plungingn.

Brit.

/ˈplʌn(d)ʒɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpləndʒɪŋ/

Forms: see plunge v. and -ing suffix¹; also Scottish pre-1700 plungeing.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plunge v., -ing suffix¹.

Etymology: < plunge v. + -ing suffix¹.

1. The action of diving or falling into water; the action of immersing someone or something in water (formerly spec. during baptism); an instance of this. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > kinds of baptism > by immersion > [noun]

bathc885

plunginga1398

immersiona1631

tinction1657

mersion1659

immersionism1845

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > diving into water

diving1398

plunge1615

dive1700

plunging1883

a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 149 The coote hatte mergulus and haþ þat name of ofte dompinge & plongynge [L. ab assiduitate mergendi], and ofte puttiþ doun his heed into þe watir.

a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 609 Whenne þou comest to þe plungynge.

a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 12839 ‘Castrimargia’ ys ploungyn doun Off mussellys by submercioun.

a1533 J. Frith Mirroure (?1536) The sign in baptism, is the plunging down in the material water, and lifting up again.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Submersion, a submersion, plunging, sinking.

1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 318 In respect also of which plungings and overwhelmings with sufferings their sufferings are Metaphorically stiled a baptism.

1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 218 I ask'd them, how daily Dipping and Plunging did avail them?

1792 E. Clark Lett. New Test. Dispensation & Christian Baptism iv. 45 If..plunging is baptism, sprinkling is not.

1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. vi. 85 The plunging of some small body in the water from among the neighbouring bulrushes.

1883 I. L. Bishop in Leisure Hour 143/1 At times..came huge plungings, with accompanying splashings.

1985 Times 14 May 20/3 The plunging of a pacific and sophisticated intelligentsia into war.

1998 Western Daily Press (Bristol) (Nexis) 14 Mar. 15 There I could see curlews, bills black from repeated plungings into the glutinous silt.

2. The action of pitching or rushing suddenly forwards or downwards, esp. (chiefly of a horse) the action of tossing the body or neck forwards or downwards in an agitated manner (cf. plunge v. 2a); an instance of this. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > plunging

immersionc1450

plunging?1507

immersement1828

?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 The cappill..Sa curtasly the cart drawis and kennis na plungeing.

a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 405 The Inglischemen..had the Scottis men in plunging [v.rr. playing; pingling] be thair..skirmisching.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 93 A Mare..which..was naturally giuen to this vice of plunging.

1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman i. i. 2 The horse..never gave ouer flinging, yarking, plunging, and bownding.

1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell 248 So much were the Horses Motions and Plunging more than ordinarily violent.

1791 A. M. Mackenzie Danish Massacre I. 117 The continual plungings of the fiery horses.

1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick ix. 49 With conscience yet pricking him, as the plungings of the Roman race-horse but so much the more strike his steel tags into him.

1885 H. R. Haggard Witch's Head xxxiii Presently from the stables there arose a sound of kicking, plunging, and wohohing impossible to describe.

1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop i. 11 The vile oaths of the men, the continual racket and banging of doors, the plunging of the terrified young sheep.

2000 S. Connor Dumbstruck vi. 154 The heavings, plungings, and liftings of her body, which required the assistance of strong men to hold her in one place.

3. colloquial. Excessive or reckless gambling.

ΚΠ

1886 Fortn. Rev. Mar. 319 ‘Plunging’ was the order of the day, and lansquenet was the game at which most of this..was done.

1902 N. Gubbins Dead Certainties 34 Like too many of our golden youth, though, he was somewhat addicted to ‘plunging’.

1993 Globe & Mail Rep. on Business Apr. 17/1 Feckless plunging on real estate and stock-pyramiding schemes in the pre-Depression Roaring Twenties.

4. The action of using a plunger.

ΚΠ

1923 J. F. Gairns Railways for All xviii. 179 Sykes' ‘Lock and Block’ instruments..are operated by pressing a knob or plunger, hence the term ‘plunging’ used to describe their working by the signalmen.

