| 释义 |
plumen. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly a borrowing from French. Etymons: Latin plūma; French plume. Etymology: Originally < classical Latin plūma (see below); subsequently either reinforced by or reborrowed < (i) Anglo-Norman plume, plum and Middle French plume, plome, French plume down used as filling for duvets and pillows (c1140 in Old French), plumage (c1165; late 12th cent. or earlier in figurative use corresponding to sense 2b; mid 15th cent. or earlier denoting the actual feather bush worn e.g. on a helmet), quill, pen (late 14th cent. or earlier), and its etymon (ii) classical Latin plūma feather, feathers collectively, plumage, mass of feathers, down, in post-classical Latin also quill, pen (c1220 in a British source), of unknown origin). Compare Old Occitan, Occitan pluma (a1145 or earlier), Catalan ploma (13th cent.), Spanish pluma (11th cent.), Portuguese pluma (14th cent. as prumas (plural)), Italian piuma (1310; earlier as pluma (13th cent.)).The Latin word was also borrowed at an early date into other Germanic languages, which probably reflects the importance (going back to Roman times) of the trade in fine goose-down from northern Europe; compare Middle Dutch plūme (Dutch pluim ), Middle Low German plūme , Old High German pflūma (only in the compounds pflūmfedera (see below), pflūmlĭh (of a textile) embroidered, brocaded; Middle High German phlūme , plūme , German Flaum , †Pflaum , †Pflaume ). With Old English plūmfeðer (see plume feather n. at Compounds 2) compare Middle Low German plūmvedder , Old High German pflūmfedera (Middle High German phlūmvedere , German Flaumfeder ), both in the same sense. In sense 3c perhaps after plume v. In sense 5 perhaps after French plume (the title of the source of quot. a1655 at sense 5 suggests a French model, although the French word is apparently only attested later in this sense (1752 in Trévoux)). I. A feather; plumage. 1. the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > collective or plumage the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] > down or down-feather OE tr. Defensor (1969) xliii. 279 Plumarum mollities iuuenilia membra non foueat : plumfeþera hnescnyss geonglice lima na gehlywe. lOE Homily (Tiber. A.iii) in (1885) 8 473 On plum feðerum he lið, ac þeh weðere oft æblæce. On gyldenum beddum he rest, ac oft rædlice gedrefed. ?a1425 tr. Guy de Chauliac (N.Y. Acad. Med.) f. 55 (MED) Plumaciolez..were made in old tyme of plume, i. feþerez, sewed atuyx cloþez. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil (1959) III. 170 The goshalk glaid of plume. 1552 R. Huloet Thystle toppe, whych is lyke plume, pappus. 1580 T. Churchyard f. 19v The Peacocke prides hym in his plume. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny I. 280 A second commoditie that Geese yeeld..is their plume and downe. For in some places their soft feathers are pluckt twice a yeare. 1614 S. Latham i. vii. 24 How you may know the nature and disposition of your Hawke, as well by the plume, as also by obseruation. 1667 J. Milton xi. 186 The Bird of Jove..Two Birds of gayest plume before him drove. View more context for this quotation 1727 R. Bradley (Dublin ed.) at Cock His eyes round and great, the colour answerable to the colour of his plume or Main. 1812 J. Wilson iii. 600 Vaunt not, gay bird! thy gorgeous plume. 1894 L. Morris 141 Thy girlish mistress..Strained weary eyes and watching ears To see thy plume and catch thy song. a1928 T. Hardy (1930) 137 An aged thrush, frail, gaunt, and small, In blast-beruffled plume. 1655 H. L'Estrange 21 To interdict him with the Earls of Somerset, Middlesex, Bristow, (all of an inclination, though not all of a plume). 2. the world > animals > birds > feather > [noun] c1475 (c1399) (Cambr. Ll.4.14) (1936) iii. 49 (MED) Anoþer proud partriche..sesith on hir cete with hir softe plumes. a1522 G. Douglas tr. Virgil xi. vi. 113 My feris lost, with plumys in the ayr As thame best lykis ar fleand our alquhair. 1552 R. Huloet Plume, pluma, et plumula, a very yonge fether. 1569 E. Fenton tr. P. Boaistuau f. 116 Hir feathers bee very small, and moste lyke (reseruing their litlenesse) to the plumes of a Pehenne or a she Peacocke. 1601 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero 84 They adorne themselues with plumes and feathers of eagles. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) ii. v. 30 Contemplation makes a rare Turkey Cocke of him, how he iets vnder his aduanc'd plumes . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton v. 286 Like Maia's son he stood, And shook his Plumes . View more context for this quotation 1721–2 R. Bradley 68 It [sc. colour] appears..in the Hair of Beasts, and in Plumes of Birds. 1757 T. Gray Ode I i. ii, in 6 With ruffled plumes, and flagging wing. 1835 W. Kirby II. xvii. 150 Those plumes which so ornament the wings of birds. 1882 Dec. 194/2 The arms were bedecked with green bands, fluttering turkey plumes, silver bangles and wrist-guards of the same material. 1893 A. Newton et al. 241 The dorsal plumes of the Egrets. 1930 M. F. Wormser 11 Towards the end of the series of wing quills, 3 or 4 plumes of the cock, instead of being pure white, are a particolour of black and white. 1989 P. Matthiessen 101 The cocks, shorn of combs and tail plumes, were rangy little roosters of starved and hard-bitten demeanor. 