| 释义 |
plean. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymons: French plaid, pleet, plai. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman and Old French plaid (842 in Old French in the Strasbourg Oaths in sense ‘pact, agreement’; French plaid ; compare α. forms), Anglo-Norman pleet, pleit, plete, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French plait, plet (c1100 in Old French; French †plait ; compare β. forms), Anglo-Norman plai, plaie, plei, pli, Anglo-Norman and Middle French plé, plee (c1170 in Anglo-Norman; compare γ. forms) lawsuit, trial, legal case, court session (all c1100), controversy, discussion, debate (c1140), proposal (second half of the 12th cent.), battle, conflict (late 12th cent. or earlier), pleading (1337 or earlier) < classical Latin placitum (see placitum n.). Compare (partly via French) Old Occitan plaid (c1070), plait , plag (both a1126), plai (a1149; Occitan plaid , plag ), Catalan plet (late 13th cent.; earlier as †pled (1046), †pleid (1084)), Spanish pleito (1060; earlier as †pleto (1035), †plecto (1042)), Portuguese pleito (13th cent.), preito (1265), Italian piato (first half of the 13th cent.; rare and literary), all in sense 1 as well as in legal uses, and also post-classical Latin pleitum (1055 in a Spanish source), plaitum (12th cent.). The French word was also borrowed into other European languages: compare Old Frisian plait, placht lawsuit (West Frisian pleit), Middle Dutch plait, pleit lawsuit, controversy, debate (Dutch pleit), Middle Low German plēt, pleit controversy, especially lawsuit.Although spellings of the French word with final -d or -t were preserved until the modern period, this appears to have been due to orthographic conservatism only; by the 12th cent. the final consonant was no longer pronounced in either Anglo-Norman or continental French. The English α and β forms therefore apparently arose from orthographically conservative French forms. There is unlikely to be any continuity between these forms and later plead n. society > society and the community > dissent > quarrel or quarrelling > [noun] the mind > attention and judgement > testing > debate, disputation, argument > controversy, dispute, argument > [noun] α. c1275 (?c1250) (Calig.) (1935) 1737 An lateþ dom þis plaid [a1300 Jesus Oxf. playd] to breke. 2. Law. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > [noun] > a lawsuit β. c1300 St. Thomas Becket (Laud) 601 in C. Horstmann (1887) 123 Ȝif ani plait [v.r. play] to chapitle were i-drawe And ani man made ani apel..to þe bischop fram þe Ercedekne his apel [he] scholde make. 1340 (1866) 39 (MED) Þe uerþe boȝ of auarice is acsynge..to þise zenne belongeþ al þet barat, alle ualshedes and alle gyles þet comeþ ine plait. c1475 (?c1400) (1842) 23 Prelatis and prestis þeis daies in þe court of pleet..enfectun and warioun hem silf manifold. ?1518 R. Copland tr. P. Gringore (new ed.) sig. A.iii To daye I had peas rest and vnyte To morowe I had plete & processe dyuers. 1622 G. de Malynes 470 For the tenth time, the pleyte or suite, with all the records, goeth out of that Iudges court to a higher court. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > trying or hearing of cause > try or hear causes [verb (intransitive)] 1477 VI. 187/2 That..no Styward..hold plee uppon any Action atte sute of any persone. 1530 xxxvi. f. lxxxxvi For elles yt were a thynge in vayne for hym to holde ple of aduousons. 1596 W. Lambarde (rev. ed.) 201 Hauing a court..in which they hold plea of all causes and actions, reall and personall, ciuill and criminall. 1620 J. Wilkinson (new ed.) 46 By a writ of Justicies out of the chancery, which is a commission to the Sherif to hold plea of any summe whatsoever. 1768 W. Blackstone III. vii. 112 This writ may issue..to the county courts or courts-baron, where they attempt to hold plea of any matter of the value of forty shillings. 1828 31 Dec. 3/1 For the benefit of the public in general, and in order to save ruinous expense, that by virtue of a writ of justicies, the sheriff of any county may hold pleas in actions of account, debt, detinue, trover, scandal, &c. 1874 W. Stubbs I. iii. 46 The count..is still allowed to hold pleas. 