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单词 pindari
释义

Pindarin.

Brit. /pɪnˈdɑːri/, U.S. /pɪnˈdɑri/
Forms:

α. 1700s–1800s Pindarries (plural), 1800s Pindaree, 1800s Pindarree, 1800s Pindhari, 1800s– Pindari, 1800s– Pindarry, 1900s– Pendhari.

β. 1700s Bindarra, 1700s Pinderreh, 1800s Pindareh.

Origin: Probably of multiple origins. Probably partly a borrowing from Marathi. Probably partly a borrowing from Hindi. Etymons: Marathi pẽḍhārī; Hindi piṇḍāra.
Etymology: In α. forms, probably ultimately < Marathi pẽḍhārī marauder < pẽḍhār band of marauders, depredation, perhaps influenced by Gujarati piṇḍārɔ . In β. forms < Hindi piṇḍāra mendicant, marauder (in this sense influenced by Marathi pẽḍhāra band of marauders < pẽḍhār) < Sanskrit piṇḍāra religious mendicant < piṇḍa lump of meal as alms.The phonology of the Marathi word, and the fact that its etymon is an abstract or collective noun, suggest a connection with Dravidian words applied to Vaishnava tribal priests and Saiva tribal mendicants, e.g. Telugu paṇḍāramu and Tamil paṇṭāram Pandaram n.; the latter is found as a term for the marauders in English earlier than Pindari:1778 R. Orme Hist. Mil. Trans. Brit. Nation II. 571 With 3000 mounted, and a greater number of foot plunderers, who are called Pandarums, and always troop with the horse.A less likely etymology would involve the Hindi (or Gujarati) word being altered in Marathi under the influence of pẽḍhā straw, fermented drink made from straw (favoured by the marauders). A suggestion that the word is derived < Pāndhār, the name of the region between Burhānpur and Handiya, is disproved by the facts that the place name lacks the medial cerebral consonant and that the Pindaris did not inhabit this region until the late 18th cent. An unassimilated word Pendhārī, given by N.E.D(1906) as sense 2, ‘the language spoken by Pindaris and their descendants’, refers to an Urdu dialect and is not directly connected:1901 Census India, Classified List of Lang. No. 81 Pendhārī or Kākari a jargon based on Dakhinī, which is used by Musalman Pendhārās and Kākars in Dharwar (Bombay).
Now historical.
A member of any of various groups of mounted raiders active in Central India from the late 17th to early 19th centuries.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > warrior > soldier > soldier by type of service > [noun] > mercenary > specific
Suisse1775
Pindari1782
Bashi-Bazouk1859
the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Indo-Iranian > Indic > central languages
Gujaratic1607
Hindustan1622
Pindari1782
Hindustani1787
Pahari1858
Hindi–Urdu1892
1782 J. Anderson Let. 4 Feb. in Authentic Copy Corr. in India (1787) VI. 111 The Pindarries are spreading desolation all around us.
1788 Indian Vocab. 19 Bindarra, a large proportion of the Maratta troops, made up of all the different tribes in India; who receive no pay, but..give a certain monthly sum to the commander in chief, for permission to maraud or plunder under the sanction of his banners.
1788 Indian Vocab. 104 Pindarries, a set of plunderers who accompany a Maratta army.
1794 J. Scott in tr. M. Firishtah Hist. Dekkan II. i. 122 The Pinderrehs took Velore, which however was soon retaken by Terbeut Khan.
1803 Duke of Wellington Dispatches (1844) I. 369 He has had 3000 pindarries in his service, to whom he gave no pay, and who subsisted by plundering the Rajah of Kolapoor.
1823 J. Malcolm Mem. Central India I. x. 426 The Pindarries, though they never took deep root in Central India, made that country their home.
1842 W. Miles tr. M. Khan Kirmani Hist. Hydur Naik xiii. 149 In reference to the Pindarehs, it is not unknown that they are a low tribe of robbers entertained by some of the princes of the Dukhun, to plunder and lay waste the territories of their enemies, and to serve for guides.
1889 G. Smith Stephen Hislop (ed. 2) ii. 33 Central India was overrun by Pindari brigands.
1966 B. Ghosh (title) British policy towards the Pathans and the Pindaris in Central India, 1805–1818.
1998 Britannica Online (Version 98.2) After the regular forces of the Marathas had been broken up by the British in the campaigns of 1803-04, the Pindaris made their headquarters in Malwa.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1782
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