ploughmanplowmann.

1223 in P. H. Reaney & R. M. Wilson Dict. Brit. Surnames (1976) 276 (MED) Robert Pleueman.

1260 Patent Roll, 44 Henry III 16 Jan. (P.R.O.: C 66/75) m. 4 Bartholomei le Plouman.

1263 in Archaeologia Cantiana (1861) 4 311 [The rent of certain tenants, who are called] Plocmen, [is extended at 3 s. 5 d.].

1271 in M. Bateson Rec. Borough Leicester (1899) I. 137 Joh. carucario (le caruer) Plouman.

c1300 All Souls (Laud) 182 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 425 Euer-ech with swuch-manere wepne ase huy uyseden here a-liue: plouȝ-Man with his Aker-staf.

c1387–95 G. Chaucer Canterbury Tales Prol. 529 With hym ther was a plowman [v.r. plouheman], was his brother, That hadde ylad of donge ful many a fother.

c1400 (c1378) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Laud 581) (1869) B. xiii. 123 (MED) Pieres þe ploughman hath inpugned vs alle, And sette alle sciences at a soppe saue loue one.

c1450 Alphabet of Tales (1904) I. 214 (MED) Hurde-men & plew-men rescowid his childer fro þis lyon & þis wulfe.

a1500 Disciplina Clericalis in Western Reserve Univ. Bull. (1919) 22 48 (MED) It is saide forwhi of a plowghman that, for his oxen wold nat drawe rightly, he saide the wolf shuld ete hem.

1548 H. Latimer Notable Serm. sig. A.iiii^v Because I lyken preaching to a ploughmans laboure & a prelate to a ploughman.

1582 R. Mulcaster 1st Pt. Elementarie Peroration 262 What affinitie is there in respect of their profession, betwene a simple plowman, a warie merchant, and a subtill lawyer?

1645 J. Milton L'Allegro in Poems 33 While the Plowman neer at hand, Whistles ore the Furrow'd Land.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis x, in tr. Virgil Wks. 532 As when thick Hail comes ratling in the Wind, The Plowman, Passenger, and lab'ring Hind, For shelter to the neighb'ring Covert fly.

1751 T. Gray Elegy i. 5 The plow-man homeward plods his weary way.

1783 Gaz. State S.-Carolina 3 June 1/1 [The slave] is also a good Sawyer and Ploughman.

1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. ii, in Poems 82 Unletter'd Swains, and Plough-men coarse, they slight.

1879 J. C. Shairp Robert Burns i. 34 Now [sc. in 1786] persons of every rank were anxious to become acquainted with the wonderful Ayrshire Ploughman.

1913 J. Muir Story of my Boyhood vi. 221 Very soon I had to become a good ploughman, or rather ploughboy. None could draw a straighter furrow.

1993 Farms for Sale (Huron, Grey & Bruce Counties, Ont.) Aug.–Oct. 7/1 (advt.) The plowing competitions involve the top plowmen and women from across Ontario.

1975 Times 30 Aug. 10/2 The pubs specialize in lunchtime catering..and you can get a decent ‘ploughman's’ for between 20p and 30p.

1989 Caravan Life Aug. 81/4 If it's a light snack you want, there are some delicious sandwiches to be had, not to mention the traditional Ploughmans.

1997 Economist 25 Jan. 92/1 In London they may wash down a ploughman's with a pint or two.

2004 Delicious June 98/2 Clued-up pubs..offering dish upon dish of ‘assemblies’: platters of smoked fish, dill-cured salmon and fresh oysters, or a ploughman's.

1660 W. Somner Treat. Gavelkind 36 That known distinction of their lands in Normandy..unto fief de Haubert, and fief de Roturier (that is the Noblemans Fee, and the Husbandman or Ploughmans fee).

1885 C. I. Elton in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 735/1 The strict English primogeniture as applied to the rustic holdings, sometimes called fiefs de roturier or ‘ploughman's fee’.

1837 J. G. Lockhart Mem. Life Scott IV. v. 161 The surprised poet swung forth to join them, with an extemporized sandwich, that looked like a ploughman's luncheon, in his hand.

1956 Monthly Bull. (Brewers' Soc.) July 106 All you need say is, ‘Ploughboy's Lunch, Harry, please’. And in a matter of minutes a tray is handed across the counter to you on which is a good square hunk of bread, a lump of butter and a wedge of cheese, and pickled onions, along with your pint of beer.]

1957 Monthly Bull. (Brewers' Soc.) June 88 There followed a ‘Ploughman's Lunch’ of cottage bread, cheese, lettuce, hard-boiled eggs, cold sausages and, of course, beer.

1960 Minutes Meeting Eng. Cheese 1961 Budget 29 Nov. (P.R.O.: JV7/89) A complete budget statement..which included..the following M.M.B. [= Milk Marketing Board] commitments:..5,000 Ploughman's Lunch Showcard[s].

1970 R. Trehane in B. H. Axler Cheese Handbk. p. iii English cheese and beer have for centuries formed a perfect combination enjoyed as the Ploughman's Lunch.

1995 B. Maitland Marx Sisters 97 Brock ordered..a pint of bitter and a ploughman's lunch for himself. ‘No ploughman ever survived on these scraps,’ he grumbled, pushing a lettuce leaf to one side.

1597 J. Gerard Herball ii. 648 This plant Baccharis..in English..may be called the Cinamom roote, or Plowmans Spiknarde.

1671 E. Phillips New World of Words (new ed.) Plowmans Spiknard, a sort of plant called in Latin Baccharis.

1712 J. Morton Nat. Hist. Northants. 370 Baccharis Monspeliensum, Ger. Plowman's Spikenard. In the shady Lane..that leads to Dudington.

1821 J. Clare Village Minstrel I. 115 Thy horehound tufts I love them well, And ploughman's spikenard's spicy smell.

1966 J. Sankey Chalkland Ecol. iii. 47 Box Hill... Amongst the sward plants listed from this area..12% have a continental distribution and need a hot dry summer and a cold dry winter, e.g. stemless thistle..and ploughman's spikenard.