1921 (Lexis) (House of Lords) 28 July The Pope's Collector, whose Bull enabled him to hold pleas, was held to be incapable of holding pleas even of spiritual matters within the realm, and accordingly the Vicar obtained a prohibition against him. 1959 G. D. Squibb v. 66 On 19 February 1641 he had..the congenial task of reporting the result of the committee's deliberations to the House. Upon this report the House resolved that the Court had no jurisdiction to hold plea of words; that the Earl Marshal could hold no Court without the Constable. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > Crown or criminal proceedings ?1530 J. Rastell sig. *Bv The plees of the crowne were holden in the Towre. 1607 J. Cowell sig. Ccc1v/2 Pleas of the Crowne in Scotland be 4. roberie, rape, murder, and wilfull fire..with vs they be all suites in the Kings name against offences committed against his Crowne and dignitie... or against his Crowne and peace. 1635 W. Lambarde & T. Lambarde (new ed.) 20 The Courts of Law doe either hold civill, or criminall Causes (more anciently tearmed Common Pleas, and Pleas of the Crowne). 1651 T. Hobbes xxvii. 161 The pleas according thereunto called Publique, Judicia Publica, Pleas of the Crown; or Private Pleas. 1705 18 Apr. It being a premeditat murder its declared by our law to be one of the four pleyes of the croun. 1769 W. Blackstone IV. i. 2 The code of criminal law; or, as it is more usually denominated with us in England, the doctrine of the pleas of the crown. 1800 D. Hume I. 94 The customary rule..which reserves to the Justice and his deputes, and now to the Lords of Justiciary, the peculiar cognizance of the crimes of murder, robbery, rape and fire-raising, the four pleas (as they are therefore called) of the Crown. 1895 F. Pollock & F. W. Maitland II. 571 More native to our law was the distinction between Pleas of the Crown and Common Pleas, which was often supposed to coincide with, though really it cut, the more cosmopolitan distinction [i.e. between civil and criminal]. 1962 82 There is no High Court in the county and all ‘Pleas of the Crown’ must be heard in the High Court of Justiciary in Glasgow or Edinburgh. 1984 P. F. Smith & S. H. Bailey i. 3 Its main function was to deal with what are now called criminal cases—pleas of the Crown. 3. society > morality > duty or obligation > moral or legal constraint > immunity or exemption from liability > excuse > [noun] a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1965) Ecclus. xx. 16 To dai leeneþ a man & to morewe he askeþ it bi ple [L. expetit], & hateful is such a maner man. a1550 Vox Populi 423 in W. C. Hazlitt (1866) III. 283 Thei are dryven to theire plea. 1569 R. Grafton II. 612 The Capitaine perceiuing his dilatorie ple, by force tooke him from the officers. 1589 T. Nashe To Students in R. Greene Epist. sig. Av I had rather referre it, as a disputatiue plea to diuines. 1638 (1657) vii. 127 Their best plea is from the words of Christ. 1667 J. Milton iv. 394 So spake the Fiend, and with necessitie, The Tyrants plea, excus'd his devilish deeds. View more context for this quotation 1753 S. Richardson III. xviii. 152 No plea is too weak for folly and self-interest to insist upon. 1771 J. Horne in ‘Junius’ (1772) II. li. 197 I admit the plea. 1814 J. Austen III. i. 11 Refuse Mr. Crawford! Upon what plea? For what reason? View more context for this quotation 1838 C. Thirlwall V. xxxvii. 5 He obtained leave to decline the command on a plea which can scarcely have been more than a pretext. 1877 J. A. Froude (1883) IV. i. i. 4 The privilege and authority of bishops and clergy was Becket's plea for convulsing Europe. 1947 E. Waugh 9 Jan. (1980) 244 I have no patience whatever with the plea of duty to a sinking ship. 1996 29 Mar. ii. 5/4 You assumed I was making a plea for specialness when I was attempting to pinpoint a difference. the mind > language > speech > request > [noun] > earnest request or entreaty 1925 I. Gershwin Lady Luck in (1993) 70/1 Lady Luck, listen to me! Lady Luck, answer my plea! 1935 30 Jan. 21/4 Going from house to house with his plea, ‘Missus, could y'spring a cup o' tea?’ 1958 19 May 47/1 But when he sent a Humane officer to shoot Tom Boy, the ranch manager..broke into such a torrent of tears and pleas for mercy that the executioner left with his job undone. 