1986 E. Hall in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) iii. ix. 442 If plunging fails to clear the blockage gain access to the trap.

Compounds

C1. General attributive, as plunging-hole, plunging-pit, plunging system, etc.

ΚΠ

1860 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn (ed. 2) xlvi Standing upon the plunging-stage Adamically, without a rag upon him.

1871 S. Hibberd Amateur's Flower Garden xiii. 238 The object of the plunging system is to keep up a rich display of flowers or leaves on the same spot the whole year round.

1882 Garden 21 Jan. 49/2 Plants of two or three sorts should be selected from the cold plunging pits.

1907 N.E.D. at Plunging vbl. sb. Plunging bath, -hole.

1966 News Jrnl. (Mansfield, Ohio) 23 Feb. 14/3 They go in for ambushes, mines and booby traps. One of their favorites is called a plunging pit.

1991 Which? Oct. 562/2 The plunging action should create enough pressure to clear the blockage.

C2.

plunging bath n. now chiefly historical = plunge bath n. at plunge n. Compounds 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > plunge-bath

plunging bath1796

plunge bath1827

plunge1857

1796 H. Wansey Jrnl. Excursion to U.S. 108 They are chalybeate springs; there is one hot bath, four plunging, and two shower baths.

1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) iii. 21 Strangers..usually dived in head-first, as into a plunging-bath.

1988 Jrnl. Amer. Hist. 74 1215 Baths had been installed on the banks of the Schuylkill..in 1791, with two shower baths, a plunging bath in which the body was totally immersed in cold water, and a bowling green.

† plunging battery n. Obsolete rare a form of battery in which the metal plates are plunged into the electrolyte when the battery is in use, and withdrawn when it is not.

ΚΠ

1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1752/1 Plunging-battery,..a battery so arranged that the plates may be readily lowered into their cells, or raised therefrom when not required for use.

plunging siphon n. rare a small, narrow tube with open ends, which is immersed in a fluid up to the desired level and the free end closed with a finger, so that when the tube is withdrawn a partial vacuum is created at the closed end and the fluid in the tube at the other end is lifted out, held in the tube by air pressure from below.

ΚΠ

1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 842/2 Plunging siphon, an instrument, used in pharmacy for obtaining a specimen..of any liquid... It is a form of the pipette.

1948 U.S. Patent 4,471,783 The additional manufacturing step consists in filling the free space left between the case..and the fluid-tight cell..with a suitable liquid electrolyte..with the assistance of a plunging-siphon.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

plungingadj.

Brit.

/ˈplʌn(d)ʒɪŋ/, U.S.

/ˈpləndʒɪŋ/

Forms: see plunge v. and -ing suffix².

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plunge v., -ing suffix².

Etymology: < plunge v. + -ing suffix².

1. Diving; rushing or falling forward or downward; pitching; sinking or falling steeply.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > plunging head first

headya1382

plunging1538

headlong1562

pitching1749

head-foremost1839

head first1866

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [adjective] > rearing or plunging

plunging1538

floundering1592

rearing1851

1538 T. Elyot Dict. Sternax, a steerynge or ploungynge horse.

1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Sternax equus, a plungyng hors that casteth his ridar.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 428 All my dayly solace, was sincke down comfort; whiles Boggy-plunging deepes kissing my horse belly.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 334 Hardly his Head, the plunging Pilot rears.

1780 T. Maurice Poems 14 Down whose grey sides the plunging waters sweep.

1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa xvii. 676 The steeds rush on in plunging pride.

1875 H. James Passionate Pilgrim 236 She sat on an ivied stone, on the edge of a plunging wall.

1885 W. Black White Heather v In the darkened and plunging waters.

1912 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 6 Jan. A new low mark..was made by plunging temperatures when the government thermometer showed 28 degrees below zero.

1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill i. 27 The rushing becks and plunging waterfalls coloured brown with peat.