2002 G. M. Eberhart I. 183/2 Count Raggi's bird of paradise (Paradisea raggiana) has rose-colored plumes. the mind > emotion > pride > ostentation > [noun] > (an) ostentatious display 1580 J. Bell tr. J. Foxe f. 30 These proude peacockes plumes and Luciferlike loftie lokes of this Uniuersall Irarchie, neyther dyd Christ bring into the Churche nor the Apostles vsurpe at any time. ?1586 A. Day sig. A3 Wherein proude Fate durst vaunt her highest plume. 1596 i. sig. A4 Which if with grudging he refuse to yeld, Ile take away those borrowed plumes of his, And send him naked to the wildernes. 1606 G. Chapman i. sig. B4 Farre aboue the pitche of my lowe plumes. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. vii. 7 Let frantike Talbot triumph for a while, And like a Peacock sweepe along his tayle, Wee'le pull his Plumes, and take away his Trayne. 1641 R. Carpenter iii. iv. 20 If we but glaunce upon the knowledge of our selves, our plumes fall, and we begin to be humble. 1652 W. Blith xxvi. 184 Let him that flatters himself to raise good Clover, upon barren heathy Land..pull down his Plumes after two or three years experience, unless he devise a new way of Husbandry. 1728 J. Morgan I. List of Subscribers (ad fin.) Had I been fond of borrowed Plumes this List had been considerably more Showy than it is. 1802 8 268 In the process of his examination, he is stripped of his borrowed plumes. 1850 C. Kingsley II. xi. 148 My soul..in the rapid plumes of song Clothed itself sublime and strong. 1910 tr. Plato Ion in 7 Arrayed as they [sc. the souls of poets] are in the plumes of rapid imagination, they speak truth. 1999 D. Havenstein vii. 135 The borrowed plumes of Browne's pairings do not elevate him into the rank of the great stylists, and Burridge's own pairings help to show up his thefts and reveal his identity as a mere crow. society > communication > writing > writing materials > writing instrument > [noun] > pen > quill pen > parts of society > armed hostility > military equipment > weapon > missile > arrow > [noun] > feathered part > feathers 1681 N. Grew i. §2. ii. 22 The Plume or Stalk of a Quill. 1808 Z. M. Pike (1810) ii. 150 They buried the arrow to the plume in the animal. 1883 D. C. Murray III. 38 Carroll held a quill pen in his hand... The hand looked steady, but the quivering plume told how tense the nerves were. 1895 8 316 One of the plumes of each arrow..was placed so as to stand out exactly at right angles with the nock of the arrow. 1999 Name that Dragon! in alt.fan.furry (Usenet newsgroup) 14 May With a calm, unhurried snap of his wrist which sent the plume of the quill in a lazy arc, he..carefully dipped the tip into the inkwell and [etc.]. 2004 Mar. 59/1 When selecting the feather [for a quill pen], the plume is relatively unimportant. 3. the mind > mental capacity > lack of understanding > stupid, foolish, or inadequate person > foolish person, fool > [noun] the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > [noun] > plumes or feathers the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > plume (of feathers, etc.) 1530 J. Palsgrave 256/1 Plome of oystrydge fethers, plummart. 1548 f. xij One parte had their Plumes all white, another had them all redde. 1561 A. Jenkinson (1886) I. 132 Upon his head was a tolipane.., and on the left side of his tolipane stood a plume of feathers. 1564 W. Bullein f. 20 I mette a Lackey clothed in Orenge Taunie and White, with..a blewe night cap with a plume of fethers. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iii. iii. 130 Your Enemies, with nodding of their Plumes Fan you into dispaire. View more context for this quotation 1670 F. Sandford sig. A/2 A Bed of State of Black Velvet..with Black Plumes at the Four corners of the Tester. 1711 J. Addison No. 42. ¶1 The ordinary Method of making an Heroe, is to clap a huge Plume of Feathers upon his Head. 1796 R. Southey v. 4 She mail'd her limbs; The white plumes nodded o'er her helmed head. 1823 Ld. Byron v. i. 160 We will lay Aside these nodding plumes and dragging trains. 1823 W. Scott III. x. 253 The plume of feathers which he wore was so high, as if intended to sweep the roof of the hall. 1845 B. Disraeli I. ii. ii. 113 His hat white with a plume of white feathers. 1848 W. K. Kelly tr. L. Blanc I. 335 The grenadiers flung away their black plumes. a1911 D. G. Phillips (1917) II. xix. 437 A white hearse, with polished mountings, the horses caparisoned in white netting, and tossing white plumes. 1960 A. Duggan v. 95 A spotless soldier under a tall plume of stiffened horsehair. 2002 Apr. 58/2 The helmets have lots of feathered plumes and central horsehair crests, adornments which were a feature of Samnite armour. the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > reputation > good repute > [noun] > a source of credit or honour (to) 1605 W. Camden i. 3 It was accounted one of the fairest and most glorious Plumes in the triumphant Diademe of the Roman Empire. 1667 J. Milton vi. 161 Well thou comst Before thy fellows, ambitious to win From me som Plume . View more context for this quotation 1733 J. Currie 249 To wear, as One says, a Feather in their Cap, the Plume of popular Applause. 1745 E. Young 131 The Prince most dauntless, the First Plume of War. 1831 J. Montgomery Falkland's Dream in (1850) 202 Falkland, the plume of England's chivalry. 