1987 R. Hall (1990) iii. lxiv. 386 She..adjusted herself to appear in public, pushed past Sikorski shooting him a watery plea to get out of her life. 1991 27 Oct. h4/3 Child-rearing books offer volumes of advice on how to deal with pint-sized tantrums; most recommend ignoring the child if it's just a plea for attention. 2003 29 Jan. 26/3 Chris pressurises Charity to call in the Dingles' debt and she vows to get the money from her family despite Lisa's pleas for more time. 4. Law. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) vii. 2068 (MED) Ther was with him non advocat To make ple for his astat. 1467 in (1841) 402 (MED) Item, for a nother wrytte uppon his patent of lyvelode..Item, for makenge of a ple for the same. a1500 Disciplina Clericalis in (1919) 22 39 (MED) Than the Right callid thaccusers and the accused and comaunded that thei shulden Reherse the plees. 1607 J. Cowell sig. Ccc1v/2 Plea..signifieth in our common lawe, that which either partie alleadgeth for himselfe in court. 1723 W. Bohun (ed. 2) 177 As the Register shall not enter any Plea, so neither shall he enter any Demurrer in the Paper at the Instance of any Person upon a Warrant for setting down the same on a cettain [sic] day. 1825 c. 120 §9 Each of the Parties shall..lodge with the Clerk, previous to the final Adjustment of the Record, a short and concise Note, drawn and signed by Counsel, of the Pleas in Law on which the Action or Defence is to be maintained. 1861 G. Ross (rev. ed.) 636/1 Pleas in law, as a distinct portion of a record, were introduced by the Judicature Act, 6 Geo. IV. c. 120, §9. 1884 9 344 It is declared, That the second plea in law of the defenders ought to be repelled. 1988 25 Apr. 33/1 [Sc. law report] The legal basis on which the interdict was sought was set forth in the first plea-in-law in the petition. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea > plea in answer to charge or declaration a1393 J. Gower (Fairf.) ii. 3416 (MED) That dai mai no consail availe; The pledour and the plee schal faile. 1449 V. 169/1 Yf..eny of them plede any plee or plees in barr of the accyon or in abatemente of the bille..that all suche plee or plees stonde and be as voyde as no plee. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville (Vitell.) 4862 (MED) I make ek an ordynavnce Lawes to be rad..To plete for hem & ples holde To-for myn owne Fader dere. a1531 in (1886) 360 In an action of debt upon a prompt, it is no plea to say, that he receiveth the money in contestation of his obligation. 1607 J. Cowell sig. Ccc2/1 Then is there a Forein plea, whereby mater is alleadged in any court that must be tried in another. a1626 F. Bacon (1630) 9 There is no reason..but it should be a peremptory plea to the person in a writ of error as well as in any other action. 1682 J. Bunyan 194 Gentlemen, you have heard the Indictment, his Plea, and the testimony of the Witnesses. View more context for this quotation 1743 B. Franklin 8–15 Sept. 4/1 Yet may thy Council urge this prudent Plea, That by one Crime, thou has avoided three. 1769 W. Blackstone IV. xxvi. 326 We have now to consider the plea of the prisoner or defensive matter alleged by him on his arraignment. 1818 W. Cruise (ed. 2) II. 222 On debate the plea was allowed by Lord Keeper Bridgeman. 1875 O. xix. r. 13 No plea or defence shall be pleaded in abatement. 1910 I. 7/2 In criminal proceedings a plea in abatement was at one time a common practice in answer to an indictment. 1922 J. Joyce iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 597 Fitz..was not, if he was reliably informed, actually party to the ambush which, in point of fact, was the plea some legal luminary saved his skin on. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea > plea in bar 1729 G. Jacob sig. L1v A Plea in Bar, not giving a full Answer to all the Matter contained in the Plaintiff's Declaration, is not good. 1729 G. Jacob sig. L1v If the Plea in Bar be to the Action it self, and the Plaintiff is barred by Judgment, &c. it is a Bar for ever in Personal Actions. 1847 C. Dickens (1848) xxiii. 229 A plea in bar that they would have valuable consideration for their kindness. 1904 A. M. Anderson (ed. 2) 284 A plea in bar of trial ought, when possible, to be stated at the first diet. 1963 9 May 17/5 Connelly said yesterday that he wished to withdraw that plea of Not Guilty and to enter a plea-in-bar on the grounds of autrefois acquit. 