1991 B. Howell Dandelion Days (BNC) 201 Suddenly the river was full of plunging bodies going to the rescue.

2004 Observer 18 Jan. i. 13/1 An industry reeling from plunging prices and a health scare that has tarnished the reputation of Scottish fish worldwide.

†2. figurative. Piercing; overwhelming, overpowering; wild, impetuous. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > suddenness > [adjective]

ferlyc893

sudden1340

subitane?a1425

subite?1483

starting1545

plunging1566

abrupt1576

subitany1603

subitaneous1645

surprising1645

subitous1657

extempore1755

extemporary1761

the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > [adjective] > rash or reckless > specifically of actions, feelings, etc.

recklessOE

racklec1405

savagec1425

rash1533

hot-brained1556

rashful1567

blindfold1593

lavish1600

wretchless1607

blind1615

hand over head1682

wild goose1770

plunging1798

wild cat1890

(like a) bull at a (five-barred) gate1896

1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Medea f. 31 Wyth frantick fyts, mad, bedlem wise agaynst the Gods to rayle, And eke bewytched gohstes of heauen in plungyng plagues to trayle.

1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 10 Most greedy gripes with plunging paines, doe pierce my ruthfull hart.

1798 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. IV (ed. 7) 442 His unbridled licence of language, and his plunging desperate doctrines.

3. Of artillery or rifle fire: directed downwards from a higher level. Esp. in plunging fire, plunging shot. Cf. plunge v. 3b.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing

point and blank1590

false fire1602

potting1613

point-blank1614

running fire1629

pounding1633

bulleting1635

platooning1706

sharp-shot1725

street firing1727

ricochet1740

fire curtain1744

plunging fire1747

reverse fire1758

sniping1773

enfilade1796

rapid fire1800

line-firing1802

concentric1804

sharpshooting1806

rake1810

sniping fire1821

cross-firing1837

file-firing1837

curved fire1854

night firing1856

file-fire1857

volley-firing1859

cross-fire1860

joy-firing1864

snap-shooting1872

stringing1873

pot-shooting1874

indirect fire1879

sweeping1907

rapid1913

curtain of fire1916

ripple1939

ripple-firing1940

ripple fire1961

1747 tr. M. Maigret Treat. Safety & Maintenance States 278 Greatly exposed to the plunging fire of the enemy both on the front and flanks, as soon as they have gain'd the head of the parapet.

1761 J. Call in R. O. Cambridge Acct. War in India 173 The old curtain wall..is a good deal shattered..by the plunging shot from the enemy's west battery.

1846 G. G. Meade Let. 27 Sept. in Life & Lett. (1913) I. 133 In passing along the road we had been subjected to a plunging fire from two pieces on the top of ‘Independence Hill’.

1891 Cent. Mag. July 357 The Indians held the sharp crests of the steep hills, and were delivering a plunging fire into the troops.

1902 Perry (Iowa) Daily Chief 13 July Unless the boat be so close as to give a strongly plunging shot.

1974 A. Price Other Paths to Glory i. vii. 87 It was too strong to be attacked,..safe from everything except plunging fire.

2000 C. Lamb in G. Astor Bloody Forest xiv. 296 The slope of the hill and our position on it made us the victims of plunging artillery fire.

4. Geology. Of a fold or other linear feature: having an axis that slopes or dips downwards; sloping or dipping downwards. Cf. plunge v. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > fold or dip > [adjective] > arrangement of axis

recumbent1895

syntactic1904

plunging1905

syntaxial1931

1905 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. I. viii. 483 Fig. 403 shows a doubly plunging anticline; that is, an anticline the axis of which dips down at either end.

1942 M. P. Billings Struct. Geol. iii. 44 Although the larger plunging folds cannot be directly observed, they are easily recognized from their outcrop pattern.

1992 Geol. Mag. 129 628/1 Thus, steeply dipping kink bands (where the intersection is steeply plunging) have sinistral or dextral offsets and gently dipping kink bands (with shallowly plunging intersections) have normal or reverse offsets.