1848 T. De Quincey Wks. A. Pope in Aug. 307 It is an error..in which Pope himself participated, that his plume of distinction from preceding poets consisted in correctness. 1919 E. Wharton vii. i. 124 To put a panache—a plume, an ornament—on a prosaic deed is an act so eminently French that one seeks in vain for its English equivalent. 1972 8 Nov. Perhaps the greatest plume in Mr. Nixon's hat is that he and agent Henry Kissinger have managed to make separate breakthrough agreements with [etc.]. the mind > emotion > pride > self-esteem > complacency > [noun] 1910 W. De Morgan iv. 66 He wanted..to choose his time, as a nobleman might then do..not only without shame or remorse, but even with some sense of plume or strut. II. Any of various things resembling a feather or feathers in form or lightness. 4. the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > seed > [noun] > parts of > plumule or rudimentary shoot the world > plants > part of plant > reproductive part(s) > flower or part containing reproductive organs > [noun] > parts of > calyx > pappus or appendage on seed 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens i. xxiv. 36 Which [flowers] at length do turne into downe, or Cotton, and the plume is carried away with the winde. 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny II. xxv. 239 The plume or downe which it beareth,..cureth the inordinat flux of waterish humors into the eies. 1672 N. Grew i. 9 The Plume is that Part which becomes the Trunk of the Plant. 1693 (Royal Soc.) 17 947 If gleamy Weather happen at that time, it breeds a small Flie, which consumes the Plume of the Plant. 1747 J. Logan 25 In the larger Seeds..this Plume is very conspicuous; in Kidney-Beans especially it is extremely beautiful. 1766 at Malt Malt which has not had a sufficient time to shoot, so that its plume, or acrospire as the adepts in malting call it, may have reached to the inward skin of the barley, remains charged with too large a quantity of it's unattenuated oils. 1813 H. Davy iii. 62 In every seed there is to be distinguished 1. the organ of nourishment; 2. the nascent plant or the plume. 1914 F. E. Fritsch & E. J. Salisbury xxii. 286 In the Old Man's Beard..and Pasque-flower the style of each achene is feathery and enlarges after fertilisation to form a plume. 1940 C. P. Clausen 224 The egg masses are usually found to adhere to the seed, which are provided with plumes to facilitate dispersion by wind. 1999 Autumn 18/3 Once fertilized, each of the flower stigmas produces a long, silken, silvery plume which shines in the sun. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > [noun] > feather-like 1834 H. McMurtrie tr. G. Cuvier (abridged ed.) 487 There is a double range of numerous tentacula on the mouth, curved into a half moon, forming a plume [Fr. panache] of that figure. 1846 R. Patterson 19 A single plume of a species [of sertularian hydroid] found upon our shores has been estimated to contain 500 [polyps]. 1880 T. H. Huxley ii. 78 This stem [on the gills] divides into two parts, that in front, the plume, resembling the free end of one of the gills. 1990 Dec. 58/1 One or more types of feathery or fingerlike appendages, including tentacles, rhinophores, cerata, and branchial plumes, project from their back. 1999 202 2245/2 In this animal, a set of highly vascularized gills called the respiratory plume or branchia, located at the anterior of the tubeworm, is the primary site of sulfide, O2 and CO2 uptake. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Pterophoridae or Alucitidae > member of 1819 G. Samouelle 409 Pterophorus pentadactylus. The large white Plume. 1832 J. Rennie 231 The Six-cleft Plume (Al[ucita] hexadactyla, Haworth). 1909 F. V. Theobald 455 Collinge..records the larvæ of this Plume Moth [sc. Aciptilia pentadactyla], under the name of the Strawberry Plume, as doing damage to strawberry plants. the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > syrup > [noun] > syrup boiled for confectionery a1655 T. T. de Mayerne (1658) clvi. 107 Seeth your sugar untill the plume or skin appear. 1769 B. Clermont tr. (ed. 2) II. 540 Prepare two Pounds of Sugar, grande Plume, ninth Degree, and put the Flowers in it.] the world > space > shape > other specific shapes > [noun] > object shaped like feather(s) 1730 (Royal Soc.) 36 263 That which is most curious..are the Flowers of Salt... These Sort of Plumes of Salt are very brittle, they melt also in moist Places. 1810 R. Southey iv. 30 The shadow of the Cocoa's lightest plume Is steady on the sand. 1849 M. Arnold 8 The palm-tree plumes that roof'd With their mild dark his grassy banquet-hall. 1868 A. C. Swinburne in July 40 A boy's figure,..with a curling plume of hair. 1914 E. P. Stewart xvi. 161 The rabbit-bush grew in clumps, waving its feathery plumes of gold. 1929 Jan. 18/2 The towering, gracefully swelling columns of royal palms bursting to feathery emerald plumes sixty feet in the air. 1982 V. Alcock xvi. 107 A copper urn, holding tall, dusty plumes of pampas grass and the silvery seedpods of Honesty. 2001 A. Taylor (2002) xxvi. 191 The plumes of rosebay willowherb nodded in the breeze. 7. the world > matter > liquid > liquid which has been emitted > [noun] > an emission, in a flow the world > matter > gas > [noun] > fumes or vapour > cloud or streamer of 1854 H. W. Longfellow in Apr. 416 The dawn was on their faces, and beneath, The sombre houses hearsed with plumes of smoke. 