1988 L. B. Curzon (ed. 3) 412/1 Special plea, plea in bar, e.g., plea of former acquittal. 1827 J. Bentham II. iii. xv. 316 Where it happens to a prisoner to answer in the affirmative,—in appropriate language to plead guilty,—if he insists on it, the general understanding seems to be that he has a right to have such his plea recorded: in which case there is a necessary end of the trial, and the verdict follows of course. 1842 ‘J. Cypress, Jr.’ i. 24 Although they have experienced much affliction under the issue of ‘non assumpsit’, never was there one who suffered judgment upon the finding of a jury on the plea of ‘not guilty’. 1861 G. Ross (rev. ed.) 637/1 The panel's plea must either be guilty or not guilty. 1906 26 May 12/1 It was not till 1827 that it was enacted that a plea of not guilty should be entered for a prisoner who stood mute of malice. 1931 18 Feb. 5/1 The defendants..entered a plea of autrefois convict. 1983 K. M. MacMorran iii. 35 In effect, the accused's consent is treated as a plea of guilty. 1990 Jan. 14/3 If Steinberg had permitted his lawyer to make an insanity plea based on his (Steinberg's) cocaine use, many observers think he might have succeeded in avoiding prison altogether. society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea > plea of guilty 1913 22 Feb. 15/1 The detective would swear, of course, that I'd hit him first; so I planned to take a plea, saying I was guilty of plain assault. 1925 10 Apr. 16 In the jargon of the lawless, let it be explained, ‘copping a plea’ means to admit one's guilt in a gamble to prevent heavy sentence. 1936 15 Feb. 10 Oh, he confessed. He's taking a plea tomorrow morning, and that ends it. 1939 R. Chandler xvii. 139 You're going to cop a plea, brother, don't ever think you're not. 1963 ‘J. Prescot’ viii. 123 As for the trial itself, I don't give it more than half a day. It's bound to end up in a plea. 1970 6 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 19/2 The majority of accused pleaded guilty—the case then being known to practitioners as a ‘plea’ as distinct from a ‘fight’—and for pleas there was no legal aid. 1974 4 June 14/7 Today he did what Americans call copped a plea, in return for pleading guilty to the least serious charge against him, all the other charges of involvement in Watergate and the burglary of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist were dropped. 1994 6 Feb. c2/5 There's Jeff Gillooly, who copped a plea to save his butt. the mind > will > intention > planning > [noun] > a plan > a proposed plan or a project a1500 (?c1450) 365 (MED) Yet shall I make to yow a feire plee: com with me to Bredigan where the kynge Arthur me abideth, and do hym homage..and I shall yelde yow the castell. society > morality > dueness or propriety > [noun] > claiming as due or right > claim or a demand for something as due society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > demand > a demand 1598 W. Shakespeare ii. i. 7 The plea of no lesse weight, Then Aquitaine. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 280 But none can driue him from the enuious plea of forfaiture, of iustice, and his bond. View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 195 Iustice be thy plea . View more context for this quotation 1600 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 200 I haue spoke thus much to mittigate the iustice of thy plea . View more context for this quotation Compounds C1. (In sense 4.) 1614 J. Selden 279 In a plea Roll in the Tower, the bundle thus titled: Placita apud Theokesburiam coram W. de Ralegh..is found. 1705 W. Nicolson 27 Dec. (1985) 337 I..found that the best Account of that matter was to be had from the Plea Rolls at Westminster. 1867 J. de Kirkby 145 This account is partly corroborated by the following extract from the Plea Roll of the 35th Edward 1. 1886 XX. 312/1 The judgment rolls pass through three stages—first, they are plea rolls; then, when the parties join issue, issue rolls; and lastly,..judgment rolls. 