1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 127 The peridotite body forms a SE-plunging antiformal dome, faulted along its northern margin.

5. Of the neckline of a woman's garment: very low-cut. Esp. in plunging neckline.

ΘΚΠ

the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering or next to neck > neck-line > types of

décolletage1894

décolletée1907

V-neck1910

boat neckline1921

boat neck1922

bateau line1923

halter neck(line)1935

jewel neckline1935

crew neckline1939

jewel neck1940

plunging neckline1940

plunge neckline1941

scoop neck1953

scooped neckline1956

sabrina neckline1959

sweetheart neck1965

1940 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 7 Sept. 12/2 The black jersey molded bodice illustrates a new fall fashion note—the ‘plunging neckline’.

1959 Sunday Express 22 Nov. 6/6 I do wish Mr. Braine could tear his eyes away from girls' provocative, plunging necklines.

1978 Vogue 1 Mar. 131 Short-sleeved blouse..with deep, plunging V-neck.

2004 Asiana Autumn 170 Designs that went from modest casualwear to the daring J-Lo cut with plunging neck and backlines in the blink of an eye.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	plunging
释义	plungingn. Brit. /ˈplʌn(d)ʒɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpləndʒɪŋ/ Forms: see plunge v. and -ing suffix¹; also Scottish pre-1700 plungeing. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plunge v., -ing suffix¹. Etymology: < plunge v. + -ing suffix¹. 1. The action of diving or falling into water; the action of immersing someone or something in water (formerly spec. during baptism); an instance of this. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > kinds of baptism > by immersion > [noun] bathc885 plunginga1398 immersiona1631 tinction1657 mersion1659 immersionism1845 the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > diving into water diving1398 plunge1615 dive1700 plunging1883 a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add.) f. 149 The coote hatte mergulus and haþ þat name of ofte dompinge & plongynge [L. ab assiduitate mergendi], and ofte puttiþ doun his heed into þe watir. a1450 (?a1390) J. Mirk Instr. Parish Priests (Claud.) (1974) 609 Whenne þou comest to þe plungynge. a1475 (?a1430) J. Lydgate tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage Life Man (Vitell.) 12839 ‘Castrimargia’ ys ploungyn doun Off mussellys by submercioun. a1533 J. Frith Mirroure (?1536) The sign in baptism, is the plunging down in the material water, and lifting up again. 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Submersion, a submersion, plunging, sinking. 1653 S. Fisher Παιδοβαπτιζοντες Παιδιζοντες: Baby-baptism 318 In respect also of which plungings and overwhelmings with sufferings their sufferings are Metaphorically stiled a baptism. 1719 J. T. Philipps tr. B. Ziegenbalg Thirty-four Confer. 218 I ask'd them, how daily Dipping and Plunging did avail them? 1792 E. Clark Lett. New Test. Dispensation & Christian Baptism iv. 45 If..plunging is baptism, sprinkling is not. 1860 ‘G. Eliot’ Mill on Floss I. i. vi. 85 The plunging of some small body in the water from among the neighbouring bulrushes. 1883 I. L. Bishop in Leisure Hour 143/1 At times..came huge plungings, with accompanying splashings. 1985 Times 14 May 20/3 The plunging of a pacific and sophisticated intelligentsia into war. 1998 Western Daily Press (Bristol) (Nexis) 14 Mar. 15 There I could see curlews, bills black from repeated plungings into the glutinous silt. 2. The action of pitching or rushing suddenly forwards or downwards, esp. (chiefly of a horse) the action of tossing the body or neck forwards or downwards in an agitated manner (cf. plunge v. 2a); an instance of this. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [noun] > plunging immersionc1450 plunging?1507 immersement1828 ?1507 W. Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen (Rouen) in Poems (1998) I. 50 The cappill..Sa curtasly the cart drawis and kennis na plungeing. a1578 R. Lindsay Hist. & Cron. Scotl. (1899) I. 405 The Inglischemen..had the Scottis men in plunging [v.rr. playing; pingling] be thair..skirmisching. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. 93 A Mare..which..was naturally giuen to this vice of plunging. 1639 T. de Gray Compl. Horseman i. i. 2 The horse..never gave ouer flinging, yarking, plunging, and bownding. 1720 Hist. Life & Adventures D. Campbell 248 So much were the Horses Motions and Plunging more than ordinarily violent. 1791 A. M. Mackenzie Danish Massacre I. 117 The continual plungings of the fiery horses. 1851 H. Melville Moby-Dick ix. 49 With conscience yet pricking him, as the plungings of the Roman race-horse but so much the more strike his steel tags into him. 1885 H. R. Haggard Witch's Head xxxiii Presently from the stables there arose a sound of kicking, plunging, and wohohing impossible to describe. 1926 J. Devanny Butcher Shop i. 11 The vile oaths of the men, the continual racket and banging of doors, the plunging of the terrified young sheep. 2000 S. Connor Dumbstruck vi. 154 The heavings, plungings, and liftings of her body, which required the assistance of strong men to hold her in one place. 3. colloquial. Excessive or reckless gambling. ΚΠ 1886 Fortn. Rev. Mar. 319 ‘Plunging’ was the order of the day, and lansquenet was the game at which most of this..was done. 1902 N. Gubbins Dead Certainties 34 Like too many of our golden youth, though, he was somewhat addicted to ‘plunging’. 1993 Globe & Mail Rep. on Business Apr. 17/1 Feckless plunging on real estate and stock-pyramiding schemes in the pre-Depression Roaring Twenties. 4. The action of using a plunger. ΚΠ 1923 J. F. Gairns Railways for All xviii. 179 Sykes' ‘Lock and Block’ instruments..are operated by pressing a knob or plunger, hence the term ‘plunging’ used to describe their working by the signalmen. 1986 E. Hall in A. Limon et al. Home Owner Man. (ed. 2) iii. ix. 442 If plunging fails to clear the blockage gain access to the trap. Compounds C1. General attributive, as plunging-hole, plunging-pit, plunging system, etc. ΚΠ 1860 H. Kingsley Recoll. G. Hamlyn (ed. 2) xlvi Standing upon the plunging-stage Adamically, without a rag upon him. 1871 S. Hibberd Amateur's Flower Garden xiii. 238 The object of the plunging system is to keep up a rich display of flowers or leaves on the same spot the whole year round. 1882 Garden 21 Jan. 49/2 Plants of two or three sorts should be selected from the cold plunging pits. 1907 N.E.D. at Plunging vbl. sb. Plunging bath, -hole. 1966 News Jrnl. (Mansfield, Ohio) 23 Feb. 14/3 They go in for ambushes, mines and booby traps. One of their favorites is called a plunging pit. 1991 Which? Oct. 562/2 The plunging action should create enough pressure to clear the blockage. C2. plunging bath n. now chiefly historical = plunge bath n. at plunge n. Compounds 1. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > cleanness and dirtiness > cleaning > washing > washing oneself or body > [noun] > bathing > a bath > plunge-bath plunging bath1796 plunge bath1827 plunge1857 1796 H. Wansey Jrnl. Excursion to U.S. 108 They are chalybeate springs; there is one hot bath, four plunging, and two shower baths. 1843 C. Dickens Martin Chuzzlewit (1844) iii. 21 Strangers..usually dived in head-first, as into a plunging-bath. 1988 Jrnl. Amer. Hist. 74 1215 Baths had been installed on the banks of the Schuylkill..in 1791, with two shower baths, a plunging bath in which the body was totally immersed in cold water, and a bowling green. † plunging battery n. Obsolete rare a form of battery in which the metal plates are plunged into the electrolyte when the battery is in use, and withdrawn when it is not. ΚΠ 1875 E. H. Knight Amer. Mech. Dict. III. 1752/1 Plunging-battery,..a battery so arranged that the plates may be readily lowered into their cells, or raised therefrom when not required for use. plunging siphon n. rare a small, narrow tube with open ends, which is immersed in a fluid up to the desired level and the free end closed with a finger, so that when the tube is withdrawn a partial vacuum is created at the closed end and the fluid in the tube at the other end is lifted out, held in the tube by air pressure from below. ΚΠ 1857 R. Dunglison Med. Lexicon (rev. ed.) 842/2 Plunging siphon, an instrument, used in pharmacy for obtaining a specimen..of any liquid... It is a form of the pipette. 