1868 S. Smiles (new ed.) xix. 468 They..observed in the distance a railway flashing along, tossing behind its long white plume of steam. 1935 S. Ross in R. Brown & D. Bennett (1982) I. 450 She could see the long, slow-settling plume of dust thrown up by the horses and the harrow-cart. 1970 7 Nov. 545/2 Ball lightning does not rise like hot air nor is it disrupted by convection into a thermal plume as are hot fireballs. 1995 Oct. 15/1 Pacaya Volcano, south of Guatemala City, sends up an ash plume more than 3 miles high. 2002 G. Mccafferty x. 63 A long black plume of smoke poured from the engine nacelle as the engine stopped. the world > the universe > sun > solar activity > [noun] > solar prominence 1885 A. M. Clerke iii. 83 [The] apparent extent [of the corona] was judged by Struve to be no less than twenty-five minutes..while the great plumes spread their radiance to three or four degrees from the dark lunar edge. 1902 Feb. 33 In an eclipse like that of May 1901 the polar regions are left absolutely free [of synclinal rays] except for the beautiful and regular tufts of light which have earned for themselves the appropriate name of ‘plumes’ or ‘panaches’. 1978 J. M. Pasachoff & M. L. Kutner viii. 196 Beautiful long streamers extend away from the sun in the equatorial regions. At the poles, delicate thin plumes are suspended above the surface. 1996 12 July 180/1 Dazzling images of so-called polar plumes—rays of hot gas poking into relatively cool, dark regions at the sun's poles. the world > the earth > structure of the earth > formation of features > tectonization or diastrophism > [noun] > upwelling of magma 1967 D. L. Turcotte & E. R. Oxburgh in 28 i. 32 When the two hot boundary layers from adjacent cells meet they separate from the horizontal plane and form a plume which rises to the upper surface. 1971 W. J. Morgan in 5 Mar. 42/2 In my model there are about twenty deep mantle plumes bringing heat and relatively primordial material up to the asthenosphere and horizontal currents in the asthenosphere flow radially away from each of these plumes. 1976 P. Francis i. 49 The plume effectively burns a hole through the overlying crustal plate..and a volcano results. 1992 15 Dec. c13/5 As plumes approach the crust and the Earth's surface, they mushroom outward, melting surrounding rock, gathering it up and pulling it to the surface. 2003 Apr. 47/1 The early volcanism at Etna was apparently fueled by a mantle plume. Compounds C1. a. General attributive. 1868 21 Aug. 8/4 Another sea-fowl shooter had an order from a London house for 10,000 [gulls], all for the ‘plume trade’. 1990 J. G. Mitchell 286 Public reaction against the slaughter of birds for the plume trade was not inconsequential in turning the national head toward wildlife conservation. b. Objective. (a) 1732 H. Baker & J. Miller tr. Molière Cit turn'd Gentleman iii. iv. 99 in II One Thousand Eight Hundred and Thirty Two Livres to your Plume-maker. 1999 (Nexis) 27 Aug. 5 One lone French/Algerian plumemaker, still in Oudtshoorn. (b) 1837 T. Carlyle Diamond Necklace ii, in Jan. 4/2 From plume-bearing aigrette to shoebuckle. 1910 15 July 80/1 The act protects not only egrets and other plume-bearing herons, but..other birds slaughtered for their wings or quills. 1993 32 30 Birds of Paradise are the pre-eminent plume-bearing birds used in decorations. 1820 P. B. Shelley ii. ii. 74 A plume-uplifting wind. 1851 T. A. Buckley tr. Homer iv. 99 But him, plume-waving Hector answered nought. 1885 Sept. 365/1 The blonde plume-waving stranger, whom first the fasting Hiawatha wrestled with. c. Instrumental. 1637 T. Nabbes i. iii. sig. B4 Why in stead Of Plume-crown'd crests weare you not tyres? 1782 H. More ii. 182 And conquest sits upon his plume-crown'd helm! 1991 (Nexis) 13 Jan. 8/1 A triumphant, plume-crowned Indian woman riding a huge alligator. ?1785 G. Wright in R. Blair (new ed.) 14 Dr. Watts, in his Elegy on Mr. Gunston,..elegantly describes the appearance of the plume-decked hearse. 1857 G. W. Thornbury 300 Two crones..Stood by a plume-decked bed. 1996 (Nexis) 9 Aug. a20 Inflatable kangaroos circling plume-decked cockatoo impersonators and Aborigines at Atlanta's Olympiad finale. 1907 at Plume sb. Plume-dressed. 1907 at Plume sb. Plume-embroidered. 1621 R. Brathwait 230 Goats-haire, brests-bare, plume-fronted, fricace-teeth. d. Similative. 1812 W. Tennant iii. v. 54 They turn their plume-soft bosoms to the morn. C2. the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > sulphates > [noun] > alum > feather alum c1425 tr. J. Arderne (Sloane 6) (1910) 54 (MED) Putte in poudre of white glasse and of alum zucaryne, i. alum glasse, or alum plume.] 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault i. xxii. 141 Powder it, with sulphur viuum, adding thereto myrrhe, oyle, and vineger, and a little plume Allome. 1780 J. T. Dillon ii. xiv. 355 The white stone called plume alum, or pseudo asbestus. 1812 J. Smyth ii. 21 Plume Alum is a kind of natural Alum, composed of a sort of threads or fibres, resembling feathers, whence it has its name. 1952 C. Camden vii. 180 Cochineal was mixed with the white of hard-boiled eggs, the milk of green figs, plume alum, and gum Arabic. 