1936 1 140 It is impossible to make intelligent use of a plea roll or a pipe roll without fully understanding the governmental machinery that produced it. 2003 (Nexis) 1 Sept. 29 Appeals to specific provisions appear frequently in late medieval plea rolls, proving wide familiarity with the Great Charter. C2. society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > place where court is held > [noun] > courthouse 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in 2nd Ser. I. 118 He's seldom at hame when there's ony o' the plea-houses open. 1833 Lady Morgan Manor Sackville ii, in I. 77 Surely, Lady Emily, whatever your leedyship plazes; and isn't there a little plea-house, madam, in the out-offices, fitted up by the leet. society > law > administration of justice > judicial body, assembly, or court > [noun] > court for trial of civil cases > civil side of court 1768 W. Blackstone III. iv. 42 On the plea-side, or civil branch. 1870 V. 454 There can be no doubt that under the rule in question the practice on the revenue side was made more uniform with that on the plea-side. 1979 84 1362/2 Thus, she has prepared a measure with which to test their conclusions: ‘the return of the profits of the seals of the two benches’, a reference to the crown side and the plea side of King's Bench. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). pleav. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: plea n. Etymology: < plea n. Compare earlier plead v.In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). Chiefly English regional ( northern), and Scottish. Now also U.S.society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > action of courts in claims or grievances > go to law or litigate [verb (intransitive)] society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > maintain by argument in court [verb (transitive)] the mind > language > speech > request > make a request [verb (intransitive)] > beseech or implore society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > maintain by argument in court [verb (transitive)] > answer plaintiff's charge c1450 (1904) I. 28 (MED) He come in-to þe cowrte & pleyd with þe men of courte & þe iudgies & ouer-come þaim; And so..he habundid euer mor & mor in eloquens..to so mekull, he was more desyrid to pley in þe law þan was his maister Pictagoras. ?c1475 (BL Add. 15562) f. 97 (MED) To ple vbi to Mute. a1500 R. Henryson tr. Æsop Fables: Wolf & Lamb l. 2671 in (1981) 99 ‘Ȝaa!’ quod the volf. ‘Ȝit pleyis thow agane?’ 1507 in J. Fullarton (1834) 40 Cristine Red pleyt vpon the winnaill dyk..for faut of the vphaldyng of it scho was scathit iij f. of ry. 1581 R. Sempill (single sheet) It was the Dowglassis douchtaly them dang, and pleit ȝour proces in that parliament. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie (1888) I. 116 Athir ar thay preistes serueng the kirk; or men of law to plie a cause, or men of weir to fecht. c1626 H. Bisset (1920) I. 164 That na procuratour nor advocate..pley forther in the mater eftir sylence is put to thame. 1649 in J. D. Marwick (1881) II. 169 That the thesaurer advance ane thowsand pundis..to be sent eist for consigneing to get suspensioune and to plie the caus. 1700 Z. Haig in J. Russell (1881) xi. 335 He advised me in general to quit two or three thousand merks rather then plea. 1816 W. Scott Old Mortality xiii, in 1st Ser. IV. 275 The estate was sair plea'd between Leddy Margaret Bellenden and the present laird. 1851 G. Outram 40 The case fell asleep when her Grandfather died. And few folks remembered it e'er had been plea'd. 1868 J. Salmon ii. i. 41 Scorn the love of whilk sae mony plea. 1877 W. Watson 137 The brethren unfrien'ly to pleyin Return their unanimous thanks. 1887 M. R. Lahee 9 (E.D.D.) Aw'm like to plea poverty. 1887 J. Service 197 She would 'a said when we were a' pleain'—‘Noo, weans, if ye be a' quate, I'll tell ye a story.’ a1901 J. B. Salmond (1922) iii. 33 Gin we were ance in, we'll no pley aboot the road we cam. 1954 18 Mar. Wizn't it daft tae pley aboot somebody that had been deed 3,204 years? 1996 Re: No Contest vs. Guilty in alt.fan.cecil-adams (Usenet newsgroup) 24 July If you plea guilty and then later in another hearing say that you didn't do it, can you be charged with perjury? 2002 Re: Good News from FL in rec.motorcycles.harley (Usenet newsgroup) 2 Feb. Keep in mind that in Florida Vehicular Homicide is routinely plea'd down to wreckless, and no sentence. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.c1275 v.c1450 |
