used only prefixed to a substantive or to the first word of a phrase functioning as a substantive. 1963 N. Chomsky & Miller in R. D. Luce et al. II. 288 We assume that such a tree graph must be a part of the structural description of any sentence; we refer to it as a phrase-marker (P-marker). 1973 52 Irrelevant structural details will hereafter be omitted from our phrase markers. 1995 89 584/1 In linguistic terms, the components operate as phrasemarkers. society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > phrasemongery > phrase-monger 1611 R. Cotgrave Pinsegreneur d'Amadis, a Phrasemonger..affecting speaker. 1790 3 311 How many times must every man have heard the title of Orator given to some wretched phrase-monger, whose skill consisted only in the frequent use of a gaudy word. 1877 J. Morley 2nd Ser. 122 If Robespierre had been a statesman instead of a phrase-monger, he had a clear course. 2003 (Nexis) 29 May 30 The IT industry has suffered horribly at the hands of pretentious phrasemongers. society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > phrasemongery 1879 F. Harrison (1886) iii. 73 The jackanapes phrasemongering of some Osric of the day. 1930 23 Feb. 17/6 After a whole month the work of the Conference remains only pacifist phrase-mongering. 1996 19 Dec. 2 (advt.) The refusal to surrender ordinary language to the phrase-mongering and scare words that impoverish both language and life. society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > phrasemongery 1830 598/2 We have commenced with his phrasemongery, and from it we shall proceed to some specimens of his philosophy. 1904 25 356 As for the rest, it is mere phrasemongery. 1948 tr. V. G. Belinsky 46 In our conception a phrase should be chosen for the purpose of expressing thought or feeling; formerly thought and feeling were sought for the sake of phrasemongery. 1892 23 195 For the local reference in the phrase-name ‘Jack of Naples’ compare Jack of Dover, Jack of Paris, both applied to some kind of pie. 1931 W. D. Bowman xi. 197 The result of his [sc. the nicknamer's] imaginative efforts we see in what is known as the phrase-name. 1996 47 302 He finds Langland's extraordinary phrase-name personifications to mark a radical departure in personification use. 1922 J. Corbin 342 The review article is a protest..against the phrase-tag of publicists and statesmen, that ‘modern means of communication’ have ‘obliterated sectionalism’. 1957 N. Frye 103 The fixed epithets and phrase-tags of medieval romance and ballad. 1964 23 299/1 Conventional phrase-tags and cliché-ridden verses are seldom present. the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > word > [noun] > word expressing phrase or sentence 1871 78 The actual derivation of the components of a phrase-word could never be known with certainty. 1933 L. Bloomfield xi. 180 The forms of the type devil-may-care are classed as words (phrase-words) because..as a phrase devil-may-care would be an actor-action form, but as a phrase-word it fills the position of an adjective. 1997 73 768 The poet takes away the features of the words or phrases that make them distinctive at the phonemic or morphemic level, thereby creating new words or phrase-words. Derivatives society > leisure > the arts > literature > poetry > part of poem > [adverb] > phrase by phrase 1549 W. Baldwin (title) The Canticles or Balades of Salomon, phraselyke declared in Englysh Metres. 1924 H. E. Palmer 198 Phrase-like Clauses or Clause-like Phrases. 1989 A. Miller & E. Eller-Miller v. 176 Once children can use signs in this step-by-step fashion they seem better able to combine them in phraselike combinations. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). phrasev. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: phrase n. Etymology: < phrase n.In senses 7a and 7b after French phraser (1755 used intransitively, 1760 used transitively in this sense; otherwise only sense 2 is paralleled in French, but not until much later than in English (late 18th cent.)). the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > use a phrase or phrases [verb (intransitive)] the mind > language > linguistics > linguistic unit > phrase > express in phrases [verb (transitive)] c1540 Image Ipocrysy iii, in J. Skelton (1843) II. 439 Thoughe ye glose and frase Till your eyes dase. society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > express in a specific style [verb (transitive)] > express in particular terms 1556 N. Grimald in tr. Cicero vi If it be phrased wt wrasted or farrefetched fourmes of speeche. 