1789 tr. J. de Saint-Rémy 209 A pair of girandole earrings, a plume-bearer, a black tortoiseshell box with a circle of brilliants on the lid. 1838 17 July 6/2 Several outriders..took the lead, followed by mutes four abreast, and the plume bearer. 1908 20 Apr. 2/4 In all their travels they have never seen a more enlivening spring sight than the parade of plumes and plume bearers yesterday. 1873 X. 687/1 The plume-birds are natives of New Guinea and New Holland. 1894 28 392 Epimachi (Plume-birds), species that vie in its plumage with the Birds of Paradise, are found only in New Guinea and Salawatti. 1906 6 428 The extermination, throughout this country, of the so-called ‘plume birds’ is now practically complete. 2003 (Nexis) 16 Mar. k1 He was one of four men hired by the Audubon Society to protect plume birds from hunters. 1902 3 May One grows rather tired of the round and plume bouquets and even of the more unusual crooks, parasols and fancy baskets. 1950 4 June 33/1 Both carried white plume bouquets centered with lilies of the valley and starlight roses. 1730 J. Thomson Autumn in 165 Infinite wings! till all the plume-dark air, And white resounding shore are one wild cry. OE tr. Defensor (1969) xliii. 279 Plumarum mollities iuuenilia membra non foueat : plumfeþera hnescnyss geonglice lima na gehlywe. lOE Homily (Tiber. A.iii) in (1885) 8 473 On plum feðerum he lið, ac þeh weðere oft æblæce. On gyldenum beddum he rest, ac oft rædlice gedrefed. 1591 E. Spenser Prosopopoia in 210 Upon his head an old Scotch cap he wore, With a plume feather all to peeces tore. 1878 Aug. 401/1 These plume feathers are..sometimes pure as snow. 1994 20 Nov. d5/5 Back then, it was protesters vs. the fashion of plume feathers worn in women's hats. 1915 E. R. Lankester 27 The transparent glass-like larvæ of the ‘plume fly’ (Corethra) could be seen swimming in the clear water. 1847 G. F. Angas I. 152 Tufts of a gigantic species of plume grass, with sharp-edged leaves, grew in vast quantities upon several of the flats. 1861 A. Wood 807 Erianthus, Plume Grass... Stout, erect grasses, remarkable for their large woolly or silky, tawny panicles. 1950 A. Chase (1971) II. 743 Erianthus Michx. Plumegrass... Perennial reedlike grasses, with elongate flat blades and terminal oblong, usually dense silky panicles. 1966 N. T. Burbidge I. 78 Plume Grass is very common in dry forest and woodland areas and is also found in the mountains. 2003 (Nexis) 22 Aug. 1 f If you have decided to use ornamental grasses, start with any of the tall plume grasses (Miscanthus sinensis), or the mound-shaped Pennisetum. society > armed hostility > military equipment > armour > helmet > [noun] > plume > plume-holder the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > types or styles of clothing > headgear > parts of headgear > [noun] > plume (of feathers, etc.) > that which holds plume 1876 J. R. Planché I. 402 Plume-holder. 1888 9 July 6/6 A casque with plume-holder, embossed with fleur-de-lys. 1988 (Nexis) 18 Apr. 21 These fittings for the coronation saddle of Charles IX in 1607 include saddle mounts and plume holders done in gilt silver. 1915 E. R. Lankester 91 Some [animals] occur in fresh waters (larvæ of gnats, notably of the plume-horned gnat Corethra). the world > food and drink > hunting > fowling > fowler > [noun] > for plumage 1887 28 Aug. 6/2 Plume hunters have destroyed about all the Florida rookeries. 1908 24 Oct. 16/3 In Florida..the Audubon Societies are employing armed warders to protect the remaining egrets against the plume-hunter. 1990 P. Matthiessen (1991) 153 Already the fish was getting few because every creek down in the Islands was crawling with plume hunters and gator skinners. the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > Heterocera > [noun] > family Pterophoridae or Alucitidae > member of 1742 H. Baker xxxviii. 235 The wing of the little Plume Moth is composed of several distinct quills, like those of Birds. 1898 32 596 This paper..may serve the purpose of calling attention to our plume-moths or feather-wings. 1945 21 131 The accounts..of the silver white plume moth, of which Edmund Knyvett made a painting, have the freshness of things described for the first time. 1992 W. T. Parsons & E. G. Cuthbertson 245/1 A pterophorid plume moth, Oidaematophorus beneficus, and a stem-galling trypetid fly, Procecidochares alani, were released. the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > other non-British trees or shrubs > [noun] 1846 J. Lindley 300 Atherospermaceæ—Plume Nutmegs. 1857 A. Henfrey 365 The nuts are enclosed in the tube of the perianth, and the persistent styles grow out into feathery awns, whence the plants are called Plume-nutmegs. the mind > emotion > humility > humiliation > [adjective] 1597 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 99 I come to thee, From plume-pluckt Richard, who with willing soule, Adopts the heire. View more context for this quotation 1794 H. L. Piozzi II. 130 The Roman Eagle as exhibited in vision to Esdras, with his triple crown—feeble and plume-plucked. 1866 C. R. Kennedy 38 The plume-pluckt chief In the humility of manly grief. 1970 10 Dec. ii. 2/7 Adviser Paul McCracken, as angry as a plume-plucked peacock, wanted the President to [etc.]. 1999 (Nexis) 30 Jan. f5 These plume-plucked, petty bureaucrats, should never again be allowed to put their hands directly into the taxpayers' pockets. 1883 W. Robinson (heading) Bocconia cordata (Plume Poppy).