1948 U.S. Patent 4,471,783 The additional manufacturing step consists in filling the free space left between the case..and the fluid-tight cell..with a suitable liquid electrolyte..with the assistance of a plunging-siphon. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). plungingadj. Brit. /ˈplʌn(d)ʒɪŋ/, U.S. /ˈpləndʒɪŋ/ Forms: see plunge v. and -ing suffix². Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: plunge v., -ing suffix². Etymology: < plunge v. + -ing suffix². 1. Diving; rushing or falling forward or downward; pitching; sinking or falling steeply. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > downward motion > [adjective] > plunging head first headya1382 plunging1538 headlong1562 pitching1749 head-foremost1839 head first1866 the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > habits and actions of horse > [adjective] > rearing or plunging plunging1538 floundering1592 rearing1851 1538 T. Elyot Dict. Sternax, a steerynge or ploungynge horse. 1548 T. Cooper Bibliotheca Eliotæ (rev. ed.) Sternax equus, a plungyng hors that casteth his ridar. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 428 All my dayly solace, was sincke down comfort; whiles Boggy-plunging deepes kissing my horse belly. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Æneis v, in tr. Virgil Wks. 334 Hardly his Head, the plunging Pilot rears. 1780 T. Maurice Poems 14 Down whose grey sides the plunging waters sweep. 1819 Ld. Byron Mazeppa xvii. 676 The steeds rush on in plunging pride. 1875 H. James Passionate Pilgrim 236 She sat on an ivied stone, on the edge of a plunging wall. 1885 W. Black White Heather v In the darkened and plunging waters. 1912 Sheboygan (Wisconsin) Press 6 Jan. A new low mark..was made by plunging temperatures when the government thermometer showed 28 degrees below zero. 1952 T. Armstrong Adam Brunskill i. 27 The rushing becks and plunging waterfalls coloured brown with peat. 1991 B. Howell Dandelion Days (BNC) 201 Suddenly the river was full of plunging bodies going to the rescue. 2004 Observer 18 Jan. i. 13/1 An industry reeling from plunging prices and a health scare that has tarnished the reputation of Scottish fish worldwide. †2. figurative. Piercing; overwhelming, overpowering; wild, impetuous. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > suddenness > [adjective] ferlyc893 sudden1340 subitane?a1425 subite?1483 starting1545 plunging1566 abrupt1576 subitany1603 subitaneous1645 surprising1645 subitous1657 extempore1755 extemporary1761 the world > action or operation > manner of action > carelessness > incautiousness > [adjective] > rash or reckless > specifically of actions, feelings, etc. recklessOE racklec1405 savagec1425 rash1533 hot-brained1556 rashful1567 blindfold1593 lavish1600 wretchless1607 blind1615 hand over head1682 wild goose1770 plunging1798 wild cat1890 (like a) bull at a (five-barred) gate1896 1566 J. Studley tr. Seneca Medea f. 31 Wyth frantick fyts, mad, bedlem wise agaynst the Gods to rayle, And eke bewytched gohstes of heauen in plungyng plagues to trayle. 1568 T. Howell Arbor of Amitie f. 10 Most greedy gripes with plunging paines, doe pierce my ruthfull hart. 1798 T. J. Mathias Pursuits of Lit.: Pt. IV (ed. 7) 442 His unbridled licence of language, and his plunging desperate doctrines. 3. Of artillery or rifle fire: directed downwards from a higher level. Esp. in plunging fire, plunging shot. Cf. plunge v. 3b. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > military equipment > operation and use of weapons > action of propelling missile > discharge of firearms > [noun] > type of firing point and blank1590 false fire1602 potting1613 point-blank1614 running fire1629 pounding1633 bulleting1635 platooning1706 sharp-shot1725 street firing1727 ricochet1740 fire curtain1744 plunging fire1747 reverse fire1758 sniping1773 enfilade1796 rapid fire1800 line-firing1802 concentric1804 sharpshooting1806 rake1810 sniping fire1821 cross-firing1837 file-firing1837 curved fire1854 night firing1856 file-fire1857 volley-firing1859 cross-fire1860 joy-firing1864 snap-shooting1872 stringing1873 pot-shooting1874 indirect fire1879 sweeping1907 rapid1913 curtain of fire1916 ripple1939 ripple-firing1940 ripple fire1961 1747 tr. M. Maigret Treat. Safety & Maintenance States 278 Greatly exposed to the plunging fire of the enemy both on the front and flanks, as soon as they have gain'd the head of the parapet. 1761 J. Call in R. O. Cambridge Acct. War in India 173 The old curtain wall..is a good deal shattered..by the plunging shot from the enemy's west battery. 1846 G. G. Meade Let. 27 Sept. in Life & Lett. (1913) I. 133 In passing along the road we had been subjected to a plunging fire from two pieces on the top of ‘Independence Hill’. 1891 Cent. Mag. July 357 The Indians held the sharp crests of the steep hills, and were delivering a plunging fire into the troops. 1902 Perry (Iowa) Daily Chief 13 July Unless the boat be so close as to give a strongly plunging shot. 1974 A. Price Other Paths to Glory i. vii. 87 It was too strong to be attacked,..safe from everything except plunging fire. 2000 C. Lamb in G. Astor Bloody Forest xiv. 296 The slope of the hill and our position on it made us the victims of plunging artillery fire. 4. Geology. Of a fold or other linear feature: having an axis that slopes or dips downwards; sloping or dipping downwards. Cf. plunge v. 5. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > structural features > fold or dip > [adjective] > arrangement of axis recumbent1895 syntactic1904 plunging1905 syntaxial1931 1905 T. C. Chamberlin & R. D. Salisbury Geol. I. viii. 483 Fig. 403 shows a doubly plunging anticline; that is, an anticline the axis of which dips down at either end. 1942 M. P. Billings Struct. Geol. iii. 44 Although the larger plunging folds cannot be directly observed, they are easily recognized from their outcrop pattern. 1992 Geol. Mag. 129 628/1 Thus, steeply dipping kink bands (where the intersection is steeply plunging) have sinistral or dextral offsets and gently dipping kink bands (with shallowly plunging intersections) have normal or reverse offsets. 1993 Jrnl. Petrol. 34 127 The peridotite body forms a SE-plunging antiformal dome, faulted along its northern margin. 5. Of the neckline of a woman's garment: very low-cut. Esp. in plunging neckline. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > clothing > parts of clothing > [noun] > covering or next to neck > neck-line > types of décolletage1894 décolletée1907 V-neck1910 boat neckline1921 boat neck1922 bateau line1923 halter neck(line)1935 jewel neckline1935 crew neckline1939 jewel neck1940 plunging neckline1940 plunge neckline1941 scoop neck1953 scooped neckline1956 sabrina neckline1959 sweetheart neck1965 1940 Reno (Nevada) Evening Gaz. 7 Sept. 12/2 The black jersey molded bodice illustrates a new fall fashion note—the ‘plunging neckline’. 1959 Sunday Express 22 Nov. 6/6 I do wish Mr. Braine could tear his eyes away from girls' provocative, plunging necklines. 1978 Vogue 1 Mar. 131 Short-sleeved blouse..with deep, plunging V-neck. 2004 Asiana Autumn 170 Designs that went from modest casualwear to the daring J-Lo cut with plunging neck and backlines in the blink of an eye. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2006; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1398adj.1538
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