1570 J. Foxe (rev. ed.) I. 55/2 Clement..who..was adioyned with Paule..dyd phrase them [i.e. ‘Epistle to the Hebrues’] in his style, and maner. 1625 R. Montagu 64 So Ezechial phraseth it. a1652 J. Smith (1660) vi. xiii. 274 The LXX..have much varied the manner of phrasing things from the Original. 1701 N. Rowe iii. ii Nor can I phrase my speech in apt Expression, To tell how much I love and honour you. 1771 S. Johnson 7 July (1994) V. 29 He has had as he phrased it a matter of four wives. 1849 G. E. Jewsbury Let. 29 Mar. in (1892) 287 I am ‘bone lazy’, as my nurse used to phrase it. 1879 H. George (1883) x. v. 388 The free spirit of the Mosaic law..inspired their poets with strains that yet phrase the highest exaltations of thought. 1921 J. Galsworthy i. i. 6 Little change had Time wrought in the ‘warmest’ of young Forsytes, as the last of the old Forsytes..would have phrased it. 1984 A. N. Wilson i. viii. 199 He phrased his accusations in hysterical anti-Jewish language. the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to > designate or style as 1607 T. Rogers 133 The Papists, who phrase the Preachers to be vncircumcised Philistins. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher i. i. 34 When these Sunnes (For so they phrase 'em). View more context for this quotation 1636 W. Prynne 36 The Scripture..never phrasing him a Bishop, nor giving him that Title. 1837 30 June 2/5 Two ‘touchers’, as the pickpockets phrase themselves, were yesterday arrested. 1858 H. Bushnell iv. 105 Phrasing the conduct and doings even of men. 1902 R. Kipling in ‘G. F. Monkshood’ & G. Gamble (ed. 3) 49 He is supremely original: which makes it quite difficult to phrase him comparatively. society > communication > information > intimation or making known > intimate or make known (something) [verb (transitive)] 1614 W. Camden (rev. ed.) 205 To poore man ne to priest the penny frases nothing, Men giue God aie the least, they feast him with a farthing. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (transitive)] the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > commend or praise [verb (intransitive)] > greatly or excessively 1675 (new ed.) iii. viii. sig. Mm3 For that present tumult, that the Children of this World fraise [v.r. raise], anent the planting of your Town with a Pastor. 1786 R. Burns (1968) I. 242 To phrase you, an' praise you, Ye ken your Laureat scorns. a1807 J. Skinner (1809) 99 Now baith o' them 's aboon my reach, For a' that I can fraise or fleitch. 1808 J. Mayne (new ed.) iii. 74 In vain his heralds fleech'd and phras'd. 1929 29 Jan. 2/5 We've priggit sair, we've fleecht, we've fraised. 2003 Lexical Usage in (Electronic mailing list) 6 Feb. Fraisin thair ain translate [i.e. translation] fae here tae Hecklebirnie. the mind > language > speech > speak [verb (intransitive)] > get rid of by speaking a1718 W. Penn Tracts in (1726) I. 471 If People will be phrased out of their Religion they may. 1830 81/1 The Monarch is not permitted to phrase away his people's troubles. 7. Music. society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > expression > [verb (transitive)] > play with specific types of expression ?1775 W. Waring tr. J. J. Rousseau (ed. 2) 160 A long custom, in reading music, and phrasing it at sight. 1866 18 June 5/6 A greater treat than this favourite melody,..thus phrased and articulated by two such thorough singers, could not be wished. 1950 S. Thompson ii. 22 Another point..is to see that the music is phrased correctly to suit the various dances. 1976 Oct. 611/1 He has rather a sour tone and does not phrase the music as elegantly as his rivals. 1999 Apr. 48/3 Nimrod is phrased in such a way as to sound rather disjointed. society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > expression > [verb (intransitive)] > use specific types of expression 1846 9 July 5/4 He played divinely, expressing and executing with equal ability, phrasing to admiration, and effectively balancing [etc.]. 1896 6 279/1 She phrases naturally and her intonation is admirable. 1973 Jan. 1365/3 The violins phrase well. 1988 Feb. 17/1 He phrases differently from the regular norm of arrangers or composers. society > leisure > dancing > movements or steps > [verb (transitive)] > linking movements 1959 22 Jan. 3/4 Miss Georgina Parkinson, who phrases travelling movements with much smoothness. 1983 13 Jan. 9/4 They both dance the solos with a staccato attack, whereas he phrases them fluently without any loss of definition. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.1530 v.c1540 |