—This forms handsome erect tufts from 3 ft. to over 8 ft. high. 1951 G. H. M. Lawrence (1969) 517 Of secondary importance for their ornamental value are scores of species from about 20 genera, especially the Oriental poppy (Papaver orientale)..and plume poppy (Macleaya). 1992 H. Mitchell xii. 235 The point of the plume poppy is its superb leaf, about the size of a cantaloupe (only flat, naturally) with indentations like a mitten for a giant. society > faith > artefacts > implement (general) > other implements > [noun] > prayer-stick 1882 6 Mar. 1/4 The prayers..were addressed directly to the plume-sticks, which were placed one by one in the bottom of the hole, the feathers standing upright. 1917 Apr. 365 Faces are cut on the plume sticks and on the stick for a boy a bit of turquoise blue is painted. 1974 M. Simmons (1980) vii. 126 The plume-offerings deposited by the rain priests near Zuñi and carried by the butterflies attached to the plume-sticks to the great river. 1992 105 473/1 This point is made well in the California section of the exhibition by a Maidu plume stick. 1658 E. Phillips A Plumestriker, a parasite, or flatterer, so called from pulling hairs, or feathers off from other mens Cloakes. the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > according to family > Compositae (composite plants) > [noun] > thistles 1814 J. E. Smith XXXVI. 2562 Cnicus tuberosus. Tuberous Plume-thistle. 1861 S. Thomson (rev. ed.) 245 The welted thistle, and the slender-flowered are both common. The plume-thistles—genus Cnicus—will scarcely be distinguished by our unscientific readers from the last, in general appearance, although the minute differences are well marked. 1903 C. F. A. Saxby (ed. 2) 70 C[nicus] palustris (Marsh Plume Thistle). 1992 S. Prospere iv. 71 Beside me, you are adept at avoiding the plume-thistles That choke the path. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). plumev. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Partly formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: French plumer ; Latin plūmāre ; plume n. Etymology: Partly (in sense 1) < Anglo-Norman plumer to cover with feathers, to provide with feathers (both second half of the 14th cent. or earlier; apparently unparalleled in continental French) or its etymon classical Latin plūmāre to cover with feathers, to embroider in a feathered pattern, (intransitive) to get feathers, to become fledged, in post-classical Latin also to celebrate, to praise (8th cent. in a British source), to pluck (in falconry) (a1150 in a British source), to fledge arrows (1456 in a British source; < plūma plume n.), partly (in sense 3) < Anglo-Norman and Middle French plumer to pluck (a bird) (13th cent. in Old French), to rob (a person) (13th cent.; earlier in sense ‘to pull out (hair, specifically a moustache)’ (c1150 in Old French; < plume plume n.)), and partly < plume n. With sense 3 compare earlier deplume v. Sense 4 is apparently not paralleled in French. Compare Old Occitan plumar (c1150 or earlier; Occitan plumar), Catalan plomar (1340), both earliest in sense ‘to pluck (a bird)’, also in figurative use ‘to rob, denude, despoil (a person)’, Italian †piumare to pluck (a bird) (13th cent.), and also Middle Dutch plūmen to pluck (a bird), (figurative) to rob (people) (Dutch (now regional (chiefly Flanders)) pluimen), Middle Low German plūmen to pluck, to provide with feathers. In Middle English prefixed and unprefixed forms of the past participle are attested (see y- prefix). The β forms show reverse spellings after the homophones plumb v., plumb n.1 1. the world > animals > animal body > general parts > covering or skin > [verb (transitive)] > provide with feathers the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > ornament [verb (transitive)] > ornament with plumes or feathers J. Metham (1916) 554 (MED) Vndyr this harpe the Sqwan, that to Jouys dyd perteyne, Was plumyd with oryent margarytys. c1500 (?a1437) (1939) xciv (MED) In a chiere of estate..all plumyt bot his face, There sawe I sitt the blynd god Cupide. 1592 R. Greene (new ed.) sig. Biijv Report is plumed with Times feathers. 1638 J. Roberts sig. A4 The Ensignes were gorgeously suted, being proper men of person, with their Head-pieces plumed. 1674 C. Cotton xxxviii. 210 Let your Hen be of a good complexion, that is to say, rightly plumed, as black, brown, speckt, gray, grissel, or yellowish. 1679 W. Thomas 40 If you interpret it figuratively for those that are not plumed with pride, not envenomed with rancor. 1703 P. Paxton vii. 473 Gavestone returned, is plumed with Honours, and entrusted with the Management of all Affairs of State. 1754 M. Delany (1862) 2nd Ser. 285 How many girls, that have plumed, and tiffed, perhaps turned down their hats, for him, will be disappointed! 1801 J. Strutt ii. i. 54 It was necessary..to have several arrows.., plumed with feathers from different wings, to suit the diversity of the winds. 1832 Ld. Tennyson Œnone in (new ed.) 62 My dark tall pines, that plumed the craggy ledge High over the blue gorge. 1891 T. Hardy I. xviii. 239 The two chimney crooks dangling down from the cross-bar, plumed with soot. 1957 D. K. Haynes in 4 16 The green was neglected, great silver tufts pluming the posts, and the brick path weedy and broken. 1987 A. Perry (1991) vii. 157 The hearse, of course, was provided by the undertaker and was draped and plumed as always. the mind > attention and judgement > beautification > types of ornamentation > ornament [verb (transitive)] > ornament with plumes or feathers > set as a plume 1667 J. Milton iv. 989 His stature reacht the Skie, and on his Crest Sat horror Plum'd . View more context for this quotation †2. the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > action of hawk > [verb (intransitive)] > pluck the feathers of prey a1450 Treat. Falconry (Durham Record Office D/X/76/7) l. 62 in (1972) 4 24 (MED) Tak þi thombe and strek þe skyn fro þe neke, and pull þe nek fro þe body..qwyll þi hawke plumes on þe partrik. a1475 Bk. Hawking (Harl. 2340) in (1944) 16 10 (MED) While the hauke plumyth on þe pertrich. 1575 G. Turberville 125 Lette hir grype and seaze the praye at hir pleasure. And lette hir also plume therevpon as long as she will. 1577 J. Grange sig. Kij A stale pigeon was to good or at the least might very well serue a carion Kite to plume vpon. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault vii. xliii. 872 It is good to make them plume vpon small birds, as they did in the woods. 1668 J. Dryden iii. i. 30 Look, how he peeps about, to see if the Coast be clear; like an Hawk that will not plume if she be look'd on. 1575 G. Fenton f. 92v Being so possest by straunge women, where they haue no possibilitie to marie with you, they will..plumbe vppon you till they haue left you neither fether nor flesh. 1576 W. Lambarde 275 The same as a hawk is one of these at the Sea in a Nauie of Common vessels, beeing able to make hauocke, to plume, and to pray vpon the best of them at her owne pleasure. 1580 A. Saker ii. 60 Then will they [sc. women] plumbe vppon thee like a Hauke, and crowe ouer thee like a Cocke of the Game. 1617 J. Davies sig. F5 I see great men thou drawst; and smile to see How thou dost plume on them, and they on thee. 3. the world > food and drink > hunting > hawking > action of hawk > [verb (transitive)] > pluck feathers from prey the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare c1450 (c1405) (BL Add. 41666) (1936) 153 (MED) Piez with a papegeay parlid of oones, And were y-plumed and y-pullid and put into a caige. a1500 (?c1450) 169 (MED) Sir stiwarde, take these briddes..now may ye plume, and as gladly mote the kynge hem ete as I it hym yeve. 1525 Bp. J. Clerk in H. Ellis (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 311 He wold have a Kyng in Fraunce styll; but so plumyd that..his neighburs myght lyve in rest. 1599 T. Moffett 21 No Caterpillers..To rauish leaues, or tender buddes to plume. 1607 T. Heywood sig. B2v Now she hath ceazd the Fowle, and gins to plume hir Rebeck her not. 1631 B. Jonson Divell is Asse iv. iv. 43 in II Madame, you take your Hen, Plume it, and skin it, cleanse it o' the inwards. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis xi, in tr. Virgil 570 The falcon..Trusses in middle air the trembling dove, Then plumes the prey, in her strong pounces bound. 1704 at Hawks When she has plumed and broken the Fowl a little, feed her up. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth xii, in 2nd Ser. I. 326 I will so pluck him as never hawk plumed a partridge. 1852 R. F. Burton vi. 67 A few victims..which she is allowed to..tire and plume as much as she pleases. 1955 D. A. Bannerman IV. 212 Birds must be ‘plumed’ as a pellet containing bird-remains never has the complete complement of feathers. the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > uncover or remove covering from [verb (transitive)] > strip or make bare > strip of feathers or plumes 1525 Bp. J. Clerk in H. Ellis (1827) 2nd Ser. I. 309 Ther shold be fownd manye ryght mean powars in Italy that wold plume his fethers. 1641 T. Heywood 42 By his pluming and shaking off the Eagles feathers, was his great victory over the Romans foretold. 1681 J. Dryden 29 A numerous Faction..In Sanhedrins to plume the Regal Rights. 1773 J. Campbell 158 When she has brought it down, go gently round her, while she is pluming the feathers off it. the mind > possession > taking > stealing or theft > robbery > spoliation or depredation > despoil or prey upon [verb (transitive)] 1571 in J. Cranstoun (1891) I. xxviii. 82 Without respect to God or feir of faith, Plumand, but pietie I did oppres the pure. 1598 J. Dickenson To Rdr. sig. A4v Whether the gredy Corne-hoorders be not generally cursed, euen there also, for pluming so the silly ghosts before hand, that when they come thither they are not able to discharge the dueties of the house. 1622 F. Bacon 111 To say ‘That the King cared not to plume his Nobilitie and People, to feather himselfe’. 1668 J. Dryden ii. v. 21 One whom instead of banishing a day, You should have plum'd of all his borrow'd honours. 1760 iii. v One of the ladies who had the day before so finely plumed our missionaries. 4. the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (reflexive)] > preen 1486 sig. bviiv (MED) When she [sc. a hawk] begynnyth to penne and plumyth and spalchith and pikith her selfe, Putt hir in a cloose, warme place. 1575 G. Turberville 318 They plume themselues oftentimes, yea, & the pendant feathers of their thighes..fal off voluntarily. 1703 tr. G. P. Marana (ed. 5) III. 285 I Die with Pleasure, Pluming and Preparing my self daily, as one ready to take Wing for a more Happy Region. 1707 J. Mortimer (1721) I. 264 Swans..being a large Fowl, must not be kept in a strait place,..but in some inclosed Pond where they may have room to come ashore and plume themselves. 1854 H. D. Thoreau 203 A duck plumes itself, or, as I have said, a swallow skims so low as to touch it [sc. the surface of the pond]. 1864 C. Dickens (1865) I. i. xi. 108 Like a veritable cock of the walk literally pluming himself in the midst of his possessions. 1885 A. Brassey 137 The ‘Johnny Crows’..fluff and plume and dust themselves without cessation. 1937 W. Stone (2000) 82 Another individual in full nuptial plumage was seen as early as March 23, 1925, which stood upright in the water to plume itself. the world > animals > birds > actions or bird defined by > [verb (transitive)] > preen 1637 J. Milton 13 She plumes her feathers, and lets grow her wings. a1764 R. Lloyd (1774) I. 151 While eager genius plumes her infant wings, And with bold impulse strikes th' accordant strings. ?1787 W. F. Mavor I. at Blackbird These birds are extremely ambitious of pluming their feathers. 1859 G. Meredith I. xv. 215 Pluming a smile upon his succulent mouth. 1867 ‘Ouida’ 19 Herons plumed their silvery wings by the water-side. 1874 J. L. Motley I. v. 273 And calumny plumed her wings for a fresh attack. 1924 W. F. Badè I. iv. 116 Even at this time..the young naturalist was pluming his wings for a long flight. 1998 (Nexis) 12 Apr. 4 f Delap admired the bird as it clambered out on the ice and plumed its feathers next to a mallard pair. the world > action or operation > behaviour > affected behaviour or affectation > act affectedly [verb (reflexive)] a1556 T. Cranmer (1580) 167 You..stale from him all his thanck and glory, like vnto Esops choughe, which plumed himselfe with other birds fethers.] 1637 P. Heylyn i. iii. 82 You..suffer them to plume themselves with the Bishops feathers. 1671 G. Thomson 2 A meerly Sermocinal self-conceited Dogmatist, pluming himself with the gay outside of various Languages. 1745 J. Parsons Crounian Lect. 12 in (Royal Soc.) 43 Authors..who, by pluming themselves with his Feathers, had monopolized much..Attention. 1763 C. Johnstone (new ed.) II. 144 When he has plumed himself in the merit of them for a while, I'll strip the gawdy daw of his stolen feathers. 1795 W. Beloe tr. Aulus Gellius I. i. ii. 9 Why did you plume yourself with what is not your own? Why did you call yourself a Stoic? 2002 (Nexis) 9 June (Book Review section) 6 [He] is only too happy to indulge the Russian's pitiful desire to plume himself in the cloak of a world leader on equal footing. 6. To take credit to or congratulate oneself, esp. with regard to something trivial, unworthy, or to which one has no claim; to indulge in self-congratulation. Frequently with on (also for, over, etc.). the mind > emotion > pride > be or become proud [verb (reflexive)] 1643 Sir T. Browne (authorized ed.) ii. §8 I have seen a Grammarian towr and plume himself over a single line in Horace, and shew more pride in the construction of one Ode, than the Author in the composure of the whole book. View more context for this quotation 1681 J. Glanvill v. 43 How will the young Witlings pride, and plume themselves? 1699 R. Bentley (new ed.) 388 Admiring and pluming himself for that glorious Emendation. a1716 R. South (1717) VI. 118 Pluming and praising himself, and telling fullsom Stories in his own Commendation. 1756 C. Lucas ii. 58 Some gentlemen..have plumed themselves upon introducing a more frequent use of sea water. 1777 S. J. Pratt V. cvi. 96 I see nothing wherein to plume ourselves, as to that prerogative. 1823 T. Jefferson (1830) IV. 265 The atheist here plumes himself on the uselessness of such a God. 1872 ‘S. Coolidge’ iv. 49 Dorry began to rather plume himself for fastening them in. a1902 F. Norris (1903) x All the woman in her preened and plumed herself in the consciousness of the power of her beauty. 1953 J. Y. Cousteau i. 9 We plumed ourselves at the thought that we latecomers could attain the working depths of pearl and sponge divers who had made their first plunges as infants. 1991 8 Sept. 6/2 Harkhuf, a senior scribe at Thebes, complacently plumes himself on an innovation he has come up with. the mind > emotion > pride > be proud [verb (intransitive)] 1685 J. Norris 6 [He] knew how prone humane nature is to swell and plume upon a Conceit of its own excellencies. 1691 J. Dunton II. ix. 113 Don't be so brisk, cries another wise, grum Fellow that sees me pluming and cocking. 1707 T. Hearne 30 Aug. (O.H.S.) II. 39 A certain Gent..plumes a little. 1715 M. Davies 140 Our modern Arians plum'd also upon the unnecessary Heats of two English Doctors. 1753 M. Delany (1861) III. 221 Mrs. C. plumes extremely upon it. 1880 [implied in: T. G. Hake 5 She answers not, but seems to ask the sea And darkly pluming cloud. (at pluming adj.)]. 1922 J. Joyce ii. viii. [Lestrygonians] 145 A puffball of smoke plumed up from the parapet. 1941 9 Sept. 1/7 In one district alone 50 fires were said to be sending up a column of smoke pluming several thousand feet into the sky. 1987 J. Hodgins (1989) iii. 137 Blue exhaust plumed out from twin vertical pipes, both rusty. 2003 (Nexis) 7 Nov. d12 We pulled onto a gravel road and grey dust plumed up behind us, obscuring the view in the rear-view mirror. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.OE v.1449 |
